91 Fahrzeugkonstruktion
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
Volltext vorhanden
- nein (133) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Sicherheit (58)
- Safety (57)
- Bewertung (40)
- Evaluation (assessment) (40)
- Vehicle (39)
- Fahrzeug (38)
- Anfahrversuch (34)
- Impact test (veh) (31)
- Conference (28)
- Test method (28)
- Versuch (27)
- Konferenz (26)
- Prüfverfahren (26)
- Test (26)
- Accident (22)
- Unfall (22)
- Fußgänger (20)
- Pedestrian (20)
- Anthropometric dummy (19)
- Deutschland (19)
- Germany (19)
- Car (18)
- Dummy (17)
- Collision (16)
- Pkw (16)
- Compatibility (15)
- Kompatibilität (15)
- Simulation (15)
- Driver assistance system (14)
- Method (14)
- Passive safety system (14)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (14)
- Verfahren (14)
- Zusammenstoß (14)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (13)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (13)
- Head on collision (13)
- Gesetzgebung (12)
- Legislation (12)
- Research project (12)
- Unfallverhütung (12)
- Accident prevention (11)
- Child (11)
- Forschungsarbeit (11)
- Kind (11)
- Analyse (math) (10)
- Analysis (math) (10)
- EU (10)
- Europa (10)
- Europe (10)
- Injury (10)
- Schlag (10)
- Shock (10)
- Verletzung (10)
- Autonomes Fahren (9)
- Autonomous driving (9)
- Driver (9)
- Driver information (9)
- Fahrer (9)
- Fahrerinformation (9)
- Fahrstabilität (9)
- Insasse (9)
- Lkw (9)
- Lorry (9)
- Radfahrer (9)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (9)
- Technische Vorschriften (Kraftfahrzeug) (9)
- Vehicle handling (9)
- Vehicle occupant (9)
- Vehicle regulations (9)
- Active safety system (8)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (8)
- Automatic (8)
- Automatisch (8)
- Biomechanics (8)
- Biomechanik (8)
- Electronic driving aid (8)
- Elektronische Fahrhilfe (8)
- Improvement (8)
- Measurement (8)
- Messung (8)
- Motorcycle (8)
- Motorrad (8)
- Severity (accid (8)
- Severity (accid, injury) (8)
- Technologie (8)
- Technology (8)
- Verbesserung (8)
- injury) (8)
- Cyclist (7)
- Fahrzeugführung (7)
- Head (7)
- Kopf (7)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (7)
- Side impact (7)
- Standardisierung (7)
- Belastung (6)
- Bemessung (6)
- Braking (6)
- Bremsung (6)
- Design (overall design) (6)
- Driving (veh) (6)
- Impact test (6)
- Load (6)
- Prevention (6)
- Risiko (6)
- Safety belt (6)
- Sicherheitsgurt (6)
- Verletzung) (6)
- Alte Leute (5)
- Anti locking device (5)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (5)
- Ausrüstung (5)
- Benutzung (5)
- Communication (5)
- Deformation (5)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (5)
- Development (5)
- Entwicklung (5)
- Equipment (5)
- Ergonomics (5)
- Geschwindigkeit (5)
- Headlamp (5)
- Knee (human) (5)
- Kommunikation (5)
- Lenken (Fahrzeug) (5)
- Official approval (5)
- Reifen (5)
- Richtlinien (5)
- Risk (5)
- Scheinwerfer (5)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (5)
- Specifications (5)
- Speed (5)
- Standardization (5)
- Steering (process) (5)
- Tyre (5)
- Use (5)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (5)
- Accident rate (4)
- Aufprallschlitten (4)
- Bein (menschl) (4)
- Brustkorb (4)
- Collision avoidance system (4)
- Cost benefit analysis (4)
- Datenbank (4)
- Decrease (4)
- Driver training (4)
- Efficiency (4)
- Ergonomie (4)
- Fahrausbildung (4)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (4)
- Fahrzeugsitz (4)
- Impact sled (4)
- Interior (veh) (4)
- Leg (human) (4)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (4)
- Nacht (4)
- Night (4)
- Norm (tech) (4)
- Old people (4)
- Perception (4)
- Reproducibility (4)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (4)
- Road user (4)
- Seat (veh) (4)
- Sichtbarkeit (4)
- Specification (standard) (4)
- Thorax (4)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (4)
- Verformung (4)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (4)
- Verminderung (4)
- Sichtbarkeit (4)
- Wahrnehmung (4)
- Airbag (3)
- Antikollisionssystem (3)
- Auffahrunfall (3)
- Bend (road) (3)
- Bicycle (3)
- Brake (3)
- Bremse (3)
- Bus (3)
- Database (3)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (3)
- Error (3)
- Fahrleistung (3)
- Fahrrad (3)
- Fehler (3)
- Gewicht (3)
- Human body (3)
- Knie (menschl) (3)
- Kraftfahrzeug (3)
- Leuchtdichte (3)
- Luminance (3)
- Menschlicher Körper (3)
- Messgerät (3)
- Modification (3)
- Motorcyclist (3)
- Motorradfahrer (3)
- Policy (3)
- Politik (3)
- Rear end collision (3)
- Reflectivity (3)
- Reflexionsgrad (3)
- Spikesreifen (3)
- Statistics (3)
- Statistik (3)
- Straßenkurve (3)
- Straßenverkehr (3)
- Studded tyre (3)
- Unterfahrschutz (3)
- Vehicle mile (3)
- Verhütung (3)
- Warning (3)
- Weight (3)
- Windschutzscheibe (3)
- Windscreen (veh) (3)
- Active safety (2)
- Adolescent (2)
- Age (2)
- Air bag (restraint system) (2)
- Aktive Sicherheit (2)
- Alter (2)
- Ankündigung (2)
- Apparatus (measuring) (2)
- Autonomes Fahrzeug (2)
- Autonomous vehicle (2)
- Baumusterzulassung (2)
- Bicyclist (2)
- Blendung (2)
- Body (car) (2)
- Braking distance (2)
- Bremsweg (2)
- Cause (2)
- Classification (2)
- Crash Test (2)
- Data acquisition (2)
- Datenerfassung (2)
- Delivery vehicle (2)
- Detection (2)
- Detektion (2)
- Electric vehicle (2)
- Elektrofahrzeug (2)
- Empfindlichkeit (2)
- Fahranfänger (2)
- Fatality (2)
- Federung (2)
- Forschungsbericht (2)
- France (2)
- Frankreich (2)
- Glare (2)
- Griffigkeit (2)
- Highway traffic (2)
- Impact study (2)
- Individueller Verkehr (2)
- Industrie (2)
- Industry (2)
- International (2)
- Jugendlicher (2)
- Karosserie (2)
- Klassifizierung (2)
- Knie (2)
- Kunststoff (2)
- Landstraße (2)
- Mathematical model (2)
- Nummer (2)
- Plastic material (2)
- Private transport (2)
- Prototyp (2)
- Prototype (2)
- Prüfstand (2)
- Rear view mirror (2)
- Recently qualified driver (2)
- Rechenmodell (2)
- Reconstruction (accid) (2)
- Reflectorized material (2)
- Reflexstoffe (2)
- Road network (2)
- Rural road (2)
- Rückspiegel (2)
- Schutz (2)
- Sensitivity (2)
- Sensor (2)
- Skidding resistance (2)
- Straßennetz (2)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (2)
- Suspension (veh) (2)
- Test rig (2)
- Traffic count (2)
- Transport (2)
- Tödlicher Unfall (2)
- Underride protection (2)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (2)
- Ursache (2)
- Vehicle inspection (2)
- Verkehrserhebung (2)
- Versuchspuppe (2)
- Veränderung (2)
- Visual display (2)
- Zahl (2)
- Zulassung (tech) (2)
- Zusammenstoss (2)
- Abdomen (1)
- Abstandsregeltempomat (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Accident data (1)
- Accident proneness (1)
- Accompanied driving (1)
- Adaptive cruise control (1)
- Adult (1)
- Aged people (1)
- Angle (1)
- Anhänger (1)
- Anti blocking device (1)
- Antiblockiersystem (1)
- Antikollisisonssystem (1)
- Apparatus (measurement) (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attitude (psychol) (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Autobahn (1)
- Axle (1)
- Battery (1)
- Bau (1)
- Baustoff (1)
- Begleitetes Fahren (1)
- Begrenzungsleuchten (1)
- Behaviour (1)
- Behinderter (1)
- Benefit cost analysis (1)
- Berechnung (1)
- Beschleunigung (1)
- Betriebsverhalten (1)
- Bibliographie (1)
- Bibliography (1)
- Bildschirm (1)
- Blind spot (veh) (1)
- Bonnet (car) (1)
- Brake light (1)
- Bremslicht (1)
- Bruch (mech) (1)
- Bumper (1)
- Calculation (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Carriageway (1)
- Chassis (1)
- Coefficient of friction (1)
- Colour (1)
- Compatiblity (1)
- Components of the car (1)
- Compression (1)
- Construction (1)
- Contact (tyre road) (1)
- Control (1)
- Cooperative intelligent transport system (1)
- Correlation (math, stat) (1)
- Crash helmet (1)
- Crashtest (1)
- Crossing the road (pedestrian) (1)
- Cycle car (1)
- Data bank (1)
- Data security (1)
- Datensicherheit (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- Daylight (1)
- Daytime running light (1)
- Deceleration (1)
- Decke (Straße) (1)
- Deckschicht (1)
- Deformable barrier (Impact test) (1)
- Deformable barrier system (impact test) (1)
- Dehnungsmessstreifen (1)
- Demand (econ) (1)
- Demographie (1)
- Deutschland ; Konferenz (1)
- Diesel engine (1)
- Dieselmotor (1)
- Digital model (1)
- Dimension (1)
- Disabled person (1)
- Distribution (gen) (1)
- Driver experience (1)
- Driving aptitude (1)
- Durability (1)
- Durchsichtigkeit (1)
- Dynamo (1)
- Eichung (1)
- Eigenschaft (1)
- Einstellung (psychol) (1)
- Electronic stability program (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (1)
- Emission (1)
- Emission control (1)
- Emissionskontrolle (1)
- Engine capacity (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environment protection (1)
- Erfahrung (menschl) (1)
- Erste Hilfe (1)
- Erwachsener (1)
- European New Car Assessment Programme (1)
- Experience (human) (1)
- Experimental road (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Expertensystem (1)
- Fahrassistenzsystem (1)
- Fahrbahn (1)
- Fahrbahnüberquerung (1)
- Fahrbare Barriere (1)
- Fahrstreifen (1)
- Fahrstreifenwechsel (1)
- Fahrtauglichkeit (1)
- Fahrwerk (1)
- Fahrzeugabstand (1)
- Fahrzeugachse (1)
- Fahrzeugbeleuchtung (1)
- Fahrzeugteile (1)
- Failure (1)
- Farbe (1)
- Feuer (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Fire (1)
- First aid (1)
- Force (1)
- Form (1)
- Four wheel drive (1)
- Fracht (1)
- Frau (1)
- Freight (1)
- Front (1)
- Fuel consumption (1)
- Future transport mode (1)
- Gebiet (1)
- Geländefahrzeug (1)
- Gestaltung (1)
- Grenzwert (1)
- Gussasphalt (1)
- Haftung (jur) (1)
- Halogen (1)
- Halogene (1)
- Harmonization (1)
- Hazard (1)
- Head (human) (1)
- Height (1)
- Hell (1)
- Hinten (1)
- Hubraum (1)
- Höhe (1)
- Hüfte (menschl) (1)
- In Bewegung (1)
- In service behaviour (1)
- In situ (1)
- Intelligent transport system (1)
- Intelligentes Verkehrssystem (1)
- Intersection (1)
- Interview (1)
- Italien (1)
- Italy (1)
- Itinerary (1)
- Japan (1)
- Kamera (1)
- Kleintransporter (1)
- Kleinwagen (1)
- Knotenpunkt (1)
- Kompatiblität (1)
- Kontakt Reifen Straße (1)
- Kooperatives System (ITS) (1)
- Kopf (menschl) (1)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (1)
- Kraft (1)
- Kraftstoffverbrauch (1)
- Körperstellung (1)
- Lane changing (1)
- Layout (1)
- Liability (1)
- Lichtstärke (1)
- Lieferfahrzeug (1)
- Light (colour) (1)
- Light intensity (1)
- Limit (1)
- Location (1)
- Lochstreifen (1)
- Market (1)
- Markt (1)
- Material (constr) (1)
- Mensch Maschine Verhältnis (1)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (1)
- Mobile barrier (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Motorhaube (1)
- Motorway (1)
- Moving (1)
- Nachfrage (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Naturalistic Driving (1)
- Naturalistic driving (1)
- Numerisches Modell (1)
- Oberfläche (1)
- On the spot accident investigation (1)
- Optimum (1)
- Optische Anzeige (1)
- Organisation (1)
- Organization (1)
- Ort (Position) (1)
- Overlapping (1)
- Overturning (veh) (1)
- Pelvis (1)
- Pfahl (1)
- Pile (1)
- Population (1)
- Posture (1)
- Properties (1)
- Prüefverfahren (1)
- Public relations (1)
- Public transport (1)
- Punched tape (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Qualitätssicherung (1)
- Radial (1)
- Reaction (human) (1)
- Reaktionsverhalten (1)
- Rear (1)
- Region (1)
- Reibungsbeiwert (1)
- Reiseweg (1)
- Research report (1)
- Retread tyre (1)
- Rippe (menschl) (1)
- Road (1)
- Road traffic (1)
- Robot (1)
- Roboter (1)
- Rolling resistance (1)
- Rollwiderstand (1)
- Runderneuerter Reifen (1)
- Safety fence (1)
- Saftey (1)
- Sample (stat) (1)
- Schall (1)
- Schulter (1)
- Schutzeinrichtung (1)
- Schutzhelm (1)
- Schweregrad (unfall (1)
- Schweregrad /Unfall (1)
- Schwingung (1)
- Seite (1)
- Shape (1)
- Shoulder (human) (1)
- Side (1)
- Side light (1)
- Social factors (1)
- Sound (1)
- Soziale Faktoren (1)
- Sport utility vehicle (1)
- Stability (1)
- Stadardization (1)
- Stadt (1)
- Stand der Technik (Bericht) (1)
- Standfestigkeit (1)
- State of the art report (1)
- Steuerung (1)
- Stichprobe (1)
- Stoßstange (1)
- Strain gauge (1)
- Surface (1)
- Surfacing (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Tagesfahrlicht (1)
- Tageslicht (1)
- Technische Vorschriften (1)
- Technische Überwachung (1)
- Technische Überwachung (Fahrzeug) (1)
- Teenage driver (1)
- Telecommunication (1)
- Telekommunikation (1)
- Telematics (1)
- Telematik (1)
- Temperatur (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Tests (1)
- Toter Winkel (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxizität (1)
- Traffic (1)
- Traffic control (1)
- Traffic lanes (1)
- Traffic motivation (1)
- Traffic regulation (1)
- Traffic regulations (1)
- Traffic sign (1)
- Traffic survey (1)
- Trailer (1)
- Train (1)
- Transparent (1)
- Transport infrastructure (1)
- Trend (stat) (1)
- Typenzulassung (1)
- USA (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Umweltschutz (1)
- Underride prevention (1)
- Unfalldaten (1)
- Unfallneigung (1)
- Unfallverhuetung (1)
- United Kingdom (1)
- Unterleib (1)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (1)
- Urban area (1)
- Vehicle Regulations (1)
- Vehicle lighting (1)
- Vehicle spacing (1)
- Veraenderung (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (1)
- Verhalten (1)
- Verkehr (1)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (1)
- Verkehrsmotivation (1)
- Verkehrssteuerung (1)
- Verkehrsuntersuchung (1)
- Verkehrszeichen (1)
- Versuchsstrecke (1)
- Verteilung (allg) (1)
- Verzögerung (1)
- Vibration (1)
- Video camera (1)
- Vierradantrieb (1)
- Vorne (1)
- Warnung (1)
- Wearing course (1)
- Winkel (1)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (1)
- Wirkungsanalyse (1)
- Woman (1)
- Zug (Eisenbahn) (1)
- Zukünftiges Verkehrsmittel (1)
- Zusammendrückung (1)
- verletzung) (1)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (1)
- Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (1)
- Überdeckung (1)
- Überschlagen (1)
Thoracic injuries are one of the main causes of fatally and severely injured casualties in car crashes. Advances in restraint system technology and airbags may be needed to address this problem; however, the crash test dummies available today for studying these injuries have limitations that prevent them from being able to demonstrate the benefits of such innovations. THORAX-FP7 was a collaborative medium scale project under the European Seventh Framework. It focused on the mitigation and prevention of thoracic injuries through an improved understanding of the thoracic injury mechanisms and the implementation of this understanding in an updated design for the thorax-shoulder complex of the THOR dummy. The updated dummy should enable the design and evaluation of advanced restraint systems for a wide variety (gender, age and size) of car occupants. The hardware development involved five steps: 1) Identification of the dominant thoracic injury types from field data, 2) Specification of biomechanical requirements, 3) Identification of injury parameters and necessary instrumentation, 4) Dummy hardware development and 5) Evaluation of the demonstrator dummy. The activities resulted in the definition of new biofidelity and instrumentation requirements for an updated thorax-shoulder complex. Prototype versions were realised and implemented in three THOR dummies for biomechanical evaluation testing. This paper documents the hardware developments and biomechanical evaluation testing carried out.
Airbag-Systeme können, wie frühere Untersuchungen gezeigt haben, die passive Sicherheit von Motorrädern wirksam verbessern. Der vorliegende Forschungsbericht betrachtet die Übertragbarkeit von Pkw-Airbag-Konzepten auf das Motorrad und befasst sich vor allem mit dem Problem der motorradgerechten und sicheren Auslösung des Airbags. Die Funktion des Motorradairbags unterscheidet sich von der des Pkw-Airbags in entscheidender Weise durch die Möglichkeit, die Flugbahn des Fahrers bei einem Zusammenstoß mit einem rechtwinklig vor dem Motorrad befindlichen Pkw so zu beeinflussen, dass dieser das Hindernis ohne einen harten Anprall überfliegen kann. Der Abbau der kinetischen Energie des Fahrers geschieht so nicht in der kurzen Knautschzone vor dem Kollisionsobjekt, sondern in der meist ausreichend langen Auslaufzone dahinter. Der Motorradairbag kann am vorderen Tankbereich angebracht sein. Fülltechnik und Gewebematerial können vom Pkw direkt übernommen werden; jedoch ist die Nahtführung zu verstärken, da der Motorradairbag vorwiegend auf Scherung beansprucht wird. Gravierende Unterschiede ergeben sich in der Sensierung eines Crashs, da durch das an der Telegabel geführte Vorderrad signifikante Verzögerungsanstiege des Motorrades erst sehr spät erfolgen. Es ist daher nicht möglich, wie beim Pkw den Airbag allein über Beschleunigungsaufnehmer zu zünden. Schwerpunkt des Berichtes sind daher verschiedene Vorschläge, bei heute üblichen Motorradkonstruktionen einen Crash für eine Airbagauslösung rechtzeitig und sicher sensieren zu können. Zu charakteristischen Unfall-Ereignissen werden Sensoren nach verschiedenen Wirkprinzipien geordnet vorgestellt. Nach einer technischen Bewertung erweisen sich zwei Sensorvarianten als geeignet für eine zuverlässige Zündung des Airbag; gleichzeitig kann mit einer logischen Verknüpfung ihrer Signale eine Fehlauslösung sicher vermieden werden. Die ausgewählten und näher beschriebenen Sensoren registrieren den Druckanstieg im Vorderradreifen und die plastische Verformung der Telegabel. Damit ist eine Sensierung des Aufpralls rechtzeitig möglich. Je nach Größe und Dauer der Verzögerung kann der Druck des Luftkissens verändert werden, so dass der Motorradairbag in Abhängigkeit der Fahrgeschwindigkeit nur aufpralldämpfend oder flugbahnbeeinflussend wirkt. Testprogramme zur weiteren Entwicklung von Airbagsensoren für Motorräder werden als Forschungsbedarf näher erläutert.
Advancing active safety towards the protection of vulnerable road users: the PROSPECT project
(2017)
Accidents involving Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) are still a very significant issue for road safety. According to the World Health Organisation, pedestrian and cyclist deaths account for more than 25% of all road traffic deaths worldwide. Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems have the potential to improve safety for these VRU groups. The PROSPECT project (Proactive Safety for Pedestrians and Cyclists) aims to significantly improve the effectiveness of active VRU safety systems compared to those currently on the market by expanding the scope of scenarios addressed by the systems and improving the overall system performance. The project pursues an integrated approach: Newest available accident data combined with naturalistic observations and HMI guidelines represent key inputs for the system specifications, which form the basis for the system development. For system development, two main aspects are considered: advanced sensor processing with situation analysis, and intervention strategies including braking and steering. All these concepts are implemented in several vehicle prototypes. Special emphasis is put on balancing system performance in critical scenarios and avoiding undesired system activations. For system validation, testing in realistic scenarios will be done. Results will allow the performance assessment of the developed concepts and a cost-benefit analysis. The findings within the PROSPECT project will contribute to the generation of state -of-the-art knowledge, technical innovations, assessment methodologies and tools for advancing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems towards the protection of VRUs. The introduction of a new generation safety system in the market will enhance VRU road safety in 2020-2025, contributing to the "Vision Zero" objective of no fatalities or serious injuries in road traffic set out in the Transport White Paper. Furthermore, the test methodologies and tools developed within the project shall be considered for the New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) future roadmaps, supporting the European Commission goal of halving the road toll in the 2011-2020 timeframe.
The development of tyre- and truck-manufacturers leads to the direction to introduce wide base single tyres (size 495/45R22,5) instead of twin tyres on the driving axle of trucks, tractors and busses. To study the driving behaviour and safety of various trucks and units with different tyre combinations and loading conditions was the aim of the study. A computer-aided simulation was used for this investigation. Drive tests with a 40 t unit with prototype single tyres on the drive axle were carried out to verify the simulation. Alterations in driving behaviour and driving safety are mainly dependent on the tyre cornering stiffness. The prototype wide single tyres had a higher lateral stiffness which leads to a higher degree of under-steering (safer driving behaviour). The altered spring base on the drive axle had no influence on the side- tilt stability of vehicle combinations but the solo truck profited from the higher rear axle roll stiffness (less danger for roll-over accidents). As far as the driving safety is concerned nothing speaks against wide base tyres on the drive axle. The simulation of a tyre defect in a bend (assuming 40% of the max. transferable side force for the flat tyre) showed no increased danger using wide single tyres. Later driving tests showed however the need of tyre run flat possibilities to avoid jack-knifing of road trains. Also tyre pressure monitoring systems and electronic stability programs for the trucks are advised.
Accident analysis
(2014)
For the assessment of vehicle safety in frontal collisions compatibility (which consists of self and partner protection) between opponents is crucial. Although compatibility has been analysed worldwide for years, no final assessment approach has been defined to date. Taking into account the European Enhanced Vehicle safety Committee (EEVC) compatibility and frontal impact working group (WG15) and the EC funded FP5 VC-COMPAT project activities, two test approaches have been identified as the most promising candidates for the assessment of compatibility. Both are composed of an off-set and a full overlap test procedure. In addition another procedure (a test with a moving deformable barrier) is getting more attention in today- research programmes. The overall objective of the FIMCAR project is to complete the development of the candidate test procedures and propose a set of test procedures suitable for regulatory application to assess and control a vehicle- frontal impact and compatibility crash safety. In addition an associated cost benefit analysis should be performed. The specific objectives of the work reported in this deliverable were: - Determine if previously identified compatibility issues are still relevant in current vehicle fleet: Structural interaction, Frontal force matching, Compartment strength in particular for light cars. - Determine nature of injuries and injury mechanisms: Body regions injured o Injury mechanism: Contact with intrusion, Contact, Deceleration / restraint induced. The main data sources for this report were the CCIS and Stats 19 databases from Great Britain and the GIDAS database from Germany. The different sampling and reporting schemes for the detailed databases (CCIS & GIDAS) sometimes do not allow for direct comparisons of the results. However the databases are complementary " CCIS captures more severe collisions highlighting structure and injury issues while GIDAS provides detailed data for a broader range of crash severities. The following results represent the critical points for further development of test procedures in FIMCAR.
Die Gestaltung der Interaktion zwischen den elektronischen "Infotainment"-Systemen im Auto und dem Fahrer gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung für die Verkehrssicherheit. Dem positiven Nutzen, den die Systeme hinsichtlich Fahrerunterstützung und Fahrkomfort aufweisen, stehen möglicherweise negative Auswirkungen auf die Fahrsicherheit gegenüber, wenn Ablenkung und Überlastung des Fahrers auftreten. Diesem Problemfeld widmete sich das EU-Projekt "Communication Multimedia Unit Inside Car" (COMMUNICAR), das im Juni 2003 abgeschlossen wurde. Hauptziel des Projekts waren die Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines Systems, das den Fahrer bei der Bewältigung der eingehenden Informationen unterstützt und eine zentrale Bedienmöglichkeit aufweist. Das COMMUNICAR-System enthält folgende wesentliche Elemente: Verschiedene Funktionen zu Telematikdiensten, Unterhaltung und zur digitalen Darstellung der traditionellen Informationen; eine als Informationsmanager (IM) bezeichnete regelbasierte Filterlogik sowie eine multimediale integrierte Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle (MMS) zur zentralen Bedienung und Informationsausgabe. In der ersten Phase der Entwicklung wurden die Nutzeranforderungen analysiert, die Funktionen definiert und die Ein-/Ausgabemodalitäten festgelegt. In der zweiten Phase wurden virtuelle Prototypen zur Gestaltung der MMS erarbeitet und diese in den anschließenden Nutzertest im Labor bewertet und ausgewählt. Die dritte Phase diente der Systementwicklung, bei der es vor allem um die Filterlogik des IM ging. Das System wurde zunächst im Fahrsimulator, anschließend unter Feldbedingungen getestet. Die Ergebnisse, die in den wesentlichen Einzelheiten berichtet werden, zeigten insgesamt ein positives Bild sowohl hinsichtlich der subjektiven Akzeptanzbewertung als auch hinsichtlich des Fahrverhaltens.
Abschluss des deutsch-französischen Verbundprojekts "Inter-Vehicle Hazard Warning" (DEUFRAKO-IVWH)
(2004)
Im Rahmen der Deutsch-Französischen Kooperation im Verbundprojekt "Inter-Vehicle Hazard Warning" (DEUFRAKO-IVWH) wurde ein auf Fahrzeug-Fahrzeug-Kommunikation basierendes Warnsystem konzipiert und bewertet. Die im Rahmen des Projekts durchgeführten Arbeiten haben gezeigt, dass ein auf Fahrzeug-Fahrzeug-Kommunikation basierendes Warnsystem prinzipiell geeignet ist, einen Beitrag zur Erhöhung der Verkehrssicherheit zu leisten. Das Ausmaß der zu erwartenden positiven Effekte ist allerdings ganz wesentlich abhängig vom Ausstattungsgrad der Fahrzeugflotte mit einem solchen System.
One main objective of the EU-Project SENIORS is to provide improved methods to assess thoracic injury risk to elderly occupants. In contribution to this task paired simulations with a THOR dummy model and human body model will be used to develop improved thoracic injury risk functions. The simulation results can provide data for injury criteria development in chest loading conditions that are underrepresented in PMHS test data sets that currently proposed risk functions are based on. To support this approach a new simplified generic but representative sled test fixture and CAE model for testing and simulation were developed. The parameter definition and evaluation of this sled test fixture and model is presented in this paper. The justification and definition of requirements for this test set-up was based on experience from earlier studies. Simple test fixtures like the gold standard sled fixture are easy to build and also to model in CAE, but provide too severe belt-only loading. On the other hand a vehicle buck including production components like airbag and seat is more representative, but difficult to model and to be replicated at a different laboratory. Furthermore some components might not be available for physical tests at later stage. The basis of the SENIORS generic sled test set-up is the gold standard fixture with a cable seat back and foot rest. No knee restraint was used. The seat pan design was modified including a seat ramp. The three-point belt system had a generic adjustable load limiter. A pre-inflated driver airbag assembly was developed for the test fixture. Results of THOR test and simulations in different configurations will be presented. The configurations include different deceleration pulses. Further parameter variations are related to the restraint system including belt geometry and load limiter levels. Additionally different settings of the generic airbag were evaluated. The test set-up was evaluated and optimized in tests with the THOR-M dummy in different test configurations. Belt restraint parameters like D-ring position and load limiter setting were modified to provide moderate chest loading to the occupant. This resulted in dummy readings more representative of the loading in a contemporary vehicle than most available PMHS sled tests reported in the literature. However, to achieve a loading configuration that exposes the occupant to even less severe loading comparable to modern vehicle restraints it might be necessary to further modify the test set-up. The new generic sled test set-up and a corresponding CAE model were developed and applied in tests and simulations with THOR. Within the SENIORS project with this test set-up also volunteer and PMHS as well as HBM simulations are performed, which will be reported in other publications. The test environment can contribute in future studies to the assessment of existing and new frontal impact dummies as well as dummy improvements and related instrumentation. The test set-up and model could also serve as a new standard test environment for PMHS and volunteer tests as well as HBM simulations.
Accidents between right turning trucks and straight driving cyclists often show massive consequences. Accident severity in terms of seriously or fatally injured cyclists that are involved is much higher than in accidents of other traffic participants in other situations. It seems clear that adding additional mirrors will very likely not improve the situation. At ESV 2015, a methodology to derive test procedures and first test cases as well as requirements for a driver assist system to address blind spot accidents has been presented. However, it was unclear if and how testing of these cases is feasible, to what extent characteristics of different truck concepts (e.g. articulated vehicles, rigid vehicles) influence the test conduction and outcome, and what tolerances should be selected for the different variables. This work is important for the acceptance of a draft regulation in the UN working group on general safety. In the meantime, three test series using a single tractor vehicle, a tractor-semitrailer combination and a rigid vehicle have been conducted. The test tools (e.g. surrogate devices) have been refined. A fully crashable, commercially available bicycle dummy has been tested. If used correct, this dummy does follow a straight line quite precisely and it does not cause any damage to the truck under test in case of accidental impact. The dummy specifications are freely available. During testing, the different vehicle categories resulted in different trajectories being driven. Articulated vehicle combinations did first execute a turn into the opposite direction, and on the other hand, single tractor vehicles did behave comparable to passenger cars. A possible solution to take these behaviors into account is to require the vehicles to drive through a corridor that is narrow for a precise straight-driving phase and extends during the turn. Other investigated parameters are the dummy and vehicle speed tolerances. The results from this research make it possible to draft a regulation for a driver assistance system that helps to avoid blind spot accidents: test cases have been refined, their feasibility has been checked, and corridors for the vehicles and for important parameters (e.g. test speeds) have been set. The test procedure is applicable to all types of heavy goods vehicles. In combination with the accidentology (ESV 2015 paper), the work provides the basis for a regulation for such an assistance system.
Der Allgemeine Deutsche Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC) und die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) veranstalteten am 15. Oktober 2009 in Baden-Baden ihr 7. Symposium \"Sicher fahren in Europa\". Nach 1991, 1994, 1997, 2000, 2003 und zuletzt 2006 trafen sich auch dieses Mal wieder zahlreiche Fachleute aus Wissenschaft und Politik, Industrie, Wirtschaft und Verbänden aus dem In- und Ausland, trugen neue Forschungsergebnisse vor und erörterten aktuelle Ansätze zur Erhöhung der Verkehrssicherheit. Dabei ging es in den Referaten und Diskussionsbeiträgen und in den vier Workshops vor allem darum, die verkehrspolitischen Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen für die europäische Verkehrssicherheitsarbeit im Hinblick auf folgende Themen zu beleuchten: "Verkehrssicherheit Junger Fahrer", - Das "Auto der Zukunft", - "Demographischer Wandel", - "Landstraßensicherheit". Den Grundsatzreferaten folgten vertiefte Bearbeitungen in den Workshops. Die CD-ROM dokumentiert die Grußworte, Referate und Diskussionsbeiträge.
Der Allgemeine Deutsche Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC) und die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) veranstalteten am 13. Oktober 2006 in Baden-Baden das 6. Symposium "Sicher fahren in Europa". Die Fachvorträge befassten sich mit den Themenbereichen: Ansätze zu mehr Verkehrssicherheit, - Verbesserung der Fahrzeugsicherheit, - Besondere Zielgruppen. Die CD-ROM dokumentiert die Grußworte, die Referate und die Podiumsdiskussion.
In 2012 the fifth ESAR conference (Expert Symposium on Accident Research) was held in Hannover. ESAR is an international convention of experts, who analyze traffic accidents all over the world and discuss their results in this context, conducted at the Medizinische Hochschule Hannover every 2 years. It connected representatives of public authorities, engineers in automotive development and scientists and offers a forum with particular emphasis on In-Depth-Analyses of accident statistics and accident analyses. Special focus is placed on research on the basis of so-called "In-Depth-Accident-Investigations" [data collections at the sites of the accidents], which are characterized by extensive documentations of the sites of the accidents, of the vehicles as well as of the injuries, encompassing several scientific fields. ESAR aims at a multi-disciplinary compilation of scientific results and at discussing them on an international, scientific level. It is thus a scientific colloquium and a platform for exchanging information for all accident researchers. Experiences in accident prevention as well as in the complex field of accident reconstruction are stated and new research fields are added. Existing results of long-term research work in Europe, the US, Australia and Japan include different infrastructural correlations and give findings on population, vehicle population and driver characteristics, which offer a basis for recommendations to be derived and measures for increasing road safety.
Das Fahren mit Licht am Tag wird seit dem 1. Oktober 2005 vom damaligen Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS) empfohlen. Weiterhin wurde im Februar 2011 auf europäischer Ebene beschlossen, alle neuen Fahrzeugtypen der Fahrzeugklasse M1 (Fahrzeuge zur Personenbeförderung mit vier Rädern und maximal 8 Sitzplätzen außer dem Fahrersitz) sowie der Fahrzeugklasse N1 (Kraftfahrzeuge zur Güterbeförderung mit mindestens vier Rädern und mit einem zulässigen Gesamtgewicht bis zu 3,5 t) mit speziellen Tagfahrleuchten (TFL) auszustatten. Seit August 2012 gilt diese Regelung auch für alle anderen Fahrzeugklassen. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Entwicklung wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich das Fahren mit Licht am Tag immer weiter verbreitet. Um daraus resultierende Sicherheitsgewinne bewerten zu können, ist eine kontinuierliche Beobachtung der Lichteinschaltquoten am Tag erforderlich. Die Grundidee der kontinuierlichen Erfassung der Lichteinschaltquoten am Tag mit der angewendeten Erhebungsmethodik wird beschrieben. Im Fokus stehen die neuen Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen. Abschließend werden die bisher ermittelten Zeitreihen analysiert.