Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (409)
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (37)
- Buch (Monographie) (18)
- Teil eines Buches (Kapitel) (9)
- Arbeitspapier (8)
- Bericht (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (482) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (279)
- Konferenz (277)
- Germany (178)
- Deutschland (174)
- Unfall (163)
- Accident (162)
- Injury (116)
- Verletzung (116)
- Safety (102)
- Sicherheit (97)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (80)
- Analyse (math) (69)
- Analysis (math) (68)
- Bewertung (67)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (66)
- Evaluation (assessment) (65)
- Vehicle (65)
- Fahrzeug (64)
- Severity (accid, injury) (64)
- Statistics (64)
- Fußgänger (63)
- Pedestrian (63)
- Statistik (63)
- Simulation (59)
- Tödlicher Unfall (59)
- Fatality (58)
- Anfahrversuch (56)
- injury) (54)
- Reconstruction (accid) (53)
- Verletzung) (52)
- Datenbank (51)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (51)
- Severity (accid (49)
- Car (46)
- Datenerfassung (46)
- Collision (45)
- Data acquisition (45)
- Europa (45)
- Europe (45)
- Impact test (veh) (45)
- Unfallverhütung (45)
- Accident prevention (44)
- Test method (44)
- Zusammenstoß (43)
- Prüfverfahren (42)
- On the spot accident investigation (41)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (40)
- Active safety system (38)
- Cause (38)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (38)
- Ursache (38)
- Radfahrer (37)
- Test (37)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (36)
- Data bank (36)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (36)
- Head on collision (36)
- Cyclist (35)
- Versuch (35)
- Driver (34)
- Driver assistance system (34)
- Fahrer (34)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (34)
- Passive safety system (31)
- Geschwindigkeit (30)
- Method (30)
- Verfahren (30)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (29)
- Speed (29)
- Accident reconstruction (27)
- Insasse (27)
- Motorcyclist (27)
- Motorradfahrer (27)
- Efficiency (25)
- Anthropometric dummy (24)
- Dummy (23)
- Risiko (23)
- Vehicle occupant (23)
- Behaviour (22)
- Measurement (22)
- Verhalten (22)
- PKW (21)
- Pkw (21)
- Risk (21)
- Child (20)
- Improvement (20)
- Kind (20)
- Messung (20)
- Risikobewertung (20)
- Verbesserung (20)
- Brustkorb (19)
- Forschungsarbeit (19)
- Risk assessment (19)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (19)
- Biomechanics (18)
- Biomechanik (18)
- Head (18)
- Kopf (18)
- Lorry (18)
- Motorrad (18)
- Rechenmodell (18)
- Sicherheitsgurt (18)
- Side impact (18)
- Alte Leute (17)
- Interview (17)
- Kompatibilität (17)
- Mathematical model (17)
- Motorcycle (17)
- Research project (17)
- Thorax (17)
- Benutzung (16)
- Compatibility (16)
- Development (16)
- Entwicklung (16)
- Old people (16)
- Prevention (16)
- Use (16)
- Berechnung (15)
- Deformation (15)
- Prognose (15)
- Safety belt (15)
- Accident rate (14)
- Auffahrunfall (14)
- Calculation (14)
- Leg (human) (14)
- Rear end collision (14)
- Transport infrastructure (14)
- Verformung (14)
- Airbag (13)
- Belastung (13)
- Database (13)
- Load (13)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (13)
- Bremsung (12)
- EU (12)
- Fahrzeugsitz (12)
- Fehler (12)
- Forecast (12)
- International (12)
- Lkw (12)
- Modification (12)
- Sensor (12)
- Standardisierung (12)
- Vehicle regulations (12)
- Überschlagen (12)
- Braking (11)
- Cost benefit analysis (11)
- Digital model (11)
- Error (11)
- Human factor (11)
- Interior (veh) (11)
- Menschlicher Faktor (11)
- Numerisches Modell (11)
- Research report (11)
- Schutzhelm (11)
- Seat (veh) (11)
- Technische Vorschriften (Kraftfahrzeug) (11)
- Verhütung (11)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (11)
- Verminderung (11)
- Veränderung (11)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (11)
- Antikollisionssystem (10)
- Bein (menschl) (10)
- Bemessung (10)
- Crash helmet (10)
- Decrease (10)
- Design (overall design) (10)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (10)
- Gesetzgebung (10)
- Impact test (10)
- Krankenhaus (10)
- Legislation (10)
- Overturning (veh) (10)
- Politik (10)
- Tunnel (10)
- USA (10)
- Weather (10)
- Wirbelsäule (10)
- Age (9)
- Air bag (restraint system) (9)
- Alter (9)
- Autobahn (9)
- Automatisch (9)
- Collision avoidance system (9)
- Erste Hilfe (9)
- Fahranfänger (9)
- Fahrzeugführung (9)
- Front (9)
- Hospital (9)
- Japan (9)
- Knotenpunkt (9)
- Policy (9)
- Recently qualified driver (9)
- Standardization (9)
- Witterung (9)
- Automatic (8)
- Autonomous driving (8)
- Bridge (8)
- Brücke (8)
- Driver information (8)
- Driving (veh) (8)
- Drunkenness (8)
- Durability (8)
- Forschungsbericht (8)
- Fracture (bone) (8)
- Halswirbel (8)
- Knee (human) (8)
- Knochenbruch (8)
- Oberflächentextur (8)
- Perception (8)
- Shock (8)
- Surface texture (8)
- Technologie (8)
- Technology (8)
- Trunkenheit (8)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (8)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (8)
- Wahrnehmung (8)
- Austria (7)
- Cervical vertebrae (7)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (7)
- Detection (7)
- Fahrstabilität (7)
- First aid (7)
- Human body (7)
- Impact sled (7)
- Impact study (7)
- Menschlicher Körper (7)
- Motorway (7)
- Norm (tech) (7)
- Ort (Position) (7)
- Road user (7)
- Schlag (7)
- Sichtbarkeit (7)
- Specification (standard) (7)
- Specifications (7)
- Spinal column (7)
- Straßenentwurf (7)
- Unterhaltung (7)
- Vehicle handling (7)
- Sichtbarkeit (7)
- Österreich (7)
- Adolescent (6)
- Aufprallschlitten (6)
- Ausrüstung (6)
- Automatische Notbremsung (6)
- Autonomes Fahren (6)
- China (6)
- Correlation (math, stat) (6)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (6)
- Distraction (6)
- Driver training (6)
- Emission (6)
- Environment (6)
- Equipment (6)
- Fahrausbildung (6)
- Fahrerinformation (6)
- Fire (6)
- Highway design (6)
- India (6)
- Indien (6)
- Jugendlicher (6)
- Junction (6)
- Knie (menschl) (6)
- Location (6)
- Maintenance (6)
- Portugal (6)
- Probability (6)
- Reaction (human) (6)
- Reaktionsverhalten (6)
- Richtlinien (6)
- Road traffic (6)
- Schweden (6)
- Software (6)
- Steifigkeit (6)
- Stiffness (6)
- Surfacing (6)
- Vorn (6)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (6)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (6)
- Abbiegen (5)
- Ablenkung (psychol) (5)
- Activity report (5)
- Analyse (Math) (5)
- Angle (5)
- Autonomous emergency braking (5)
- Bicycle (5)
- Body (car) (5)
- Classification (5)
- Condition survey (5)
- Damage (5)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (5)
- Delivery vehicle (5)
- Detektion (5)
- Echtzeit (5)
- Eins (5)
- Einstellung (psychol) (5)
- Electronic stability program (5)
- Emergency (5)
- Ergonomics (5)
- Fahrrad (5)
- Fahrsimulator (5)
- Finite element method (5)
- Frau (5)
- Gefahrenabwehr (5)
- Gewicht (5)
- Intelligent transport system (5)
- Kamera (5)
- Karosserie (5)
- Kontrolle (5)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (5)
- LKW (5)
- Landstraße (5)
- Lebenszyklus (5)
- Lärm (5)
- Noise (5)
- Notfall (5)
- One (5)
- Post crash (5)
- Rehabilitation (5)
- Reproducibility (5)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (5)
- Rigid pavement (5)
- Rural road (5)
- Sachschaden (5)
- Schutzeinrichtung (5)
- Security (5)
- Simulator (driving) (5)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (5)
- United Kingdom (5)
- Weight (5)
- Winkel (5)
- Zustandsbewertung (5)
- Abdomen (4)
- Absorption (4)
- Anti locking device (4)
- Attitude (psychol) (4)
- Betonstraße (Oberbau) (4)
- Bremse (4)
- Bus (4)
- Camera (4)
- Coefficient of friction (4)
- Collision test (veh) (4)
- Communication (4)
- Contact (tyre road) (4)
- Crashtest (4)
- Decision process (4)
- Decke (Straße) (4)
- Dynamics (4)
- Dynamik (4)
- Eigenschaft (4)
- Electric vehicle (4)
- Elektrofahrzeug (4)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (4)
- Enforcement (law) (4)
- Entscheidungsprozess (4)
- Erziehung (4)
- Estimation (4)
- Fahrdatenschreiber (4)
- Fahrgeschicklichkeit (4)
- Feuer (4)
- France (4)
- Frankreich (4)
- Frequency (4)
- Führerschein (4)
- Gesetzesdurchführung (4)
- Highway (4)
- In situ (4)
- Information (4)
- Klassifizierung (4)
- Kommunikation (4)
- Kraftfahrzeug (4)
- Medical aspects (4)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (4)
- Messgerät (4)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (4)
- Occupant (veh) (4)
- Official approval (4)
- Organisation (4)
- Planning (4)
- Planung (4)
- Properties (4)
- Quality (4)
- Quality assurance (4)
- Qualität (4)
- Qualitätssicherung (4)
- Real time (4)
- Regression analysis (4)
- Regressionsanalyse (4)
- Rehabilitation (road user) (4)
- Reibungsbeiwert (4)
- Road construction (4)
- Road network (4)
- Safety fence (4)
- Schallpegel (4)
- Seite (4)
- Severity (acid (4)
- Sound level (4)
- Straße (4)
- Straßennetz (4)
- Surveillance (4)
- Sweden (4)
- Temperatur (4)
- Traffic (4)
- Traffic engineering (4)
- Traffic regulations (4)
- Umwelt (4)
- Unfallfolgemaßnahme (4)
- Unterleib (4)
- Verkehr (4)
- Wet road (4)
- Woman (4)
- Accuracy (3)
- Air pollution (3)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (3)
- Apparatus (measuring) (3)
- Arzneimittel (3)
- Attention (3)
- Aufmerksamkeit (3)
- Bau (3)
- Bauwerksmonitoring (3)
- Bearing capacity (3)
- Befreiung (Bergung) (3)
- Bein (3)
- Beton (3)
- Blickfeld (3)
- Boden (3)
- Brake (3)
- Brücken Management System (3)
- Capacity (road, footway) (3)
- Carbon dioxide (3)
- Coach (3)
- Concrete (3)
- Construction (3)
- Cost (3)
- Crash Test (3)
- Crash test (3)
- Czech Republic (3)
- Data base (3)
- Deicing (3)
- Digitale Bildverarbeitung (3)
- Driving aptitude (3)
- Education (3)
- Effectiveness (3)
- Empfindlichkeit (3)
- Entdeckung (3)
- Ergonomie (3)
- Event data recorder (road vehicle) (3)
- Extrication (3)
- Fahrbahnüberquerung (3)
- Fahrtauglichkeit (3)
- Field of vision (3)
- Frequenz (3)
- Griffigkeit (3)
- Hinten (3)
- Information documentation (3)
- Intelligentes Transportsystem (3)
- Intersection (3)
- Jahreszeit (3)
- Kapazität (Straße) (3)
- Kleidung (3)
- Kontakt Reifen Straße (3)
- Korea (Süd) (Demokratische Republik) (3)
- Kosten (3)
- Kunststoff (3)
- Lenken (Fahrzeug) (3)
- Level of service (3)
- Lieferfahrzeug (3)
- Life cycle (3)
- Luftverunreinigung (3)
- Main road (3)
- Man (3)
- Mann (3)
- Medication (3)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (3)
- Mobility (3)
- Mobilität (3)
- Nasse Straße (3)
- Oberbau (3)
- Overlapping (3)
- Passenger (3)
- Pavement (3)
- Plastic material (3)
- Prototyp (3)
- Prototype (3)
- Rear (3)
- Reifen (3)
- Reisebus (3)
- Republic of Korea (3)
- Run off the road (accid) (3)
- Season (3)
- Sensitivity (3)
- Skidding resistance (3)
- Skill (road user) (3)
- Soil (3)
- Spain (3)
- Spanien (3)
- Steering (process) (3)
- Straßenverkehr (3)
- Structural health monitoring (3)
- Sustainability (3)
- Telematics (3)
- Telematik (3)
- Temperature (3)
- Theorie (3)
- Theory (3)
- Time (3)
- Traffic control (3)
- Traffic count (3)
- Tragfähigkeit (3)
- Trend (stat) (3)
- Tschechische Republik (3)
- Tyre (3)
- United kingdom (3)
- Unterfahrschutz (3)
- Verkehrserhebung (3)
- Verkehrsqualität (3)
- Verkehrssteuerung (3)
- Verschiebung (3)
- Versuchspuppe (3)
- Visual display (3)
- Vorne (3)
- Windschutzscheibe (3)
- Zeit (3)
- Abfluss (2)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (Unfall) (2)
- Ablenkung (2)
- Abstandsregeltempomat (2)
- Accompanied driving (2)
- Adult (2)
- Advanced driver assistance system (2)
- Anthropmetric dummy (2)
- Asphaltstraße (Oberbau) (2)
- Auftaumittel (2)
- Australia (2)
- Australien (2)
- Autonomes Fahrzeug (2)
- Autonomous vehicle (2)
- Battery (2)
- Baumusterzulassung (2)
- Begleitetes Fahren (2)
- Behinderter (2)
- Beinahe Unfall (2)
- Bicyclist (2)
- Bildschirm (2)
- Blutkreislauf (2)
- Brand (2)
- Bremsweg (2)
- Bridge deck (2)
- Bridge management system (2)
- Bruch (mech) (2)
- Calibration (2)
- Circulation (blood) (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Clothing (2)
- Compliance (specif) (2)
- Comprehension (2)
- Compression (2)
- Continuous (2)
- Cooperative intelligent transport system (2)
- Crash victim (2)
- Cross roads (2)
- Crossing the road (2)
- Cycle track (2)
- Cycling (2)
- Data processing (2)
- Data transmission (telecom) (2)
- Datenbasis (2)
- Datenverarbeitung (2)
- Datenübertragung (telekom) (2)
- Dehnungsmessstreifen (2)
- Depth (2)
- Deterioration (2)
- Deutschalnd (2)
- Diesel engine (2)
- Digital image processing (2)
- Disablement (2)
- Dreidimensional (2)
- Driving licence (2)
- Driving license (2)
- Driving test (2)
- Droge (2)
- Drugs (2)
- EU directive (2)
- EU-Richtlinie (2)
- Edge (2)
- Eichung (2)
- Eindringung (2)
- Eingabedaten (2)
- Electric bicycle (2)
- Electronic driving aid (2)
- Elektrofahrrad (2)
- Energie (2)
- Energy (2)
- Environment protection (2)
- Erwachsener (2)
- Eu (2)
- Exhaust aftertreatment (2)
- Experience (human) (2)
- Expert system (2)
- Expertensystem (2)
- Fahrbahnmarkierung (2)
- Fahrbahntafel (2)
- Fahrprüfung (2)
- Fahrstreifen (2)
- Fahrzeugteil (Sicherheit) (2)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (2)
- Festigkeit (2)
- Foot (not a measure) (2)
- Form (2)
- Fuel consumption (2)
- Fuß (2)
- Führerscheinentzug (2)
- Geländefahrzeug (2)
- Genauigkeit (2)
- Gesetzesübertretung (2)
- Government (national) (2)
- Greenhouse effect (2)
- Grenzwert (2)
- Haftung (jur) (2)
- Harmonisation (2)
- Hazard (2)
- Head restraint (2)
- Headlamp (2)
- Heavy metal (2)
- In service behavior (2)
- Incident detection (2)
- Incident management (2)
- Input data (2)
- Interface (2)
- Italien (2)
- Italy (2)
- Klimawandel (2)
- Knie (2)
- Kohlendioxid (2)
- Kontakt Reifen-Straße (2)
- Kontinuierlich (2)
- Kopfstütze (2)
- Kreuzung (2)
- Langfristig (2)
- Layout (2)
- Learning (2)
- Leuchtdichte (2)
- Liability (2)
- Limit (2)
- Long term (2)
- Luminance (2)
- Market (2)
- Markt (2)
- Medical examination (2)
- Mensch Maschine Verhältnis (2)
- Methode der finite Elemente (2)
- Mittelwert (2)
- Mobile phone (2)
- Mobiltelefon (2)
- Model (not math) (2)
- Modell (2)
- Motorisierungsgrad (2)
- Movement (2)
- Nacht (2)
- Near miss (2)
- Netherlands (2)
- Network (traffic) (2)
- Niederlande (2)
- Night (2)
- Oberfläche (2)
- Offence (2)
- Offender (2)
- Organization (association) (2)
- Output (2)
- Parken (2)
- Parking (2)
- Pavement Management System (2)
- Pavement design (2)
- Pavement management system (2)
- Penetration (2)
- Pollutant (2)
- Posture (2)
- Public transport (2)
- Radfahren (2)
- Radio (2)
- Radweg (2)
- Rain (2)
- Rear view mirror (2)
- Recidivist (2)
- Recording (2)
- Regen (2)
- Regierung (staat) (2)
- Reinforcement (in mater) (2)
- Restraint system (2)
- Risk taking (2)
- Run off (2)
- Rundfunk (2)
- Rückfalltäter (2)
- Rückspiegel (2)
- Schadstoff (2)
- Schall (2)
- Scheinwerfer (2)
- Schutz (2)
- Schwermetall (2)
- Seat belt (2)
- Service area (2)
- Service life (2)
- Side (2)
- Sociology (2)
- Sound (2)
- Soziologie (2)
- Sport utility vehicle (2)
- Spreading (2)
- Stadt (2)
- Statistical analysis (2)
- Statistische Analyse (2)
- Stochastic process (2)
- Stochastischer Prozess (2)
- Strain gauge (2)
- Straßenbau (2)
- Strength (mater) (2)
- Stress (psychol) (2)
- Störfallentdeckung (2)
- Störfallmanagement (2)
- Surface (2)
- Tank Rast Anlage (2)
- Telefon (2)
- Telekommunikation (2)
- Telephone (2)
- Three dimensional (2)
- Tiefe (2)
- Toxicity (2)
- Toxizität (2)
- Traffic lane (2)
- Traffic restraint (2)
- Treibhauseffekt (2)
- Turn (2)
- Turning (2)
- Tyre tread (2)
- Tätigkeitsbericht (2)
- Umweltschutz (2)
- Underride protection (2)
- Unfallopfer (2)
- Untersuchung am unfallort (2)
- Urban area (2)
- Vehicle ownership (2)
- Vehicle safety device (2)
- Verkehrsbeschränkung (2)
- Verkehrsnetz (2)
- Verkehrstechnik (2)
- Verkehrsverflechtung (2)
- Verständnis (2)
- Verteilung (mater) (2)
- Wasser (2)
- Water (2)
- Windscreen (veh) (2)
- Zeitreihe (stat) (2)
- Zusammendrückung (2)
- Zusammenstoss (2)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (2)
- Überlappung (2)
- (menschl) (1)
- Abgefahrener Reifen (1)
- Ability (road user) (1)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (1)
- Abnutzung (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Acceptability (1)
- Accessibility (1)
- Accident black spot (1)
- Accident proneness (1)
- Accident severity (1)
- Achslast (1)
- Active safety (1)
- Active safety system; Automatic; Brake; Car; Collision avoidance system; Conference; Driver assistance system; Germany; Impact test (veh); Rear end collision; Severity (accid (1)
- Adaptation (psychol) (1)
- Adaptive cruise control (1)
- Adaptive cruise controll (1)
- Administration (1)
- Advanced vehicle control systems (1)
- Aged people (1)
- Aggression (psycho) (1)
- Aggression (psychol) (1)
- Air quality management (1)
- Air traffic control (1)
- Air transport (1)
- Airbag (restraint system) (1)
- Aktive Sicherheit (1)
- Alcolock (1)
- Alternative (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Analyses (math) (1)
- Anhänger (1)
- Ankündigung (1)
- Anordnung (1)
- Anpassung (psychol) (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
- Anthropometry (1)
- Antiblockiersystem (1)
- Antikollisisonssystem (1)
- Apparatus (measurement) (1)
- Arbeitsgruppe (1)
- Arm (human) (1)
- Arm (menschl) (1)
- Articulated vehicle (1)
- Asset Management (1)
- Asset management (1)
- Asset management system (1)
- Atives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- Audit (1)
- Auffharunfall (1)
- Aufzeichnung (1)
- Aufzeichung (1)
- Augenbewegungen (1)
- Ausdehnung (mater) (1)
- Automotive Engineering (1)
- Autonomous emerhency braking (1)
- Autotür (1)
- Average (1)
- Axle load (1)
- Back (human) (1)
- Batterie (1)
- Baustelle (1)
- Baustoff (1)
- Bauweise (1)
- Beanspruchung (1)
- Bein [menschl] (1)
- Belohnung (Anreiz) (1)
- Bemessung des Straßenoberbaus (1)
- Benchmark (1)
- Bepflanzung (1)
- Berechnung d Straßenoberbaus (1)
- Beschleunigung (1)
- Bestrafung (1)
- Bevölkerung (1)
- Bewehrung (1)
- Bindemittel (1)
- Binder (1)
- Bitumen (1)
- Bituminous mixture (1)
- Bituminöses Mischgut (1)
- Black ice (1)
- Blind spot (veh) (1)
- Blood alcohol content (1)
- Blutalkoholgehalt (1)
- Bone (1)
- Brake light (1)
- Braking distance (1)
- Breaking (1)
- Breite (1)
- Bremslicht (1)
- Bridges (1)
- Budget (1)
- Bumper (1)
- Cadaver (1)
- Car door (1)
- Car park (1)
- Carriageway (1)
- Carriageway marking (1)
- Catalytic converter (1)
- Cervical vertebrae; Conference; Evaluation (assessment); Injury; Spinal column; Test (1)
- Chassis (1)
- Chest (1)
- Clay (1)
- Coefficient (1)
- Cognitive impairment (1)
- Cold (1)
- Collisison avoidance system (1)
- Colthing (1)
- Compatiblity (1)
- Computation (1)
- Concentration (chem) (1)
- Conference; Germany; Injury; Medical examination; Spinal column; X ray (1)
- Confiscation (driving licence) (1)
- Confiscation (driving license) (1)
- Congestion (traffic) (1)
- Construction method (1)
- Construction site (1)
- Consumer protection (1)
- Contact (tyre (1)
- Control (1)
- Cooling (mater) (1)
- Correlation (1)
- Correlation (math (1)
- Cracking (1)
- Critical path method (1)
- Crossing the road (pedestrian) (1)
- Damping (1)
- Data basis (1)
- Data collection (1)
- Datenübertragung (Telekom) (1)
- Dauer (1)
- Day (24 hour period) (1)
- Daylight (1)
- Decke [Straße] (1)
- Deformable barrier (Impact test) (1)
- Deformable barrier system (impact test) (1)
- Deformierte Barriere (Anpralltest) (1)
- Demand (econ) (1)
- Demografie (1)
- Demography (1)
- Density (1)
- Detection response task (1)
- Deutschland ; Konferenz (1)
- Diagnostik (1)
- Dichte (1)
- Dieselmotor (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Digital computer (1)
- Digitalrechner (1)
- Dimension (1)
- Dispersion (stat) (1)
- Displacement (1)
- Disstraction (1)
- Distribution (gen) (1)
- Drainage (1)
- Driver (veh) (1)
- Driver information system (1)
- Driving aid (electronic) (1)
- Dränasphalt (1)
- Dtetection (1)
- Durchsichtigkeit (1)
- Dynamic penetration test (1)
- Dynamo (1)
- Dämpfung (1)
- Earthworks (1)
- Economic efficiency (1)
- Economics of transport (1)
- Ejection (1)
- Elastizitätsmodul (1)
- Electronics (1)
- Elektronik (1)
- Elektronische Deichsel (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogram (1)
- Emergency medical aid (1)
- Engine capacity (1)
- Enteisung (1)
- Entgleisung (Zug) (1)
- Entwässerung (1)
- Erdarbeiten (1)
- Erfahrung (menschl) (1)
- Ermüdung (mater) (1)
- Ersatzfahraufgabe (1)
- European New Car Assessment Programme (1)
- Evaluation (Assessment) (1)
- Event data recorder (Road vehicle) (1)
- Expansion (1)
- Experimental road (1)
- Expert interview (1)
- Expressway (1)
- Eye movement (1)
- Face (human) (1)
- Facility (1)
- Fahrassistenzsystem (1)
- Fahrbahn (1)
- Fahrdynamik (1)
- Fahrererfahrung (1)
- Fahrerinformationen (1)
- Fahrerinformationssystem (1)
- Fahrleistung (1)
- Fahrstreifenwechsel (1)
- Fahrwerk (1)
- Fahrzeugbeleuchtung (1)
- Fahrzeugdach (1)
- Fahrzeugflotte (1)
- Fahrzeugrückhaltesystem (1)
- Fahrzeugsicherheit (1)
- Failure (1)
- Fatigue (human) (1)
- Fatigue (mater) (1)
- Fear (1)
- Fein (mater) (1)
- Feinstaub (1)
- Fence (1)
- Fernverkehrsstrasse (1)
- Field test (1)
- Financing (1)
- Finanzierung (1)
- Fine (mater) (1)
- Finland (1)
- Finnland (1)
- Fleet of vehicles (1)
- Flexible pavement (1)
- Flooding (1)
- Flugsicherung (1)
- Freeway (1)
- Freight transport (1)
- Friction (1)
- Fuel tank (1)
- Fuge (1)
- Fugenfüllung (1)
- Functional safety (1)
- Funktionale Sicherheit (1)
- Furcht (1)
- Future transport mode (1)
- Fußgängerbereich (1)
- Führerschein Punktesystem (1)
- Gap acceptance (1)
- Gas (1)
- Gefahr (1)
- Gelenkfahrzeug (1)
- Geografisches Information System (1)
- Geographical information system (1)
- Geomembran (1)
- Geomembrane (1)
- Geometry (shape) (1)
- Geotextil (1)
- Geotextile (1)
- Geradeausverkehr (1)
- Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung (1)
- Gesicht (1)
- Gestaltung (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Glatteis (1)
- Great Britain (1)
- Grenzfläche (1)
- Ground water (1)
- Group analysis (test) (1)
- Großbritannien (1)
- Grundwasser (1)
- Güterverkehr (1)
- Harmonisierung (1)
- Harmonization (1)
- Head (human) (1)
- Health (1)
- Hearing (1)
- Height (1)
- Herausschleudern (1)
- Herstellung (1)
- Higway design (1)
- Hip (human) (1)
- Homogeneity (1)
- Homogenität (1)
- Hospitsl (1)
- Hubraum (1)
- Häufigkeit (1)
- Höhe (1)
- Hörvermögen (1)
- Hüfte (1)
- Hüfte (menschl) (1)
- Illness (1)
- Image analysis (1)
- Image generation (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Immission (1)
- Impact (collision) (1)
- Impact test (crash) (1)
- In Bewegung (1)
- Increase (1)
- Inertia reel safety belt (1)
- Infotainment System (1)
- Infotainment system (1)
- Injury) (1)
- Installation (1)
- Intelligentes Transport System (1)
- Intelligentes Verkehrssystem (1)
- Interactive model (1)
- Interaktives Modell (1)
- Inventar (1)
- Inventory (1)
- Ireland (1)
- Irland (1)
- Itinerary (1)
- Jahr (1)
- Joint (structural) (1)
- Klassifikation (1)
- Kleintransporter (1)
- Knochen (1)
- Koeffizient (1)
- Kognitive Aufgabenanforderung (1)
- Kognitive Beeinträchtigung (1)
- Kolmatierung (1)
- Kompatiblität (1)
- Konzentration (1)
- Kopf (menschl) (1)
- Korea (Süd) (1)
- Korn (1)
- Kornverteilung (1)
- Korrelation (math (1)
- Korrelation [math (1)
- Korrelation(Math (1)
- Kosten Nutzen Vergleich (1)
- Kraftstofftank (1)
- Kraftstoffverbrauch (1)
- Krankheit (1)
- Kreisverkehrsplatz (1)
- Kälte (1)
- Körperhaltung (1)
- Körperstellung (1)
- Kühlung (mater) (1)
- Laboratorium (1)
- Laboratory (not an organization) (1)
- Laborexperiment (1)
- Lane changing (1)
- Lap strap (1)
- Laser (1)
- Lateral (1)
- Lateral collision (1)
- Layer (1)
- Lebensdauer (1)
- Left turn (1)
- Leichnam (1)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Allg.) (1)
- Length (1)
- Lernen (1)
- Lifecycle (1)
- Links (1)
- Literaturanalyse (1)
- Literature review (1)
- Luftreinhaltung (1)
- Lufttransport (1)
- Länge (1)
- Lärmschutzwand (1)
- Maintenance management (1)
- Malaysia (1)
- Man-machine interface (1)
- Manufacture (1)
- Massenunfall (1)
- Material (constr) (1)
- Materialveraenderung (allg) (1)
- Materialveränderung (allg) (1)
- Mathematical Model (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Mean (math) (1)
- Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion (1)
- Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle (1)
- Merging (1)
- Merging traffic (1)
- Text (1)
- Mesurement (1)
- Metal bridge (1)
- Mix design (1)
- Modulus of elasticity (1)
- Montage (1)
- Moped (1)
- Motor (1)
- Moving (1)
- Multiple collision (1)
- Müdigkeit (1)
- Nachfrage (1)
- Nachhaltige Entwicklung (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nachricht (1)
- Nasse Strasse (1)
- Netzplantechnik (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Neuronales Netz (1)
- Nigeria (1)
- Nitric acid (1)
- Nitrogen oxide (1)
- Noise barrier (1)
- Non destructive testing (1)
- Nordamerika (1)
- North America (1)
- Norway (1)
- Norwegen (1)
- Nummer (1)
- Nutzwertanalyse (1)
- OECD (1)
- Occupant (1)
- Offset impact test (1)
- On the left (1)
- On the right (1)
- On the scene accident investigation (1)
- On the spot investigation (1)
- Optimum (1)
- Optische Anzeige (1)
- Organization (1)
- Orthotrope Platte (1)
- Orthotropic plate (1)
- Overtaking (1)
- Overturning (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- Ozon (1)
- Ozone (1)
- PVC (1)
- Padding (safety) (1)
- Parkfläche (1)
- Particle (1)
- Particle size distribution (1)
- Particulate matter (1)
- Partnerschaft (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Peak hour (1)
- Peat (1)
- Pedestrian precinct (1)
- Pelvis (1)
- Penalty (1)
- Personal (1)
- Personnel (1)
- Pfahl (1)
- Pfosten (1)
- Pile (1)
- Platooning (electronic) (1)
- Platte (1)
- Point demerit system (1)
- Poland (1)
- Pole (1)
- Polen (1)
- Police (1)
- Politics (1)
- Polizei (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Pollution concentration (1)
- Polyvinylchloride (1)
- Population (1)
- Porous asphalt (1)
- Portable (1)
- Position (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Preloading (soil) (1)
- Prestressed (1)
- Prestressed concrete (1)
- Probe (1)
- Productivity (1)
- Protective helmet (1)
- Provisorisch (1)
- Prüefverfahren (1)
- Pssives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- Psychological aspects (1)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (1)
- QAccident (1)
- Quality management system (1)
- Qualitätsmanagementsystem (1)
- Rail bound transport (1)
- Rail traffic (1)
- Rammsondierung (1)
- Reaction (chem.) (1)
- Reaktion (chem) (1)
- Real-time (1)
- Rechts (1)
- Rechtsübertreter (1)
- Rechtübertreter (1)
- Reconstruction [accid] (1)
- Reduction (decrease) (1)
- Reflectivity (1)
- Reflectorized material (1)
- Reflexionsgrad (1)
- Reflexstoffe (1)
- Regional planning (1)
- Regionalplanung (1)
- Rehabilitation (Road user) (1)
- Reibung (1)
- Reifenprofil (1)
- Reinforcement (1)
- Reiseweg (1)
- Republic of Corea (1)
- Research (1)
- Research projekt (1)
- Residential area (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Resilienz (1)
- Resuscitation (1)
- Reversing (veh) (1)
- Reward (1)
- Rib (1)
- Richtlinie (1)
- Rinanalyse (1)
- Rippe (menschl) (1)
- Risikoverhalten (1)
- Rissbildung (1)
- Road (1)
- Road Construction (1)
- Road construction site (1)
- Road heating (1)
- Road marking (1)
- Road transport (1)
- Roadbase (1)
- Roadside (1)
- Robot (1)
- Roboter (1)
- Roll over (veh) (1)
- Rolling resistance (1)
- Rollwiderstand (1)
- Roof (veh) (1)
- Rotation (1)
- Roundabout (1)
- Rsk (1)
- Rupture (1)
- Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- Rücken (1)
- Rücksichtslosigkeit (1)
- Rückwärtsfahren (1)
- SAE Level (1)
- Safety glass (1)
- Safety harness (1)
- Safety system (1)
- Saftey (1)
- Salpetersäure (1)
- Sample (mater) (1)
- Sample (stat) (1)
- Sauerstoff (1)
- Schicht (1)
- Schienentransport (1)
- Schienenverkehr (1)
- Schleudertrauma (1)
- Schnittstelle (1)
- Schulter (1)
- Schwangerschaft (1)
- Schweiz (1)
- Schweregrad (UNfall (1)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung (1)
- Schweregrad /Unfall (1)
- Schätzung (1)
- Sealing compound (1)
- Seat (1)
- Seat harness (1)
- Sensors (1)
- Settlement (1)
- Setzung (1)
- Severity (accid, injuy) (1)
- Shape (1)
- Shoulder (human) (1)
- Sicherheitsglas (1)
- Sicherheitspolsterung (1)
- Significance (1)
- Signifikanz (1)
- Silting (1)
- Size and weight regulations (1)
- Slab (1)
- Social factors (1)
- Soziale Faktoren (1)
- Spannbeton (1)
- Specification (standard ) (1)
- Spectrum (1)
- Speed limit (1)
- Speed) (1)
- Spektrum (1)
- Spinal calum (1)
- Sri Lanka (1)
- Stadardization (1)
- Stadtplanung (1)
- Staggered junction (1)
- Stahl (1)
- Stahlbrücke (1)
- Stand der Technik (Bericht) (1)
- Standard (1)
- Standard test run (1)
- Standardabweichung (1)
- Stapedius reflex (1)
- Stapediusreflex (1)
- Stat) (1)
- State of the art report (1)
- Statistik (math) (1)
- Steel (1)
- Stichprobe (1)
- Stickoxid (1)
- Stopping distance (1)
- Stoßstange (1)
- Straight ahead (traffic) (1)
- Strasse (1)
- Straßenheizung (1)
- Straßenseitenfläche (1)
- Straßentransport (1)
- Strength ; Tension (1)
- Stress (1)
- Stress (psycho) (1)
- Subsoil (1)
- Surrogate driving set-up (1)
- Switzerland (1)
- Systemanalyse (1)
- Systems analysis (1)
- Tactile perception (1)
- Tag (24 Stunden) (1)
- Tageslicht (1)
- Taktiles Signal (1)
- Technische Vorschriften (1)
- Telecommunication (1)
- Telecomunication (1)
- Temperature measurement (1)
- Temperaturmessung (1)
- Temporary (1)
- Tension (1)
- Terrorism (1)
- Terrorismus (1)
- Test procedure (1)
- Thailand (1)
- Ton (Gestein) (1)
- Torf (1)
- Toter Winkel (1)
- Town planning (1)
- Tracking task (1)
- Trackingaufgabe (1)
- Traffic Engineering (1)
- Traffic concentration (1)
- Traffic regulation (1)
- Tragbar (1)
- Tragschicht (1)
- Train (1)
- Transparent (1)
- Transport (1)
- Transport mode (1)
- Transport operator (1)
- Transportunternehmen (1)
- Traveler (1)
- Two dimensional (1)
- Typenzulassung (1)
- Underride prevention (1)
- Unfallfolgephase (1)
- Unfallneigung (1)
- Unfallrate (1)
- Unfallrekonsruktion (1)
- Unfallschwerpunkt (1)
- Unfallverhuetung (1)
- Unfallverhütug (1)
- Ungeschützter Verkehrsteilnehmer (1)
- United Kindom (1)
- Untergrund (1)
- Untersuchung am Umfallort (1)
- Usa (1)
- Value analysis (1)
- Variable message signs (1)
- Variance analysis (1)
- Varianzanalyse (1)
- Vegetation (1)
- Vehicle lighting (1)
- Vehicle mile (1)
- Vehicle regulation (1)
- Vehicle restraint system (1)
- Vehicle safety (1)
- Veletzung) (1)
- Veraenderung (1)
- Verbraucherschutz (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreichl (1)
- Verfahen (1)
- Verfahren ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur (1)
- Vergrößerung (1)
- Verkehrsmittel (1)
- Verkehrsspitze (1)
- Verkehrsstauung (1)
- Verkehrsstärke (1)
- Verkehrswirtschaft (1)
- Vermeidung (1)
- Verschmutzung (1)
- Versetzte Kreuzung (1)
- Verstärkung (1)
- Verstärkung (Brücke) (1)
- Versuchsstrecke (1)
- Verteilung (allg) (1)
- Verwaltung (1)
- Vibration (1)
- Video camera (1)
- Virtual reality (1)
- Virtuelle Realität (1)
- Viskosity (1)
- Viskosität (1)
- Visualisation (1)
- Visualisierung (1)
- Vorbelastung (Boden) (1)
- Vorspannung (1)
- Vulnerable road user (1)
- Warning (1)
- Wear (1)
- Wechselverkehrszeichen (1)
- Wetter (1)
- Whiplash injury (1)
- Width (1)
- Wind (1)
- Window (veh) (1)
- Winter (1)
- Wirkungsanalyse (1)
- Wirtschaftlichkeit (1)
- Wohngebiet (1)
- Women (1)
- Working group (1)
- Year (1)
- Zahl (1)
- Zeitlückenakzeptanz (1)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (1)
- Zug (Eisenbahn) (1)
- Zug (mech) (1)
- Zugänglichkeit (1)
- Zukünftiges Verkehrsmittel (1)
- Zulassung (tech) (1)
- Zusammensetzung (1)
- ZusammenstoÃüï-¿-½Ãƒ-¯Ã‚-¿Ã‚-½ (1)
- Zweidimensional (1)
- accident (1)
- aktives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- analyses (math) (1)
- ar (1)
- driving dynamics (1)
- efficiency (1)
- fatality (1)
- finite element method (1)
- head (1)
- human-machine interaction (1)
- road) (1)
- simulation (1)
- stat) (1)
- stat] (1)
- trailer (1)
- tödlicher Unfall (1)
- vehicle safety (1)
- Überdeckung (1)
- Überholen (1)
- Überschwemmung (1)
Institut
- Sonstige (337)
- Abteilung Fahrzeugtechnik (126)
- Abteilung Verhalten und Sicherheit im Verkehr (23)
- Abteilung Brücken- und Ingenieurbau (22)
- Abteilung Straßenverkehrstechnik (22)
- Abteilung Straßenbautechnik (17)
- Präsident (9)
- Stabstelle Presse und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (6)
- Stabstelle Forschungscontrolling, Qualitätsmanagement (1)
Annually within the European Union, there are over 50,000 road accident fatalities and 2 million other casualties, of which the majority are either the occupants of cars or other road users in collision with a car. The European Commission now has competency for vehicle-based injury countermeasures through the Whole Vehicle Type Approval system. As a result, the Commission has recognised that casualty reduction strategies must be based on a full understanding of the real-world need under European conditions and that the effectiveness of vehicle countermeasures must be properly evaluated. The PENDANT study commenced in January 2003 in order to explore the possibility of developing a co-ordinated set of targeted, in-depth crash data resources to support European Union vehicle and road safety policy. Three main work activity areas (Work Packages) commenced to provide these resources. This paper describes some of the outcomes of Work Package 2 (WP2, In-depth Crash Investigations and Data Analysis). In WP2, some 1,100 investigations of crashes involving injured car occupants were conducted in eight EU countries to a common protocol based on that developed in the STAIRS programme. This paper describes the purposes, methodology and results of WP2. It is expected that the results will be used as a co-ordinated system to inform European vehicle safety policy in a systematic, integrated manner. Furthermore, the results of the data analyses will be exploited further to provide new directions to develop injury countermeasures and regulations.
Interaction of road environment, vehicle and human factors in the causation of pedestrian accidents
(2005)
The UK On-the-Spot project (OTS) completed over 1500 in-depth investigations of road accidents during 2000-2003 and is continuing for a further 3 years. Cases were sampled from two regions of England using rotating shifts to cover all days of the week and all hours of the day and night. Research teams were dispatched to accidents notified to police during the shifts; arrival time to the scene of the accident was generally less than 20 minutes. The methodology of OTS includes sophisticated systems for describing accident causation and the interaction of road, vehicle and human factors. The purpose of this paper is to describe and illustrate these systems by reference to pedestrian accidents. This type of analysis is intended to provide an insight into how and why pedestrian accidents occur in order to assist the development of effective road, vehicle and behavioural countermeasures.
It is well known that most accidents with pedestrians are caused by the driver not being alert or misinterpreting the situation. For that reason advanced forward looking safety systems have a high potential to improve safety for this group of vulnerable road users. Active pedestrian protection systems combine reduction of impact speed by driver warning and/or autonomous braking with deployment of protective devices shortly before the imminent impact. According to the Euro NCAP roadmap the Autonomous Emergency Braking system tests for Pedestrians Protection will be set in force from 2016 onwards. Various projects and organisations in Europe are developing performance tests and assessment procedures as accompanying measures to the Euro NCAP initiative. To provide synthesised input to Euro NCAP so-called Harmonisation Platforms (HP-) have been established. Their main goal is to foster exchange of information on key subjects, thereby generating a clear overview of similarities and differences on the approaches chosen and, on that basis, recommend on future test procedures. In this paper activities of the Harmonisation Platform 2 on the development of Test Equipment are presented. For the testing targets that mimic humans different sensing technologies are required. A first set of specifications for pedestrian targets and the propulsion systems as collected by Harmonisation Platform 2 are presented together with a first evaluation for a number of available tools.
Thoracic injuries are one of the main causes of fatally and severely injured casualties in car crashes. Advances in restraint system technology and airbags may be needed to address this problem; however, the crash test dummies available today for studying these injuries have limitations that prevent them from being able to demonstrate the benefits of such innovations. THORAX-FP7 was a collaborative medium scale project under the European Seventh Framework. It focused on the mitigation and prevention of thoracic injuries through an improved understanding of the thoracic injury mechanisms and the implementation of this understanding in an updated design for the thorax-shoulder complex of the THOR dummy. The updated dummy should enable the design and evaluation of advanced restraint systems for a wide variety (gender, age and size) of car occupants. The hardware development involved five steps: 1) Identification of the dominant thoracic injury types from field data, 2) Specification of biomechanical requirements, 3) Identification of injury parameters and necessary instrumentation, 4) Dummy hardware development and 5) Evaluation of the demonstrator dummy. The activities resulted in the definition of new biofidelity and instrumentation requirements for an updated thorax-shoulder complex. Prototype versions were realised and implemented in three THOR dummies for biomechanical evaluation testing. This paper documents the hardware developments and biomechanical evaluation testing carried out.
Traditionally, traffic count statistics in Germany contain the so-called relevant hourly volume, which is defined as the 30th-highest hour of the year when listing the hourly volumes in descending order. When the first edition of the German Highway Capacity Manual (HBS) was prepared in 2001, the Federal Government decided that this 30th hour should be used as the basis for the level of service determination for all Federal freeways and trunk roads. While German freeways are quite well equipped with inductive loop detectors, there are much fewer counts on rural roads and almost no long-term data on urban roads. With the current redraft of the German HBS detailed advice will be given on how to estimate peak-hour demand (all vehicles and heavy vehicle portion), based on the n-th highest hour concept depending on the available traffic counts. As the HBS will be divided into three major parts: freeways, rural roads, and urban roads, three separate chapters for the peak-hour demand estimation will be provided. Whereas for freeways the task consists in finding the comparable site equipped with inductive loop detectors, for urban roads it is a matter of establishing which time periods of the year and weekdays are appropriate for manual short-term counts as estimation of the 30th hour of the year. For all kind of traffic devices the requirements on traffic demand models for level of service calculations are described.
With the introduction of the German Highway Capacity Manual (HBS) in January 2002 (FGSV, 2002), all methods for the evaluation of the performance of highway facilities were, for the first time in Germany, simultaneously updated and consolidated in a single work following the ideas of the American Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). This paper gives an overview of the new 2015 edition of the German HBS and describes the changes as for example the addition of chapters for freeway, rural roads, and major urban street facilities, comprising segments and intersections.
In this study, we compared the injury severity of occupants according to the seating position and the crashing direction in motor vehicle accidents. In the driver's point of view, it was separated the seating position as "Near-side" and "Far-side". The study subjects were targeted by people who visited 4 regional emergency centers following motor vehicle accidents. Real-world investigation was performed by direct and indirect methods after patient- consent. The information of the damaged vehicle was informed by Collision Deformation Classification (CDC) code and the information of the injury of patients was informed by using the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS). When the column 3 in CDC code was P, damaged at the middle part of lateral side, the average point of AIS 3 was 1.91-±1.72 in near-side and 1.02-±1.31 in far-side (p<0.01). The average point of maximum AIS (MAIS) was 2.78-±1.39 in near-side and 2.02-±1.11 in far-side (p<0.01). The average point of ISS was 15.74-±14.71 in near-side and 8.11-±8.39 in far-side (p<0.01). Also, when the column 3 in CDC code was D, damaged at the whole part of lateral side, it was significant that the average point of AIS 3 and MAIS in near-side was bigger than in far-side (p=0.02).
The off-set assessment procedure potentially contributes to the FIMCAR objectives to maintain the compartment strength and to assess load spreading in frontal collisions. Furthermore it provides the opportunity to assess the restraint system performance with different pulses if combined with a full-width assessment procedure in the frontal assessment approach. Originally it was expected that the PDB assessment procedure would be selected for the FIMCAR assessment approach. However, it was not possible to deliver a compatibility metric in time so that the current off-set procedure (ODB as used in UNECE R94) with some minor modifications was proposed for the FIMCAR Assessment Approach. Nevertheless the potential to assess load spreading, which appears not to be possible with any other assessed frontal impact assessment procedure was considered to be still high. Therefore the development work for the PDB assessment procedure did not stop with the decision not to select the PDB procedure. As a result of the decisions to use the current ODB and to further develop the PDB procedure, both are covered within this deliverable. The deliverable describes the off-set test procedure that will be recommended by FIMCAR consortium, this corresponds to the ODB test as it is specified in UN-ECE Regulation 94 (R94), i.e. EEVC deformable element with 40% overlap at a test speed of 56 km/h. In addition to the current R94 requirements, FIMCAR will recommend to introduce some structural requirements which will guarantee sufficiently strong occupant compartments by enforcing the stability of the forward occupant cell. With respect to the PDB assessment procedure a new metric, Digital Derivative in Y direction - DDY, was developed, described, analysed, and compared with other metrics. The DDY metric analyses the deformation gradients laterally across the PDB face. The more even the deformation, the lower the DDY values and the better the metric- result. In order analyse the different metrics, analysis of the existing PDB test results and the results of the performed simulation studies was performed. In addition, an assessment of artificial deformation profiles with the metrics took place. This analysis shows that there are still issues with the DDY metric but it appears that it is possible to solve them with future optimisations. For example the current metric assesses only the area within 60% of the half vehicle width. For vehicles that have the longitudinals further outboard, the metric is not effective. In addition to the metric development, practical issues of the PDB tests such as the definition of a scan procedure for the analysis of the deformation pattern including the validation of the scanning procedure by the analysis of 3 different scans at different locations of the same barrier were addressed. Furthermore the repeatability and reproducibility of the PDB was analysed. The barrier deformation readings seem to be sensitive with respect to the impact accuracy. In total, the deliverable is meant to define the FIMCAR off-set assessment procedure and to be a starting point for further development of the PDB assessment procedure.
Evaluation of the performance of competitive headforms as test tools for interior headform testing
(2009)
The European Research Project APROSYS has evaluated the interior headform test procedure developed by EEVC WG 13, representing the head contact in the car during a lateral impact. One important aspect within this test procedure was the selection of an appropriate impactor. The WG13 procedure currently uses the Free Motion Headform as used within the FMVSS 201. The ACEA 3.5 kg headform used in Phase 1 of the European Directive and the future European Regulation on Pedestrian Protection is still discussed as a possible alternative. This paper reports work performed by the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) as a part of the APROSYS Task 1.1.3. The study compares the two headform impactors according to FMVSS and ACEA, in a series of basic tests in order to evaluate their sensitivity towards different impact angles, impact accuracy, the effect of differences to impactors of the same type and the effects of the repeatability and reproducibility of the test results. The test surface consisted of a steel tube covered with PU foam and PVC, representing the car interior to be tested. Despite of the higher mass of the FMH the HIC values of this impactor were generally lower than those of the ACEA headform. The FMH showed a higher repeatability of test results but a high sensitivity on the angle of roll, the spherical ACEA impactor performed better with regards to the reproducibility. In case of the ACEA impactor-, the angle of roll had no influence.
The European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) Working Group 13 for Side Impact Protection has been developing an Interior Headform Test Procedure to complement the full-scale Side Impact Test Procedure for Europe and for the proposed IHRA test procedures. In real world accidents interior head contacts with severe head injuries still occur, which are not always observed in standard side impact tests with dummies. Thus a means is needed to encourage further progress in head protection. At the 2003 ESV-Conference EEVC Working Group 13 reported the results on Interior Headform Testing. Further research has been performed since and the test procedure has been improved. This paper gives an overview of its latest status. The paper presents new aspects which are included in the latest test procedure and the research work leading to these enhancements. One topic of improvement is the definition of the Free Motion Headform (FMH) impactor alignment procedure to provide guidelines to minimize excessive headform chin contact and to minimize potential variability. Research activities have also been carried out on the definition of reasonable approach head angles to avoid unrealistic test conditions. Further considerations have been given to the evaluation of head airbags, their potential benefits and a means of ensuring protection for occupants regardless of seating position and sitting height. The paper presents the research activities that have been made since the last ESV Conference in 2003 and the final proposal of the EEVC Headform Test Procedure.
Side impacts, both nearside and farside, have been indicated by research to be responsible for a large proportion of serious injuries from road crashes. This study aimed to compare and contrast the characteristics of nearside and farside crashes in Australia, Germany and the U.S., using the ANCIS, GIDAS and NASS/CDS in-depth-databases, in order to establish the impact and injury severity associated with these crashes, and the types of injuries sustained. The analyses revealed some interesting similarities, as well as differences, between both nearside and farside crashes, and the emergent trends between the three investigated countries. More specifically, it was indicated that whilst the severity of injury sustained in nearside crashes was slightly greater overall than that found for farside crashes, careful consideration of struck and nonstruck side occupants must be made when considering aspects such as vehicle design and occupant protection.
A change emerges in hospital landscape due to health political measures, which in consequence also influences the pre-clinical medical care of emergencies. The main focus of this study was to gather information about emergency medical care after traffic accidents on the basis of data of Bavarian emergency medical services. In Bavaria, in 2006 it was necessary to call an emergency doctor in the case of 14.261 traffic accidents. Predominantly the patients were provided by land-based life saving appliances, air rescue services were only applied in 19.1 % of the cases. 47.6 % of patients being involved in a traffic accident were transported into a primary health care hospital. A prehospital interval of more than 60 minutes was calculated in 20 % of emergency care. 96.2 % of the patients were transported to hospitals of tertiary or maximum supply by air rescue services. The life saving appliances" readiness for action is however restricted to daylight. A further limitation appeared for routine office hours in hospitals: Only 36.7 % of accidents occurred in this time frame. An increase of hospitalizations in clinics of maximum supply appeared from 2002 until 2006 while simultaneously the prehospital period was extended. To assure a sufficient medical care of seriously injured persons further on, a fulltime and area-wide expostulation of efficient facilities is necessary. For this purpose it is necessary to establish regional trauma networks as well as emergency medical service at night time. Beyond that, a cost efficient compensation of the structural, personnel and logistic expenses has to be assured.
The project UR:BAN "Cognitive assistance (KA)" aims at developing future assistance systems providing improved performance in complex city traffic. New state-of-the-art panoramic sensor technologies now allow comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of the vehicle environment. In order to improve protection of vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists, a particular objective of UR:BAN is the evaluation and prediction of their behaviour and actions. The objective of subproject "WER" is development support by providing quantitative estimates of traffic collisions at the very start and predict potential in terms of optimized accident avoidance and reduction of injury severity. For this purpose an integrated computer simulation toolkit is being devised based on real world accidents (GIDAS as well as video documented accidents), allowing the prediction of potential effectiveness and future benefit of assistance systems in this accident scenario. Subsequently, this toolkit may be used for optimizing the design of implemented assistance systems for improved effectiveness.
Safety of light goods vehicles - findings from the German joint project of BASt, DEKRA, UDV and VDA
(2011)
Light goods vehicles (LGVs) are an important part of the vehicle fleet, providing a vital component in the European transportation system. On the other hand, LGVs are in the focus of public discussion regarding road safety. In order to analyse the accident situation of LGVs in an objective manner, Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt), VDA, DEKRA and German Insurers Accident Research (UDV) launched a joint project. The aim of this project, which will be finished by mid of 2011, is to identify reasonable measures which will further improve the safety of LGVs. For the first time, these partners jointly together conducted a research project and put together their know-how in accident research. Analyses are based on real-life accident data from the GIDAS database, the Accident Database of UDV (UDB), the DEKRA database and national statistics. The findings deliver answers to questions within the arena of future legislative actions and consumer protection activities. The analyses of databases cover areas of primary and secondary safety of LGVs with a special focus on advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), driver behaviour as well as partner and occupant protection. Key figures from national statistics are used to highlight hotspots of accidents of LGVs in Germany. Finally, the proposed countermeasures are assessed regarding their potential effectiveness. Amongst others, the results show that the accident situation of LGVs is very similar to that of passenger cars. Noteworthy variations could be found in collisions with pedestrians, at reversing and regarding accident causes. Occupant safety of LGVs is on a higher level compared to cars. Results indicate that seatbelt use is on a significantly lower level compared to cars. This leads to higher-than-average injury risk for unbelted LGV occupants. When it comes to partner protection, there are problems with compatibility at LGVs. For car occupants there is a very high injury risk when colliding with a LGV. It indicates that higher passive safety test standards for LGVs would be counterproductive if they further increase stiffness of LGVs. The analysis of LGV-pedestrian accidents shows that pedestrian kinematic differs significantly from car-pedestrian accidents. At this point, existing pedestrian related test standards developed for cars cannot be adopted to LGVs. When it comes to active safety, ESC proved its effectiveness once again. Beyond that, rear view cameras, advanced emergency braking systems and lane departure warning systems show a safety potential, too. In addition to any technical countermeasures previously discussed, the importance of the driver behavior and attitude regarding the accident risk was investigated. In order to develop successful actions it is important to understand the main target population. In the case of LGV especially the crafts business and smaller companies are the major contributors the safety issue.
The paper describes the development of transitions between different safety barriers in Germany but also in the context of the European standardization. In the paper practical and impact test expriences with transitions are shown. In view of the sheer number of theoretically possible combinations of safety barriers, the demand for testing every transition, even if the connecting safety barriers differ only slightly, appears to be economically unacceptable. On the other hand the experience from accidents and also from failed impact tests shows that transitions can be a risk to traffic safety. Therefore criteria for the distinction between transitions (impact test required/impact test unnecessary) are explained. In order to distinguish transitions which do not have to be impact-tested from those that require impact tests, criteria were developed and formulated.
In recent years special attention has been paid to reducing the number of fatalities resulting from road traffic accidents. The ambitious target to cut in half the number of road users who are killed each year by 2010 compared with the 2001 figures, as set out in the European White Paper "European Transport Policy for 2010: Time to Decide" implies a general approach covering all kinds of road users. Much has been achieved, e.g. in relation to the safety of car passengers and pedestrians but PTW accidents still represent a significant proportion of fatal road accidents. More than 6,000 motorcyclists die annually on European roads which amounts to 16% of the EU-15 road fatalities. The European Commission therefore launched in 2004 a Sub- Project dealing with motorcycle accidents within an Integrated Project called APROSYS (Advanced PROtection SYStems) forming part of the 6th Framework Programme. In a first step, the combined national statistical data collections of Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain were analysed. Amongst other things parameters like accident location, road conditions, road alignment and injury severity have been explored. The main focus of the analysis was on serious and fatal motorcycle accidents and the results showed similar trends in all four countries. From these results 7 accident scenarios were selected for further investigation via such in-depth databases as the DEKRA database, the GIDAS 2002 database, the COST 327 database and the Dutch element of the MAIDS database. Three tasks, namely the study of PTW collisions with passenger cars, PTW accidents involving road infrastructure features, and motorcyclist protective devices have been assessed and these will concentrate inter alia on accident causes, rider kinematics and injury patterns. A detailed literature review together with the findings of the in-depths database analysis is presented in the paper. Conclusions are drawn and the further stages of the project are highlighted.
Topics of this report are: Securing mobility and making mobility sustainable - Strategies for road safety: Safe behavior, Safe vehicles, Safe infrastructure, Telematics, International vehicle-engineering measures " Accident statistics " Accident research " Passive vehicle safety " Active vehicle safety " Driver assistance systems " Environmental protection through vehicle engineering.
The field of safety in road tunnels has always been an important issue for operators, owners and the responsible authorities. After the tunnel accidents in 1999 the subject gained however in importance. On European level the Directive 2004/54 EC on "Minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the Trans European Road network" has been published. This guideline has to be implemented into national law by all Member States. According to the guideline all Member States of the European Community shall develop a methodology for risk analyses to be applied in certain cases. For Germany, a standardized methodology for a probabilistic quantitative risk assessment has been worked out.
The purpose of this paper is to review injuries found in real world lateral collisions and determine the mechanisms responsible for certain kinds of biomechanical failure. During the last years the distribution of deaths among the different types of accidents has changed. Lateral collisions now are the most frequent cause of fatal and other serious injuries. Every third accident is an impact from the side, while every second fatality is the result of a lateral accident. Just a few years ago this value was no higher than 30%. This is probably the result of increasing safety standards for frontal collisions (airbags, seatbelt usage, structural improvements of cars, etc.). Although the number of registered vehicles increased, the total amount of fatalities decreased during the same period. Thus it is now necessary to pay greater attention to the lateral accident situation in order to improve road safety and decrease the number of traffic injuries. Several European organisations had decided to launch the project SID2000, which was funded by the European Commission, with the intention of gathering more knowledge on injuries occurring in lateral accidents and the mechanisms that lead to such injuries. This should enable the group to define the requirements for a new side impact dummy (SID) to be designed. Within the same project the existing TNO-EUROSID 1 was enhanced by another group and the experience gained has now enabled allowed to design a better measuring device for side impacts. The data used for this contribution came from sources from all over Europe and had to be gathered in such a manner that as many accident parameters as possible were taken into account.
In the paper it is investigated to what extend one can extrapolate the detailed accident database GIDAS (German In-Depth Accident Study), with survey area Hanover and Dresden region, to accident behavior in other regions and countries within Europe and how such an extrapolation can be implemented and evaluated. Moreover, it is explored what extent of accident data for the target country is necessary for such an extrapolation and what can be done in situations with sparse and low accident information in a target region. It will be shown that a direct transfer of GIDAS injury outcomes to other regions does not lead to satisfactory results. But based on GIDAS and using statistical decision tree methods, an extrapolation methodology will be presented which allows for an adequate prediction of the distribution of injury severity in severe traffic accidents for European countries. The method consists essentially of a separation of accidents into well-described subgroups of accidents within which the accident severity distribution does not vary much over different regions. In contrast the distribution over the various subgroups of accidents typically is rather different between GIDAS and the target. For the separation into the subgroups meaningful accident parameters (like accident type, traffic environment, type of road etc.) have been selected. The developed methodology is applied to GIDAS data for the years 1999-2012 and is evaluated with police accident data for Sweden (2002 to 2012) and the United Kingdom (2004 to 2010). It is obtained that the extrapolation proposal has good to very good predictive power in the category of severe traffic accidents. Moreover, it is shown that iterative proportional fitting enables the developed extrapolation method to lead to a satisfactory extrapolation of accident outcomes even to target regions with sparse accident information. As an important potential application of the developed methodology the a priori extrapolation of effects of (future) safety systems, the operation of which can only be well assessed on the basis of very detailed GIDAS accident data, is presented. Based on the evaluation of the presented extrapolation method it will be shown that GIDAS very well represents severe accidents, i.e. accidents with at least one severely or fatally injured person involved, for other countries in Europe. The developed extrapolation method reaches its limits in cases for which only very little accident information is available for the target region.