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Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (404) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (324)
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- Analysis (math) (63)
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- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (59)
- Severity (accid, injury) (57)
- Tödlicher Unfall (56)
- Fatality (55)
- Safety (54)
- Sicherheit (53)
- Reconstruction (accid) (52)
- Bewertung (50)
- Evaluation (assessment) (49)
- Simulation (49)
- Datenbank (46)
- Fußgänger (45)
- Pedestrian (45)
- injury) (45)
- On the spot accident investigation (43)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (43)
- Verletzung) (43)
- Car (42)
- Data acquisition (42)
- Datenerfassung (42)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (42)
- Severity (accid (40)
- Cause (39)
- Driver (39)
- Ursache (39)
- Fahrer (37)
- Fahrzeug (37)
- Unfallverhütung (36)
- Collision (35)
- Vehicle (35)
- Zusammenstoß (35)
- Anfahrversuch (34)
- Accident prevention (31)
- Radfahrer (31)
- Cyclist (30)
- Data bank (30)
- Accident reconstruction (29)
- Test (29)
- Europa (28)
- Europe (28)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (28)
- Prüfverfahren (28)
- Test method (28)
- Head on collision (27)
- Motorcyclist (27)
- Motorradfahrer (27)
- Versuch (27)
- Geschwindigkeit (26)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (25)
- Impact test (veh) (25)
- Method (25)
- Speed (25)
- Active safety system (24)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (24)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (23)
- Risiko (23)
- Verfahren (23)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (22)
- Insasse (22)
- Driver assistance system (21)
- Efficiency (21)
- PKW (21)
- Alte Leute (20)
- Passive safety system (20)
- Pkw (20)
- Interview (19)
- Old people (19)
- Risk (19)
- Vehicle occupant (19)
- Child (17)
- Kind (17)
- Prevention (17)
- Accident rate (16)
- Benutzung (16)
- Improvement (16)
- Sicherheitsgurt (16)
- Use (16)
- Verbesserung (16)
- Anthropometric dummy (15)
- Behaviour (15)
- Biomechanics (15)
- Biomechanik (15)
- Motorrad (15)
- Risikobewertung (15)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (15)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (15)
- Verhalten (15)
- Berechnung (14)
- Database (14)
- Head (14)
- Kopf (14)
- Measurement (14)
- Messung (14)
- Motorcycle (14)
- Risk assessment (14)
- Safety belt (14)
- Side impact (14)
- Specifications (14)
- Calculation (13)
- Digital model (13)
- Driving aptitude (13)
- Leg (human) (13)
- Numerisches Modell (13)
- Richtlinien (13)
- Verminderung (13)
- Auffahrunfall (12)
- Brustkorb (12)
- Decrease (12)
- Development (12)
- Dummy (12)
- Entwicklung (12)
- Fahrzeugsitz (12)
- Rear end collision (12)
- Rechenmodell (12)
- Überschlagen (12)
- Airbag (11)
- Error (11)
- Fahrzeugführung (11)
- Human factor (11)
- Legislation (11)
- Mathematical model (11)
- Menschlicher Faktor (11)
- Prognose (11)
- Schutzhelm (11)
- Seat (veh) (11)
- Skill (road user) (11)
- Bremsung (10)
- Crash helmet (10)
- Driving (veh) (10)
- EU (10)
- Fahranfänger (10)
- Fehler (10)
- Gesetzgebung (10)
- Overturning (veh) (10)
- Recently qualified driver (10)
- Thorax (10)
- Tunnel (10)
- Air bag (restraint system) (9)
- Austria (9)
- Bein (menschl) (9)
- Braking (9)
- Deformation (9)
- Driver training (9)
- Front (9)
- Instandsetzung (9)
- Japan (9)
- Krankenhaus (9)
- Lorry (9)
- Metal bridge (9)
- Modification (9)
- Orthotropic plate (9)
- Planning (9)
- Repair (9)
- Sachschaden (9)
- Stahlbrücke (9)
- Verhütung (9)
- Veränderung (9)
- Österreich (9)
- Age (8)
- Alter (8)
- Bemessung (8)
- Blood alcohol content (8)
- Blutalkoholgehalt (8)
- Bridge (8)
- Damage (8)
- Drunkenness (8)
- Forecast (8)
- Hospital (8)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (8)
- Planung (8)
- Road network (8)
- Straßennetz (8)
- Trunkenheit (8)
- Verformung (8)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (8)
- Wirbelsäule (8)
- Antikollisionssystem (7)
- Belastung (7)
- Blood (7)
- Blut (7)
- Cracking (7)
- Design (overall design) (7)
- Einstellung (psychol) (7)
- Erste Hilfe (7)
- Erziehung (7)
- Expert opinion (7)
- Fahrausbildung (7)
- Fahreignung (7)
- Fracture (bone) (7)
- Frau (7)
- Gutachten (7)
- Illness (7)
- Impact study (7)
- International (7)
- Knee (human) (7)
- Knochenbruch (7)
- Krankheit (7)
- Load (7)
- Medical examination (7)
- Policy (7)
- Politik (7)
- Rissbildung (7)
- Standardisierung (7)
- Transport infrastructure (7)
- USA (7)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (7)
- Adolescent (6)
- Air pollution (6)
- Attitude (psychol) (6)
- Cervical vertebrae (6)
- Chemical analysis (6)
- Chemische Analyse (6)
- China (6)
- Collision avoidance system (6)
- Cost benefit analysis (6)
- Detection (6)
- Education (6)
- Fahrgeschicklichkeit (6)
- Halswirbel (6)
- Human body (6)
- Impact test (6)
- India (6)
- Indien (6)
- Interior (veh) (6)
- Jugendlicher (6)
- Knie (menschl) (6)
- Knotenpunkt (6)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Fahrer) (6)
- Luftverunreinigung (6)
- Menschlicher Körper (6)
- Nitrogen oxide (6)
- Ort (Position) (6)
- Orthotrope Fahrbahntafel (6)
- Portugal (6)
- Road construction (6)
- Software (6)
- Spinal column (6)
- Standardization (6)
- Steifigkeit (6)
- Stiffness (6)
- Straßenbau (6)
- Traffic (6)
- Verkehr (6)
- Vorn (6)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (6)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (6)
- Woman (6)
- Analyse (Math) (5)
- Angle (5)
- Bau (5)
- Bearing capacity (5)
- Bremse (5)
- Brücke (5)
- Classification (5)
- Construction (5)
- Correlation (math, stat) (5)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (5)
- Decision process (5)
- Delivery vehicle (5)
- Detektion (5)
- Droge (5)
- Drugs (5)
- Durability (5)
- Eins (5)
- Electronic stability program (5)
- Entscheidungsprozess (5)
- Fahrstabilität (5)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (5)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (5)
- Finite element method (5)
- First aid (5)
- Forschungsarbeit (5)
- France (5)
- Frankreich (5)
- Highway (5)
- Information (5)
- Klassifizierung (5)
- Location (5)
- Main road (5)
- Medical aspects (5)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (5)
- Mobility (5)
- Mobilität (5)
- Oberfläche (5)
- One (5)
- Post crash (5)
- Research project (5)
- Schweissen (5)
- Sensor (5)
- Stickoxid (5)
- Straße (5)
- Surface (5)
- Surfacing (5)
- Technologie (5)
- Technology (5)
- Tragfähigkeit (5)
- United Kingdom (5)
- Vehicle handling (5)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (5)
- Welding (5)
- Winkel (5)
- Abdomen (4)
- Alcohol test (4)
- Alkoholtest (4)
- Arbeitsgruppe (4)
- Autobahn (4)
- Automatisch (4)
- Balken (4)
- Beam (4)
- Berufsausübung (4)
- Bicycle (4)
- Blech (4)
- Boden (4)
- Brake (4)
- Camera (4)
- Coefficient of friction (4)
- Collision test (veh) (4)
- Compatibility (4)
- Concentration (chem) (4)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (4)
- Distraction (4)
- Driver information (4)
- Dynamics (4)
- Dynamik (4)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (4)
- Estimation (4)
- Fahrdatenschreiber (4)
- Fahrrad (4)
- Fahrtüchtigkeit (4)
- Fire (4)
- Geschichte (4)
- History (4)
- Impact sled (4)
- Information documentation (4)
- Junction (4)
- Kamera (4)
- Kompatibilität (4)
- Kontrolle (4)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (4)
- LKW (4)
- Lieferfahrzeug (4)
- Life cycle (4)
- Lkw (4)
- Man (4)
- Mann (4)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (4)
- Modell (4)
- Nanotechnologie (4)
- Nanotechnology (4)
- Oberflächentextur (4)
- Occupant (veh) (4)
- Occupation (4)
- Organisation (4)
- Oxid (4)
- Oxide (4)
- Probability (4)
- Quer (4)
- Regression analysis (4)
- Regressionsanalyse (4)
- Reibungsbeiwert (4)
- Reinforcement (gen) (4)
- Reproducibility (4)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (4)
- Rigid pavement (4)
- Risk taking (4)
- Road user (4)
- Schrägseilbrücke (4)
- Schweden (4)
- Seite (4)
- Sheet (metal) (4)
- Sichtbarkeit (4)
- Soil (4)
- Stadt (4)
- Stayed girder bridge (4)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (4)
- Surface texture (4)
- Surveillance (4)
- Titan (4)
- Titanium (4)
- Traffic regulations (4)
- Transverse (4)
- Unfallfolgemaßnahme (4)
- Unterleib (4)
- Urban area (4)
- Verstärkung (allg) (4)
- Sichtbarkeit (4)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (4)
- Working group (4)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (Unfall) (3)
- Ablenkung (psychol) (3)
- Adaptation (psychol) (3)
- Administration (3)
- Advanced driver assistance system (3)
- Anpassung (psychol) (3)
- Arzneimittel (3)
- Attention (3)
- Aufmerksamkeit (3)
- Aufprallschlitten (3)
- Auftrag (3)
- Ausrüstung (3)
- Australia (3)
- Australien (3)
- Automatic (3)
- Autonomes Fahren (3)
- Autonomes Fahrzeug (3)
- Autonomous driving (3)
- Autonomous vehicle (3)
- Befreiung (Bergung) (3)
- Bein (3)
- Beinahe Unfall (3)
- Beschichtung (3)
- Betonstraße (Oberbau) (3)
- Blickfeld (3)
- Brand (3)
- Bridge deck (3)
- Brückenbelag (3)
- Cable (3)
- Case law (3)
- Cement (3)
- Coating (3)
- Concrete (3)
- Contract (3)
- Cost (3)
- Crash test (3)
- Czech Republic (3)
- Decke (Straße) (3)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (3)
- Digitale Bildverarbeitung (3)
- Earthworks (3)
- Effectiveness (3)
- Electric vehicle (3)
- Elektrofahrzeug (3)
- Environment (3)
- Equipment (3)
- Erdarbeiten (3)
- Ermüdung (mater) (3)
- Event data recorder (road vehicle) (3)
- Extrication (3)
- Fahrbahntafel (3)
- Fahrsimulator (3)
- Field of vision (3)
- Financing (3)
- Finanzierung (3)
- Fuge (3)
- Fugenfüllung (3)
- Gefahrenabwehr (3)
- Gemeindeverwaltung (3)
- Genauigkeit (3)
- Gesetzesdurchführung (3)
- Government (national) (3)
- Grenzwert (3)
- Griffigkeit (3)
- Hazard (3)
- Head restraint (3)
- Installation (3)
- Joint (structural) (3)
- Kleidung (3)
- Konzentration (chem) (3)
- Kopfstütze (3)
- Korea (Süd) (Demokratische Republik) (3)
- Kosten (3)
- Langfristig (3)
- Lebenszyklus (3)
- Limit (3)
- Local authority (3)
- Long term (3)
- Medication (3)
- Model (not math) (3)
- Montage (3)
- Motorway (3)
- Near miss (3)
- Netherlands (3)
- Niederlande (3)
- Norm (tech) (3)
- Orthotrope Platte (3)
- Overlapping (3)
- Passenger (3)
- Personal (3)
- Personnel (3)
- Police (3)
- Polizei (3)
- Psychologie (3)
- Psychology (3)
- Public transport (3)
- Reaction (human) (3)
- Reaktionsverhalten (3)
- Rechtsprechung (3)
- Recording (3)
- Rehabilitation (3)
- Rehabilitation (road user) (3)
- Reinforcement (in mater) (3)
- Republic of Korea (3)
- Run off the road (accid) (3)
- Schutzeinrichtung (3)
- Security (3)
- Severity (acid (3)
- Shock (3)
- Simulator (driving) (3)
- Skidding resistance (3)
- Spain (3)
- Spanien (3)
- Specification (standard) (3)
- Steife (Brücke) (3)
- Stiffener (Bridge) (3)
- Straßenverkehr (3)
- Theorie (3)
- Theory (3)
- Tschechische Republik (3)
- Umwelt (3)
- Unfallschwerpunkt (3)
- United kingdom (3)
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- Versuchspuppe (3)
- Verwaltung (3)
- Vorne (3)
- Zement (3)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (3)
- Abbiegen (2)
- Abdichtung (2)
- Acceleration (2)
- Accident black spot (2)
- Accident proneness (2)
- Accuracy (2)
- Adult (2)
- Aggression (psychol) (2)
- Alcohol (2)
- Alkohol (2)
- Anti locking device (2)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (2)
- Audit (2)
- Aufzeichnung (2)
- Automatische Notbremsung (2)
- Autonomous emergency braking (2)
- Ballungsgebiet (2)
- Behinderter (2)
- Beschleunigung (2)
- Beton (2)
- Bewehrung (2)
- Blutkreislauf (2)
- Body (car) (2)
- Bremsweg (2)
- Bridge surfacing (2)
- Budget (2)
- Bus (2)
- CEN (2)
- Chromatographie (2)
- Chromatography (2)
- Circulation (blood) (2)
- Clothing (2)
- Coach (2)
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- Composite bridge (2)
- Condition survey (2)
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- Continuous (2)
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- Crash victim (2)
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- Crossing the road (2)
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- Data base (2)
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- Fahrbahnüberquerung (2)
- Fahrerinformation (2)
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- Haftung (jur) (2)
- Harmonisation (2)
- High performance concrete (2)
- Highway design (2)
- Hinten (2)
- Input data (2)
- Intelligent transport system (2)
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- Kommunikation (2)
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- Lärmschutzwand (2)
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- Methode der finite Elemente (2)
- Mittelwert (2)
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- Nutzwertanalyse (2)
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- Organization (2)
- Organization (association) (2)
- Output (2)
- PVC (2)
- Penetration (2)
- Polyvinylchloride (2)
- Posture (2)
- Privatisierung (2)
- Properties (2)
- Prototyp (2)
- Prototype (2)
- Psychological aspects (2)
- Psychological examination (2)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (2)
- Psychologische Untersuchung (2)
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- Quality (2)
- Qualität (2)
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- Rail traffic (2)
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- Retraining of drivers (2)
- Ringanalyse (2)
- Risikoverhalten (2)
- Road traffic (2)
- Rücksichtslosigkeit (2)
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- Schienenverkehr (2)
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- Turn (2)
- Tyre tread (2)
- Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung (2)
- Unfallneigung (2)
- Unfallopfer (2)
- Unterhaltung (2)
- Value analysis (2)
- Vegetation (2)
- Vehicle regulations (2)
- Verantwortung (2)
- Verbundbrücke (2)
- Vorschrifteneinhaltung (2)
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- Water (2)
- Waterproofing (2)
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- Whiplash injury (2)
- Windschutzscheibe (2)
- Zeit (2)
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- Überlappung (2)
- (menschl) (1)
- Abgaben (1)
- Ability (road user) (1)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (1)
- Ablenkung (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Abstandsregeltempomat (1)
- Acceptability (1)
- Accident data (1)
- Accident prone location (1)
- Accident severity (1)
- Active safety (1)
- Active safety system; Automatic; Brake; Car; Collision avoidance system; Conference; Driver assistance system; Germany; Impact test (veh); Rear end collision; Severity (accid (1)
- Activity report (1)
- Adaptive cruise controll (1)
- Addiction (1)
- Aesthetics (1)
- Aethanol (1)
- Aged people (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aggression (psycho) (1)
- Aggressiveness (psychol) (1)
- Air quality management (1)
- Air traffic control (1)
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- Aktive Sicherheit (1)
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- Analyses (math) (1)
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- Animal (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
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- Beton ; Betonstraße (Oberbau) (1)
- Bevölkerung (1)
- Bicyclist (1)
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- Bone (1)
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- Chest (1)
- Clay (1)
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- Comprehension (1)
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- Computation (1)
- Conference; Germany; Injury; Medical examination; Spinal column; X ray (1)
- Contact (tyre (1)
- Contractor (1)
- Cooperative intelligent transport system (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Costs (1)
- Crash Test (1)
- Critical path method (1)
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Institut
- Sonstige (404) (entfernen)
Introduction: Spine injuries pose a considerable risk to life and quality of life. The total number of road deaths in developed countries has markedly decreased, e.g. in Germany from over 20000 in 1970 to less than 4000 in 2010, but little is known how this is reflected in the burden of spine fractures of motor vehicle users. In this study, we aimed to show the actual incidence of spine injuries among drivers and front passengers and elucidate possible dependencies between crash mechanisms and types of injuries.
Beside numerous information about vehicles injuries and environmental data the GIDAS database contains detailed reconstruction data. This data is calculated by a reconstruction engineer who handles about 1000 accidents per year. The spectrum of one reconstruction ranges from simple crossing accidents to complex run-off accidents with rollover events. Especially for complex accident scenarios there is a large effort to design the environment of the accident scene within PC-Crash ®. To reduce the reconstruction time by maintaining the high quality of reconstruction 3D-geodata can be useful. Geodata is available for nearly every area in Germany and can be used for a fast and detailed creation of complex accident environments. In combination with the accident sketch areal images of the accident scene can be created and the participants are implemented in the new-built 3D-reconstruction environment. As a consequence, the characteristics of the terrain can be considered within the reconstruction which is especially important for run-off accidents.
MANSSEN diskutiert das Generalthema des Forschungsseminars, ob sich "das straßenrechtliche Nutzungsregime" tatsächlich im Umbruch befindet und diagnostiziert eine Gewichtsverschiebung vom Straßenrecht hin zum Straßenverkehrsrecht. Das klassische Straßenrecht habe immer weniger zur Weiterentwicklung des Straßenwesens beizutragen. In diesem Zusammenhang behandelt er auch neue Verkehrskonzepte wie "Simply City" und "Shared Space". SIEGELs Beitrag über Grundrechtsgebrauch auf öffentlichen Straßen verdeutlicht anhand aktueller Beispiele die praktische Bedeutung des Straßenrechts bei der Verwirklichung von Grundrechten. Nach seiner Einschätzung verfügt das Straßenrecht insoweit nach wie vor ein adäquates Steuerungspotenzial. Etwaige Lücken könnten durch das Straßenverkehrsrecht, vor allem aber durch eine ergänzende Heranziehung des Polizeirechts geschlossen werden. Der Beitrag von ENDERLE über "Grenzüberschreitende Infrastrukturen " Planungs- und naturschutzrechtliche Besonderheiten" bezieht sein Anschauungsmaterial von dem Projekt der Fehmarnbelt-Querung. Als typische Abstimmungsprobleme bei der Planung und Genehmigung grenzüberschreitender Projekte behandelt sie namentlich die Frage der Linienbestimmung sowie grenzüberschreitende Verträglichkeitsprüfungen für FFH- und Vogelschutzgebiete. Der abschließende Beitrag von DURNER "Das Netzausbaubeschleunigungsgesetz 2011" stellt dar, dass die in diesem Gesetz geschaffene neue "Fachplanung" des Bundes teils Elemente des Raumordnungsverfahrens, teilweise jedoch auch solche der straßenrechtlichen Linienbestimmung und der standortbezogenen Raumordnungsziele aufweist. Letztlich folgt die Bundesfachplanung im Hinblick auf die Bindungswirkung im Wesentlichen dem Modell des -§ 4 ROG. Das Modell des NABEG mag für den Netzausbau sachgerecht sein, erscheint jedoch im sonstigen Infrastrukturbereich unrealistisch.
Rollovers continue to be a major source of heavy truck fatalities when compared to other accident modes. Real world rollover accidents are analyzed and two distinct damage patterns are identified. Damage to heavy truck roofs can occur from lateral loading that transitions to vertical roof loading as the vehicle rolls onto its side and then over onto its roof. A second load path can occur when the vehicle has rolled onto its side and furrows into the ground generating large longitudinal friction forces between the roof and ground. A review of the previous literature and various test methodologies are presented. A sled impact test methodology is presented which allows for structural assessment of a heavy truck cab's crashworthiness in both of these loading environments. Two test series are presented using the sled impact test methodology in order to analyze real world truck rollovers using varying impact platen and contact angles. The structural deformation and failure patterns were found to be consistent with damage seen in real world accident vehicles. In each case, a second equivalent truck cab was then reinforced and tested under similar conditions to evaluate the energy management and crush resistance of a stronger cab structure. These structural reinforcements demonstrated a substantial reduction in roof crush and protected the survival space of the occupant compartment. The sled impact test procedure is an effective method for testing the structural performance of a heavy truck cab in a variety of loading scenarios comparable to real world accidents and ascertaining the load and energy load levels in these accident modes.
Supervision of the safety performance in public transport is one of the main tasks of the Federal Office of Transport (FOT) in Switzerland. Recently a three level system of safety indicators has been defined to cover all means of Swiss public transport. The safety indicators are fed by the FOT incident database since the year 2000. In cooperation with the Institute for Traffic Safety and Automation Engineering (iVA) at TU Braunschweig, Germany, FOT is developing a suitable methodology for the definition and evaluation of the safety targets in Swiss public transport. The methodology is applied for evaluation of safety indicators on a country level and for single transport companies. In a new approach the abovementioned methodology is applied to car incident data to develop an indicator based cross-modal safety measure.
A concept for Safe-Driving-Trainings with a focus on risky behavior and safety related attitudes has been evaluated. 519 participants have been tested before and after the training by means of a questionnaire with the topics: technical driving competence, awareness of risks, and propensity for anticipation. A control group (131 subjects) was used to check for the possibility of response artifacts. Three months later, 92 members of the treatment group and 25 members of the control group have been tested again. The results show significant positive changes in driving competence, risk awareness, and safety related attitudes, especially anticipation, due to the training. Compared to the control group the participants have become more risk aware and they regard of risk avoiding behavior as more important. The results show that this concept for Safe-Driving-Trainings has not only short-term but, more importantly, long-term positive effects on the safety-relevant attitudes and cognitions of young drivers.
To date, the Trauma Registry (TraumaRegister DGU-® contains data of approximately 100.000 severely injured patients, 65% of which suffered from a road traffic crash. Thus, it is the world's largest data base for severely injured patients. The article describes the development of the registry and explains how it was rolled out over Germany using the established structure of the German Trauma Network (TraumaNetzwerk DGU-®). In addition, this article presents three typical use cases from the fields of quality management, policy making and system-wide interventions, clinical research and injury prevention. In conclusion, the TraumaRegister DGU-® is a well-established tool for various purposes related to the control and reduction of the burden of road injury. Its ongoing expansion to other countries will support the goal of international benchmarking of hospitals and trauma systems.
Police records about traffic accidents like used by IRTAD (International Road Traffic and Accident Database) and CARE (Community Road Accident Database) do not represent all road injuries. For instance, road accidents of bicyclists without a counterpart are usually not reported. Furthermore, IRTAD-like data contains hardly any information on injury outcome and accident circumstances. This information gap leads to an under-representation of the safety concerns of the most vulnerable road users like children and the elderly both in accident research and safety promotion. Injury registration for the European Injury Database (IDB), in turn, combines details of accident causation with diagnostic information that can be used to assess injury severity and long term consequences. The IDB is collecting data from hospital emergency department patients and is being implemented in a growing number of countries. In this article IDB results on mode of transport and injury outcome are presented from a sample of nine EU member states.
Automotive interiors have long been a potentially injurious impact area to occupants during accidents, especially in the absence of adequate padding. The U.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 201, Occupant Protection in Interior Impact, outlines test procedures and performance criteria in order to mitigate potentially injurious head impacts to interior surfaces. FMVSS 201 specifies a finite set of impact locations and applies to passenger vehicles of a specified year range and with a gross vehicle weight rating less than 10,000 lb. In this paper, two head impact test methodologies are presented, a pendulum-test device and a Free Motion Headform (FMH) launching device, which allows for dynamic, repeatable impact evaluation of various vehicle interior surfaces and their impact attenuation abilities. The presented testing includes multiple series that evaluate the effect of differing vehicle upper interior padding on occupant head injury. One study in particular, analyzes a head impact to the side header of a heavy truck (not included in FMVSS 201) during a 90 degree rollover. Additionally, two other series of tests are presented which assess the injury reduction effect of side airbags to near side as well as far side occupants in a side impact scenario. Lastly, a forensic analysis is presented which evaluates two possible head impact locations experienced in a real world accident by analysis of the resulting interior compartment damage utilizing the FMH launching device test method. The data collected and presented includes accelerometer instrumentation and high speed video analysis. These studies demonstrate that adequate padding and airbags are very effective at mitigating head injury potential at impact speeds of 12-25 mph (19-40 kph).
The paper aims to study the injury risk and kinematics of pedestrians involved in different passenger vehicle collisions. Furthermore, the difference of pedestrian kinematics in the accidents involved minivan and sedan was analyzed. The 18 sample cases of passenger car to pedestrian collisions were selected from the database of In-depth Investigation of Vehicle Accident in Changsha of China (IVAC),of which the 12 pedestrian accidents involved in a minivan impact for each case, and the 6 accidents in a sedan impact for each. The selected cases were reconstructed by using mathematical models of pedestrians and accident vehicles in a multi-body dynamic code MADYMO environment. The logistic regression models of the risks for pedestrian AIS 3+ injuries and fatalities were developed in terms of vehicle impact speed by analyzing the minivan-pedestrian and sedan-pedestrian accidents. The difference of pedestrian kinematics was identified by comparing the results from reconstructed pedestrian accidents between the minivans and sedans collisions. The result shows that there is a significant correlation among the impact speed and the severity of pedestrian injuries. The minivan poses greater risk to pedestrian than sedan at the same impact speed. The kinematics of pedestrian was greatly influenced by vehicle front shape.
The misuse of CRS (child restraint system) is one of the most urgent problems in connection of child safety in cars. Numerous field studies show that more than two thirds of all CRS are used in a wrong way. This misuse could lead to serious injuries for the children. Surprisingly the quality of CRS use is coded much better in accident data (e.g. GIDAS) than the results of observatory field studies show. It is expected that misuse of CRS was not detected by the accident teams in a large number of the cases. An essential part in improving child seats and their usability is the knowledge of the relation between misuse and resulting injuries. For that the analysis and experimental reconstruction of accidents is an important part. For allowing an exact experimental accident reconstruction, it is necessary to have detailed information about the securing situation of the child and about the installation of the CRS in the car.
This paper will outline ETSC's contribution to the European Union's road safety policy 2011-2020. It will present some of the main recommendations from ETSC's Blueprint for the 4th Road Safety Action Programme and will introduce the response to the European Commission's Road Safety Policy Orientations 2011-2020 (published July 2010). The second framework document presented is the Transport White Paper (published March 2011). The paper will focus on new targets and the new vision set for Europe's Road Safety policy picking out some issues in particular such as traffic law enforcement and the protection of vulnerable road users. It will argue that by reinforcing the current Road Safety Policy Orientations, the EU will be better placed to reach its new ambitious goal of halving road deaths by 2020 and the longer term zero casualty vision.
Various kinds of demerit point systems have been developed and implemented in European countries, aimed at tackling repeat offences in road transport by acting as a deterrent and providing sanctioning. The impact of a demerit point system on the number of crashes is often reported to be significant, but temporary. The objective of the EU BestPoint project was to establish a set of recommended practices that would result in a more effective and sustainable contribution of demerit point systems to road safety. A high actual chance of losing the licence and a high perceived chance of losing the licence are basic prerequisites for the effective operation of demerit point systems. For measures applied within the context of a demerit point system, a four-step-approach is recommended: warning letter, driver improvement course, licence withdrawal, rehabilitation course. Further recommendations concern issues like points and offences, e.g. which offences should lead to points, target groups, and the administration of demerit point systems. The final result of the EU BestPoint project is a handbook (van Schagen & Machata, 2012) which provides a concise overview of all recommended practices. The presentation/paper outlines how sustainable safety improvements can be achieved if national demerit point systems are implemented and maintained according to the recommended practices. In addition, potential further steps towards an EU-wide demerit point system (cross-border exchange on points and/or offences) are presented.
Herber diskutiert angesichts des Auseinanderklaffens einerseits der aktuellen Verkehrsprognosen " die namentlich auf den Autobahnen von 2004 bis 2025 Verkehrszuwächse von 44 % veranschlagen " und andererseits der finanziellen und ökologischen Begrenzungen der künftigen Verkehrspolitik verschiedene Vorschläge zur Reform der Bundesauftragsverwaltung, der Netzplanung, der Netzbereinigung und der Netzbildung sowie zur besseren Einbindung der Bürger in die Planungsverfahren von Straßeninfrastrukturprojekten. Geigers Beitrag zum planfeststellenden Bebauungsplan gelangt zu einem skeptischen Befund: Nach seiner Einschätzung sprechen insgesamt überwiegende Gründe dafür, Straßenbauvorhaben regelmäßig durch Planfeststellung und nicht durch planfeststellungsersetzenden Bebauungsplan festzusetzen. Insbesondere von dem Instrument des isolierten Straßenbebauungsplans solle nur in Ausnahmefällen Gebrauch gemacht werden. Selbst im Gesamtkontext einer umfassenden städtebaulichen Umgestaltung empfehle sich meist eine zeitlich und inhaltlich aufeinander abgestimmte Planung, bei der sich die Gemeinde auf die städtebaulichen Planungen beschränke und die straßenseitige Planung der Straßenbauverwaltung überlasse. Der Beitrag zu "notwendigen Folgemaßnahmen" von Gaentzsch diagnostiziert trotz einer ganzen Reihe einschlägiger Präjudizen weiterhin erhebliche Rechtsunsicherheiten bei der Anwendung des -§ 75 Absatz 1 Satz 1 und des -§ 78 VwVfG. Skeptisch äußert sich Gaentzsch gegenüber dem Versuch, die Voraussetzungen beider Regelungen weiter gesetzlich zu konkretisieren. Er empfiehlt stattdessen, in Zweifels- oder Streitfällen die gemeinsame oberste Behörde entscheiden zu lassen und zudem die Fehlerfolgenregelung des -§ 75 Absatz 1a VwVfG auch auf Fehler im Bereich der Folgemaßnahmen auszuweiten. Der abschließende Beitrag von Sauthoff zur "Abstufung nicht mehr fernverkehrsrelevanter Bundesfernstraßen" widmet sich einem zentralen verfassungsrechtlichen Streitpunkt des Straßenrechts der letzten Jahrzehnte. Er diskutiert neuere gutachtliche Ausarbeitungen zur Überprüfung des Bundesfernstraßennetzes, die er als Verhandlungsgrundlage zwischen Bund und Ländern ansieht. Die in den Richtlinien für integrierte Netzgestaltung (RIN) vorgesehene Anknüpfung an das raumordnerische Zentrale"Orte"System bei der Klassifizierung des Straßennetzes sei jedoch nur mit Modifikationen möglich; rechtlich entscheidend seien allein die verfassungsrechtlich fundierten Kriterien des -§ 1 Absatz 1 FStrG und damit letztlich die " gegebenenfalls geänderte " Verkehrsbedeutung der Straße. Bei Anwendung dieser Maßstäbe sei grundsätzlich auch eine Weisung des Bundes auf Einziehung zulässig. Einen Bedarf für eine Novellierung des Bundesfernstraßengesetzes verneint der Referent.
Safety of light goods vehicles - findings from the German joint project of BASt, DEKRA, UDV and VDA
(2011)
Light goods vehicles (LGVs) are an important part of the vehicle fleet, providing a vital component in the European transportation system. On the other hand, LGVs are in the focus of public discussion regarding road safety. In order to analyse the accident situation of LGVs in an objective manner, Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt), VDA, DEKRA and German Insurers Accident Research (UDV) launched a joint project. The aim of this project, which will be finished by mid of 2011, is to identify reasonable measures which will further improve the safety of LGVs. For the first time, these partners jointly together conducted a research project and put together their know-how in accident research. Analyses are based on real-life accident data from the GIDAS database, the Accident Database of UDV (UDB), the DEKRA database and national statistics. The findings deliver answers to questions within the arena of future legislative actions and consumer protection activities. The analyses of databases cover areas of primary and secondary safety of LGVs with a special focus on advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), driver behaviour as well as partner and occupant protection. Key figures from national statistics are used to highlight hotspots of accidents of LGVs in Germany. Finally, the proposed countermeasures are assessed regarding their potential effectiveness. Amongst others, the results show that the accident situation of LGVs is very similar to that of passenger cars. Noteworthy variations could be found in collisions with pedestrians, at reversing and regarding accident causes. Occupant safety of LGVs is on a higher level compared to cars. Results indicate that seatbelt use is on a significantly lower level compared to cars. This leads to higher-than-average injury risk for unbelted LGV occupants. When it comes to partner protection, there are problems with compatibility at LGVs. For car occupants there is a very high injury risk when colliding with a LGV. It indicates that higher passive safety test standards for LGVs would be counterproductive if they further increase stiffness of LGVs. The analysis of LGV-pedestrian accidents shows that pedestrian kinematic differs significantly from car-pedestrian accidents. At this point, existing pedestrian related test standards developed for cars cannot be adopted to LGVs. When it comes to active safety, ESC proved its effectiveness once again. Beyond that, rear view cameras, advanced emergency braking systems and lane departure warning systems show a safety potential, too. In addition to any technical countermeasures previously discussed, the importance of the driver behavior and attitude regarding the accident risk was investigated. In order to develop successful actions it is important to understand the main target population. In the case of LGV especially the crafts business and smaller companies are the major contributors the safety issue.
Proposal for a test procedure of assistance systems regarding preventive pedestrian protection
(2011)
This paper is showing a proposal for a test procedure regarding preventive pedestrian protection based on accident analysis. Over the past years pedestrian protection has become an increasing importance also during the development phase of new vehicles. After a phase of focusing on secondary safety, there are current activities to detect a possible collision by assistance systems. Such systems have the task to inform the driver and/or automatically activate the brakes. How practical is such a system? In which kind of traffic situations will it work? How is it possible to check the effectiveness of such a system? To test the effectiveness, currently there are no generally approved identifiable procedures. It is reasonable that such a test should be based on real accidents. The test procedure should be designed to test all systems, independent of the system- working principle. The vFSS group (advanced Forward-looking Safety Systems) was founded to develop a proposal for a technology independent test procedure, which reflects the real accident situation. This contribution is showing the results of vFSS. The developed test procedure focuses on accidents between passenger cars and pedestrians. The results are based on analysis results of in-depth databases of GIDAS, German insurers and DEKRA and added by analysis of national and international statistics. The in-depth analysis includes many pre-crash situations with several influencing factors. The factors are e. g. speed of the car, speed of the pedestrian, moving direction and a possible obscuration of the pedestrian by an object. The results comprise also the different situations of adults and children. Furthermore, they include details regarding influence of the lighting conditions (daylight or night) especially with respect to the accident consequences. In fact, more accidents happen at daylight, but fatal accidents are more often at night. A clustering of parameter combinations was found which represents typical accident scenarios. There are six typical accident scenarios which were merged in four test scenarios. The test scenarios are varying the starting position of the pedestrian, the pedestrian size (adult or child) and the speed of the pedestrian, whereas the speed of the car will not be varied. To ensure the independency from used sensing technologies it is necessary to use a suitable dummy. For example, if sensors are based on infrared, the dummy should emit the temperature of a human being. The test procedure will identify the collision speed as the key parameter for assessing the effectiveness of the tested system. The collision speed is defined as the reduction between initial test speed of the car and impact speed. The assessment of the speed reduction value regarding the safety benefit, however, will be part of a separate procedure.
Brücken in ungünstiger geographischer/geomorphologischer Lage " z.B. über Gewässer, in Einschnitten, Schattenlagen und Niederungsbereichen " neigen konstruktionsbedingt gegenüber den angrenzenden bodengebundenen Fahrbahnen zur vorzeitigen Glättebildung, die eine besondere Gefährdung der Verkehrsteilnehmer - vor allem im Spätherbst und im zeitigen Frühjahr - darstellt. Die Erneuerung der Straßenbrücke B 208 / Elbe-Lübeck-Kanal in der Ortslage Berkenthin im Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg bot auf Grund ihrer besonderen kleinklimatischen Situation die Möglichkeit, im Rahmen eines Pilotprojektes - aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen des Forschungsprojektes 15.401 "Vermeidung von Glatteisbildung auf Brücken" der BASt " die Fahrbahntafel mittels oberflächennaher geothermischer Energie zu temperieren. Die bei Planung, Bau sowie in der nunmehr anlaufenden Nutzungsphase gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sollen den Straßenbaulastträgern Hinweise und Entscheidungshilfen geben, die Verkehrssicherheit wie auch die Nachhaltigkeit bei glättegefährdeten Brücken und Straßenabschnitten durch den Einsatz alternativer Energien zu erhöhen und gleichzeitig den Aufwand für den präventiven Winterdienst zu reduzieren. Der hierfür erforderliche Kapitaleinsatz ist eher in volkswirtschaftlicher Hinsicht und erst in zweiter Linie betriebswirtschaftlich zu bewerten.
Im Rahmen eines von der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) initiierten Forschungsvorhabens (15.449/2007/ERB: "Prüfverfahren zur Beurteilung der Lebensdauer von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen für Straßentunnel") wurden anhand von Untersuchungen an Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) auf Basis von Polyolefinwerkstoffen die Möglichkeiten der Beurteilung der oxidativen Langzeitbeständigkeit sondiert. Im Mittelpunkt stand die Erprobung des Autoklaventests in Anlehnung an DIN EN ISO 13438 (Methode C1/C2) an ausgewählten, für den Tunnelbau repräsentativen marktüblichen KDB-Produkten. Die Untersuchungen im Autoklaven bei erhöhten Temperaturen (60 -°C, 70 -°C und 80 -°C) und Sauerstoffdrücken (11, 21 und 51 bar) wurden durch vergleichende Versuche im Wärmeschrank (Ofen) bei erhöhter Temperatur (85 -°C) in Anlehnung an DIN EN 14575 ergänzt. Die KDB-Produkte wurden außerdem einer eingehenden Materialcharakterisierung (Zugprüfung, OMA, DSC) unterzogen. Weiterhin wurden Bauwerksdaten recherchiert und auf ihre Nutzbarkeit zur Bewertung und Prüfbarkeit der Langzeitbeständigkeit von KDB in Tunneln betrachtet. Ziel war auch, die Anwendbarkeit des bisher vorgeschlagenen Extrapolationsmodells zur Auswertung der Ergebnisse von Autoklaventests an im Tunnelbau marktüblichen Produkten für Nutzungsdauern über 25 Jahre zu überprüfen und zur Entwicklung eines geeigneten Prüfverfahrens beizutragen. Der Beitrag geht auf Ergebnisse des Vorhabens ein und zeigt erste Schlussfolgerungen und weiteren Untersuchungsbedarf auf. Die Ergebnisse werden in den "Empfehlungen zu Dichtungssystemen im Tunnelbau EAG-EDT" des Arbeitskreises 5.1 "Kunststoffe in der Geotechnik und im Wasserbau" berücksichtigt, deren 2. Auflage in Vorbereitung ist. Aspekte des thermischen Verhaltens der eingesetzten Werkstoffe sowie mögliche Anpassungen der Prüfrandbedingungen für die Autoklaventests werden ergänzt und Hinweise zur Interpretation von Prüfergebnissen gegeben. Außerdem wurden inzwischen ausgehend von den Ergebnissen des Forschungsvorhabens erste Autoklaven-Ringversuche in drei Prüfinstitutionen initiiert.
For the assessment of vehicle safety in frontal collisions, the crash compatibility between the colliding vehicles is crucial. Compatibility compromises both the self protection and the partner protection properties of vehicles. For the accident data analysis, the CCIS (GB) and GIDAS (DE) in-depth data bases were used. Selection criteria were frontal car accidents with car in compliance with ECE R94. For this study belted adult occupants in the front seats sustaining MAIS 2+ injuries were studied. Following this analysis FIMCAR concluded that the following compatibility issues are relevant: - Poor structural interaction (especially low overlap and over/underriding) - Compartment strength - Frontal force mismatch with lower priority than poor structural interaction In addition injuries arising from the acceleration loading of the occupant are present in a significant portion of frontal crashes. Based on the findings of the accident analysis the aims that shall be addressed by the proposed assessment approach were defined and priorities were allocated to them. The aims and priorities shall help to decide on suitable test procedures and appropriate metrics. In general it is anticipated that a full overlap and off-set test procedure is the most appropriate set of tests to assess a vehicle- frontal impact self and partner protection.