Konferenzveröffentlichung
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- Konferenzveröffentlichung (637) (entfernen)
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- injury) (53)
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- Unterhaltung (16)
- Auffahrunfall (15)
- Digital model (15)
- Drunkenness (15)
- Leg (human) (15)
- Maintenance (15)
- Mathematical model (15)
- Medical aspects (15)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (15)
- Modification (15)
- Numerisches Modell (15)
- Rear end collision (15)
- Road construction (15)
- Sachschaden (15)
- Straßenbau (15)
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- Verformung (15)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (15)
- Arzneimittel (14)
- Bemessung (14)
- Damage (14)
- Driver training (14)
- Error (14)
- Highway (14)
- Medication (14)
- Norm (tech) (14)
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- Straßennetz (14)
- Veränderung (14)
- Adolescent (13)
- Airbag (13)
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- Design (overall design) (13)
- Einstellung (psychol) (13)
- Human factor (13)
- Illness (13)
- Information (13)
- Instandsetzung (13)
- Jugendlicher (13)
- Krankheit (13)
- Lkw (13)
- Menschlicher Faktor (13)
- Metal bridge (13)
- Politik (13)
- Stahlbrücke (13)
- Standardization (13)
- Transport infrastructure (13)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (13)
- Antikollisionssystem (12)
- Ausrüstung (12)
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- Detection (12)
- Driver information (12)
- Equipment (12)
- Fahrausbildung (12)
- Fahrzeugsitz (12)
- Fehler (12)
- Impact study (12)
- Kontrolle (12)
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- Policy (12)
- Road user (12)
- Schutzhelm (12)
- Skill (road user) (12)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (12)
- Überschlagen (12)
- Attitude (psychol) (11)
- Bein (menschl) (11)
- Braking (11)
- Collision avoidance system (11)
- Condition survey (11)
- Cost benefit analysis (11)
- Crash helmet (11)
- Expert opinion (11)
- Gutachten (11)
- Knotenpunkt (11)
- Medical examination (11)
- Orthotropic plate (11)
- Rigid pavement (11)
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- Verwaltung (11)
- Administration (10)
- Age (10)
- Air pollution (10)
- Alter (10)
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- Betonstraße (Oberbau) (10)
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- Rissbildung (10)
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- Surveillance (10)
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- Technology (10)
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- Weather (10)
- Zustandsbewertung (10)
- Air bag (restraint system) (9)
- Austria (9)
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- Blood alcohol content (9)
- Blutalkoholgehalt (9)
- Boden (9)
- Chemical analysis (9)
- Classification (9)
- Compatibility (9)
- Concrete (9)
- Detektion (9)
- Erdarbeiten (9)
- Front (9)
- Interior (veh) (9)
- Japan (9)
- Krankenhaus (9)
- Life cycle (9)
- Lärm (9)
- Motorway (9)
- Noise (9)
- Organisation (9)
- Soil (9)
- Specification (standard) (9)
- Stickoxid (9)
- Straßenverkehr (9)
- Technische Vorschriften (Kraftfahrzeug) (9)
- Umwelt (9)
- Wirbelsäule (9)
- Witterung (9)
- Österreich (9)
- Automatic (8)
- Bauwerk (8)
- Beton (8)
- Chemische Analyse (8)
- Decke (Straße) (8)
- Environment (8)
- Erfahrung (menschl) (8)
- Erste Hilfe (8)
- Experience (human) (8)
- Fahreignung (8)
- Fahrstabilität (8)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (8)
- Fracture (bone) (8)
- Führerschein (8)
- Grenzwert (8)
- Hospital (8)
- Human body (8)
- Information documentation (8)
- Junction (8)
- Klassifizierung (8)
- Knee (human) (8)
- Knochenbruch (8)
- Limit (8)
- Menschlicher Körper (8)
- Mobility (8)
- Mobilität (8)
- Oberflächentextur (8)
- Official approval (8)
- Quality assurance (8)
- Qualitätssicherung (8)
- Software (8)
- Surface texture (8)
- USA (8)
- Vehicle handling (8)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (8)
- Wasser (8)
- Water (8)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (8)
- Blood (7)
- Blut (7)
- Brücken Management System (7)
- Driving licence (7)
- Eigenschaft (7)
- Engineering structure (7)
- Fahrgeschicklichkeit (7)
- Frau (7)
- Halswirbel (7)
- Impact test (7)
- Ort (Position) (7)
- Orthotrope Fahrbahntafel (7)
- Probability (7)
- Properties (7)
- Psychologie (7)
- Psychology (7)
- Quality (7)
- Qualität (7)
- Reaction (human) (7)
- Rehabilitation (7)
- Road traffic (7)
- Sichtbarkeit (7)
- Straßenentwurf (7)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (7)
- Traffic regulations (7)
- Sichtbarkeit (7)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (7)
- Welding (7)
- Abbiegen (6)
- Attention (6)
- Aufmerksamkeit (6)
- Bicycle (6)
- Bremse (6)
- Bridge deck (6)
- Bridge management system (6)
- Cervical vertebrae (6)
- China (6)
- Continuous (6)
- Correlation (math, stat) (6)
- Crashtest (6)
- Decision process (6)
- Drainage (6)
- Echtzeit (6)
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- Entwässerung (6)
- Fahrbahntafel (6)
- Fahrrad (6)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (6)
- Finite element method (6)
- First aid (6)
- Fuge (6)
- Genauigkeit (6)
- Gesetzesdurchführung (6)
- Highway design (6)
- Impact sled (6)
- India (6)
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- Joint (structural) (6)
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- Kontinuierlich (6)
- Kosten (6)
- Kraftfahrzeug (6)
- Laboratorium (6)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Fahrer) (6)
- Location (6)
- Main road (6)
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- Night (6)
- Oberfläche (6)
- Perception (6)
- Portugal (6)
- Reaktionsverhalten (6)
- Real time (6)
- Schutzeinrichtung (6)
- Schweden (6)
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- Surface (6)
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- Temperature (6)
- United Kingdom (6)
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- Vorn (6)
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- Wirtschaftlichkeit (6)
- Woman (6)
- Addiction (5)
- Analyse (Math) (5)
- Angle (5)
- Arbeitsgruppe (5)
- Aufprallschlitten (5)
- Automatische Notbremsung (5)
- Baumusterzulassung (5)
- Bauweise (5)
- Beam (5)
- Beschichtung (5)
- Body (car) (5)
- Brake (5)
- Coating (5)
- Communication (5)
- Construction method (5)
- Corrosion (5)
- Cost (5)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (5)
- Delivery vehicle (5)
- EU directive (5)
- Eins (5)
- Electric vehicle (5)
- Electronic stability program (5)
- Elektrofahrzeug (5)
- Emissionskontrolle (5)
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- Fahrtüchtigkeit (5)
- Festigkeit (5)
- Fire (5)
- Forschungsbericht (5)
- France (5)
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- Griffigkeit (5)
- Intelligent transport system (5)
- Kamera (5)
- Karosserie (5)
- Kommunikation (5)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (5)
- Korrosion (5)
- Laboratory (not an organization) (5)
- Landstraße (5)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (5)
- Modell (5)
- Nanotechnologie (5)
- Nanotechnology (5)
- Oberbau (5)
- Offender (5)
- One (5)
- Oxid (5)
- Oxide (5)
- Pavement (5)
- Police (5)
- Polizei (5)
- Post crash (5)
- Rehabilitation (road user) (5)
- Reinforcement (gen) (5)
- Research report (5)
- Risk taking (5)
- Rural road (5)
- Schallpegel (5)
- Schutz (5)
- Sound level (5)
- Specification (Standard) (5)
- Stahl (5)
- Steel (5)
- Strength (mater) (5)
- Stress (5)
- Süchtigkeit (5)
- Titan (5)
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- Umweltschutz (5)
- Vegetation (5)
- Verstärkung (allg) (5)
- Winkel (5)
- Working group (5)
- Abdomen (4)
- Accuracy (4)
- Adaptation (psychol) (4)
- Alcohol test (4)
- Alkoholtest (4)
- Anpassung (psychol) (4)
- Asphaltstraße (Oberbau) (4)
- Autonomous emergency braking (4)
- Balken (4)
- Baustoff (4)
- Berufsausübung (4)
- Bicyclist (4)
- Blech (4)
- Camera (4)
- Carriageway (4)
- Coefficient of friction (4)
- Collision test (veh) (4)
- Compliance (specif) (4)
- Composite bridge (4)
- Concentration (chem) (4)
- Contact (tyre road) (4)
- Contract (4)
- Cycle track (4)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (4)
- Digitale Bildverarbeitung (4)
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- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (4)
- Emission (4)
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- Environment protection (4)
- Ermüdung (mater) (4)
- Estimation (4)
- European Union (4)
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- Psychological aspects (4)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (4)
- Public transport (4)
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- Überholen (4)
- Abdichtung (3)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (Unfall) (3)
- Ablenkung (psychol) (3)
- Accident proneness (3)
- Accompanied driving (3)
- Activity report (3)
- Advanced driver assistance system (3)
- Aggression (psychol) (3)
- Animal (3)
- Auftrag (3)
- Ausbesserung (3)
- Ausdehnung (mater) (3)
- Australia (3)
- Australien (3)
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- Autonomous vehicle (3)
- Bauwerksmonitoring (3)
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- Begleitetes Fahren (3)
- Behinderter (3)
- Bein (3)
- Beinahe Unfall (3)
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- Blickfeld (3)
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- Bus (3)
- CEN (3)
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- Case law (3)
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- Chromatographie (3)
- Chromatography (3)
- Crash test (3)
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- Czech Republic (3)
- Data base (3)
- Data processing (3)
- Datenverarbeitung (3)
- Datenübertragung (telekom) (3)
- EU-Richtlinie (3)
- Effectiveness (3)
- Electronic driving aid (3)
- Elektronische Fahrhilfe (3)
- Emergency (3)
- Empfindlichkeit (3)
- Ergonomics (3)
- Event data recorder (road vehicle) (3)
- Expansion (3)
- Experimental road (3)
- Extrication (3)
- Fahrbahnmarkierung (3)
- Fahrbahnüberquerung (3)
- Fahrsimulator (3)
- Fahrzeugrückhaltesystem (3)
- Fatigue (human) (3)
- Fatigue (mater) (3)
- Field of vision (3)
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- Flexible pavement (3)
- Frequenz (3)
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- Alcohol (2)
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- Anthropmetric dummy (2)
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- Dreidimensional (2)
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Institut
A legform impactor with biofidelic characteristics (FlexPLI) which is being developed by the Japanese Automobile Research Institute (JARI) is being considered as a test tool for legislation within a proposed Global Technical Regulation on pedestrian protection (UNECE, 2006) and therefore being evaluated by the Technical Evaluation Group (TEG) of GRSP. In previous built levels it already showed good test results on real cars as well as under idealised test conditions but also revealed further need for improvement. A research study at the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) deals with the question on how leg injury risks of modern car fronts can be revealed, reflected and assessed by the FlexPLI and how the impactor can be used and implemented as a legislative instrument for the type approval of cars according to current and future legislations on pedestrian protection. The latest impactor built level (GTα ) is being evaluated by a general review and assessment of the certification procedure, the knee joint biofidelity and the currently proposed injury criteria. Furthermore, the usability, robustness and durability as a test tool for legislation is examined and an assessment of leg injuries is made by a series of tests with the FlexPLI on real cars with modern car front shapes as well as under idealised test conditions. Finally, a comparison is made between the FlexPLI and the current european legislation tool, the legform impactor according to EEVC WG 17.
The use of proper child restraint systems (CRS) is mandatory for children travelling in cars in most countries of the world. The analysis of the quantity of restrained children shows that more than 90% of the children in Germany are restrained. Looking at the quality of the protection, a large discrepancy between restrained and well protected children can be seen. Two out of three children in Germany are not properly restrained. In addition, considerable difference exists with respect to the technical performance of CRS. For that reason investigations and optimisations on two different topics are necessary: The technical improvement of CRS and the ease of use of CRS. Consideration of the knowledge gained by the comparison of different CRS in crash tests would lead to some improvements of the CRS. But improvement of child safety is not only a technical issue. People should use CRS in the correct way. Misuse and incorrect handling could lead to less safety than correct usage of a poor CRS. For that reason new technical issues are necessary to improve the child safety AND the ease of use. Only the combination of both parts can significantly increase child safety. For the assessment of the safety level of common CRS, frontal and lateral sled tests simulating different severity levels were conducted comparing pairs of CRS which were felt to be good and CRS which were felt to be poor. The safety of some CRS is currently at a high level. All well known products were not damaged in the performed tests. The performance of non-branded CRS was mostly worse than that of the well known products. Although the branded child restraint systems already show a high safety level it is still possible to further improve their technical performance as demonstrated with a baby shell and a harness type CRS.
As set out in the Terms of Reference, the objective of European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) Working Group (WG) 15 Car Crash Compatibility and Frontal Impact is to develop a test procedure(s) with associated performance criteria for car frontal impact compatibility. This work should lead to improved car to car frontal compatibility and self protection without decreasing the safety in other impact configuration such as impacts with car sides, trucks, and pedestrians. Since 2003, EEVC WG 15 served as a steering group for the car-to-car activities in the "Improvement of Vehicle Crash Compatibility through the development of Crash Test Procedures" (VC-COMPAT) project that was finalised at the end of 2006 and partly funded by the European Commission. This paper presents the research work carried out in the VC-COMPAT project and the results of its assessment by EEVC WG 15. Other additional work presented by the UK and French governments and industry " in particular the European industry - was taken into consideration. It also identifies current issues with candidate testing approaches. The candidate test approaches are: - an offset barrier test with the progressive deformable barrier (PDB) face in combination with a full width rigid barrier test - a full width wall test with a deformable aluminium honeycomb face and a high resolution load cell wall supplemented by the forces measured in the offset deformable barrier (ODB) test with the current EEVC barrier. These candidate test approaches must assess the structural interaction and give information of frontal force levels and compartment strength for passenger vehicles. Further, this paper presents the planned route map of EEVC WG 15 for the evaluation of the proposed test procedures and assessment criteria.
At the 2005 ESV conference, the International Harmonisation of Research Activities (IHRA) side impact working group proposed a 4 part draft test procedure, to form the basis of harmonisation of regulation world-wide and to help advances in car occupant protection. This paper presents the work performed by a European Commission 6th framework project, called APROSYS, an further development and evaluation of the proposed procedure from a European perspective. The 4 parts of the proposed procedure are: - A Mobile Deformable Barrier test; - An oblique Pole side impact test; - Interior headform tests; - Side Out of Position (OOP) tests. Full scale test and modelling work to develop the Advanced European Mobile Deformable Barrier (AE-MDB) further is described, resulting in a recommendation to revise the barrier face to include a bumper beam element. An evaluation of oblique and perpendicular pole tests was made from tests and numerical simulations using ES-2 and WorldSID 50th percentile dummies. It was concluded that an oblique pole test is feasible but that a perpendicular test would be preferable for Europe. The interior headform test protocol was evaluated to assess its repeatability and reproducibility and to solve issues such as the head impact angle and limitation zones. Recommendations for updates to the test protocol are made. Out-of-position (OOP) tests applicable for the European situation were performed, which included additional tests with Child Restraint Systems (CRS) which use is mandatory in Europe. It was concluded that the proposed IHRA OOP tests do cover the worst case situations, but the current test protocol is not ready for regulatory use.
The PDB, BASt and Opel conducted two test series to evaluate possible effects on the results obtained using the EEVC WG17 Lower Legform Impactor as a test tool for the assessment of pedestrian safety. The reproducibility and repeatability of the test results were assessed using six legform impactors while keeping the test parameters constant. In the second series one impactor was used and the test parameters were varied to assess the effects on the readings of the legform. The test parameters were velocity, temperature, relative humidity, the point of first contact regarding the deviation in z-direction and the deviations of the pitch, roll and yaw angle. The tests were performed using an inverse setup, i.e. the legform was hit by a guided linear impactor equipped with a honeycomb deformation element. This setup was chosen to be able to vary each single parameter while avoiding variations of the other test parameters at the same time. The test parameters were varied stronger than allowed in regulatory use in order to determine possible dependencies between the parameters and the readings which were acceleration, bending angle and shear displacement.
The GRSP informal group on child restraint systems (CRS) finalised phase 1 of a new regulation for the homologation of CRS . This regulation is the subject of several discussions concerning the safety benefits and the advantages and disadvantages that certain specific points may bring. However, these discussions are sometimes not based on scientific facts and do not consider the whole package but only single items. Based on the experience of the CASPER partners in the fields of human behaviour, accident analysis, test procedures and biomechanics in the area of child safety, a consideration of the safety benefits of phase 1 of the new regulation and recommendations for phase 2 will be given.
The objective was to develop and validate a crash trolley (reference vehicle) equipped with a compartment and a full restraint system for driver and front seat passenger which can be used in full scale crash testing. Furthermore, the crash trolley should have a suspension to show rotation and nick effects similar to real vehicles. Within the development phase the reference vehicle was build based on a European family car. Special attention was needed to provide appropriate strength to the trolley and its suspension. The reference vehicle is equipped with a restraint system consisting of airbags, pedals, seats, dashboard, and windscreen. On the front of the vehicle different crash barriers can be installed to provide miscellaneous deceleration pulses. For the validation phase a series of low and high speed crash tests with HIII dummies were conducted and compared with full scale tests. For the comparison deceleration pulse, dummy numbers and vehicle movement were analyzed. Validation tests with velocities up to 60 km/h showed promising results. The compartment and the suspension systems stayed stable. Rotation effects were comparable with full scale car crash tests. The airbags and seat belt system worked reasonable. The acceleration pulse compared to an Euro NCAP test had a similar characteristic but was in general slightly lower. After the successful validation the reference vehicle is already in use in different studies in the field of vehicle safety research at BASt.
Topics of the status report are: Road accidents in Germany " Socio-economic costs due to road traffic accidents in Germany " Vehicle population and road performance " Electromobility " Alternative power train technologies: market penetration and consequences. The following research subjects are presented: Safety of electric vehicles " Driving dynamics of electric propelled vehicles " New requirements for the periodic technical inspection of electric and hybrid vehicles " Forward looking safety systems " Periodic roadworthiness tests " Cooperative systems: integration of existing systems " Safety related traffic information " Urban space: User oriented assistance systems and network management " Automated driving " Study on camera-monitor-systems " Freight transport " BioRID TEG, dummy harmonization " Frontal impact and compatibility " Child safety " FlexPLI " GIDAS: a blueprint for worldwide in-depth road accident investigations " Druid: Driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicines " Smoke and toxicity in bus fires.
Although the bus belongs to the safest traffic means, single accidents can be particularly severe and concern many passengers. Especially in case of fires a high number of injured and killed persons can be the outcome. Fire safety of buses therefore is of high importance. With the increase of synthetic and plastic materials as a material for the interior equipment of buses and coaches because of their ood mechanical properties combined with low weight, the question arises whether the safety level has decreased in case of a fire during the last years - also compared to other means of transport. Because of the combustible plastics and their ability to release a high amount of heat the main fire load in buses is no longer the fuel but the plastic materials which are also often easy to ignite. Besides the flammability of the equipments, the production of smoke, the smoke development and propagation and its toxicity for the people as well as the testing methods and limit values are of interest. For those reasons research projects were initiated on behalf of the German Federal Highway Research Institute. At the one hand the fire behavior of coach interiors was examined in general focusing on fire propagation as well as fire detection and signalling. As result, recommendations with regard to early fire detection systems for the engine compartments and on-board extinguishing equipment were elaborated. At the other hand research is carried out to examine heat release, smoke, smoke propagation and its toxicity due to burning bus interior materials. The paper describes which effective and economically reasonable fire safety requirements for interiors of buses would improve the current situation. Proposals for amendments of current requirements are recommended including the specification of appropriate limit values. In particular, it is taken into consideration which reasonable fire safety standards from other transport sectors, especially the rail sector, should be transferred to buses.
Since integrated safety systems combine active and passive safety elements in one safety system, it is necessary to define new procedures to evaluate vehicle safety from the overall system point of view. The main goal of the ASSESS project is to develop harmonized and standardized assessment procedures for collision mitigation and avoidance systems. Methods and Data Sources: In ASSESS, procedures are developed for: driver behaviour evaluation, pre-crash system performance evaluation, crash performance evaluation, socio-economic assessment. This paper will concentrate on the activities related to the crash evaluation. The objective is to perform simulations, sled tests and crash tests in order tounderstand the influence of the activation of the pre-crash systems on the occupants" injuries during the crash phase. When a traffic accident is unavoidable, pre-crash systems work on various safety devices in order to improve the vehicle occupants" protection. Braking assistance and adaptive restraint systems are the main pre-crash systems whose effect on the occupants" protection will be described in this paper. Results: The results will be a description of the effect of the activation of the pre-crash systems on the crash phase. Additionally, a set of recommendations for future methodology developments will be delivered. Furthermore, a first approach to the study of the effect of the pre-crash systems activation on the occupants" protection when the impact is unavoidable will be presented. This effect will be quantified using the biomechanical values obtained from the simulation and testing activities and their related injury risks. Simulation and testing activities will consider the following scenarios: - No activation of any pre-crash system, - Activation of one or a combination of several pre-crash systems. In this way, differences in the results obtained from different scenarios will show the effect of each pre-crash system separately during the crash phase. Discussion and Limitations: The set of activities developed in this research project is limited by the fact that with the given resources only a limited number of vehicle models could be investigated. In addition, there are also limitations related to the injury risk curves and the passive safety tools currently on the market. Conclusion and Relevance to session submitted: The paper will present a complete analysis of the effect of pre-crash systems during the crash phase when the impact is unavoidable. Details, limitations and first application experience based on a few examples will be discussed. Currently, there is not any regulation, assessment program, or other similar official procedure able to assess pre-crash systems during the crash phase. This project comprises phases of traffic accidents which have been historically analysed separately, and aims to evaluate them taking into account their interrelationship. ASSESS is one of the first European projects which deals in depth with the concept of integrated safety, defining methodologies to analyse vehicle safety from a global point of view.