Abteilung Fahrzeugtechnik
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
Sprache
- Englisch (53)
- Deutsch (5)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Schlagworte
- Anfahrversuch (21)
- Test method (20)
- Impact test (veh) (19)
- Prüfverfahren (19)
- Bewertung (18)
- Conference (18)
- Evaluation (assessment) (18)
- Konferenz (18)
- Dummy (14)
- Injury (14)
- Verletzung (14)
- Anthropometric dummy (13)
- Safety (13)
- Sicherheit (13)
- Fußgänger (12)
- Pedestrian (12)
- Driver assistance system (11)
- Accident (10)
- Collision (10)
- Deutschland (10)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (10)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (10)
- Germany (10)
- Head on collision (10)
- Simulation (10)
- Unfall (10)
- Zusammenstoß (9)
- Analyse (math) (8)
- Analysis (math) (8)
- Biomechanics (8)
- Biomechanik (8)
- Child (7)
- Fahrzeug (7)
- Head (7)
- Kind (7)
- Kopf (7)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (7)
- Radfahrer (7)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (7)
- Verletzung) (7)
- injury) (7)
- Cyclist (6)
- Europa (6)
- Europe (6)
- Insasse (6)
- Passive safety system (6)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (6)
- Severity (accid, injury) (6)
- Vehicle (6)
- Vehicle occupant (6)
- Car (5)
- Compatibility (5)
- Driver (5)
- Fahrer (5)
- Impact test (5)
- Knee (human) (5)
- Kompatibilität (5)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (5)
- Severity (accid (5)
- Side impact (5)
- Accident prevention (4)
- Alte Leute (4)
- Brustkorb (4)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (4)
- Deformation (4)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (4)
- Fahrzeugsitz (4)
- Improvement (4)
- Knie (menschl) (4)
- Leg (human) (4)
- Reproducibility (4)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (4)
- Safety belt (4)
- Seat (veh) (4)
- Sicherheitsgurt (4)
- Standardisierung (4)
- Standardization (4)
- Thorax (4)
- Unfallverhütung (4)
- Verbesserung (4)
- Aufprallschlitten (3)
- Autonomes Fahren (3)
- Autonomous driving (3)
- Behaviour (3)
- Bein (menschl) (3)
- Belastung (3)
- Bemessung (3)
- Benutzung (3)
- Braking (3)
- Bremsung (3)
- Database (3)
- Datenbank (3)
- Design (overall design) (3)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (3)
- Fatality (3)
- Front (3)
- Gesetzgebung (3)
- Impact sled (3)
- Interior (veh) (3)
- Legislation (3)
- Load (3)
- Modification (3)
- Motorcyclist (3)
- Motorradfahrer (3)
- Old people (3)
- Pkw (3)
- Statistics (3)
- Statistik (3)
- Technische Vorschriften (Kraftfahrzeug) (3)
- Technologie (3)
- Technology (3)
- Tödlicher Unfall (3)
- Use (3)
- Vehicle regulations (3)
- Verformung (3)
- Verhalten (3)
- Veränderung (3)
- Abdomen (2)
- Active safety system (2)
- Airbag (2)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (2)
- Anti locking device (2)
- Ausrüstung (2)
- Automatic (2)
- Automatisch (2)
- Autonomes Fahrzeug (2)
- Autonomous vehicle (2)
- Cervical vertebrae (2)
- Classification (2)
- Cost benefit analysis (2)
- Crash Test (2)
- Development (2)
- Driver information (2)
- Efficiency (2)
- Entwicklung (2)
- Equipment (2)
- Error (2)
- Fahrerinformation (2)
- Fahrstabilität (2)
- Fehler (2)
- Forecast (2)
- Forschungsarbeit (2)
- Forschungsbericht (2)
- Gewicht (2)
- Halswirbel (2)
- Hospital (2)
- Human body (2)
- Intelligent transport system (2)
- Klassifizierung (2)
- Krankenhaus (2)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (2)
- Measurement (2)
- Menschlicher Körper (2)
- Messung (2)
- Motorcycle (2)
- Motorrad (2)
- Norm (tech) (2)
- On the spot accident investigation (2)
- Prognose (2)
- Research project (2)
- Research report (2)
- Risiko (2)
- Risk (2)
- Severity (acid (2)
- Specification (standard) (2)
- Spinal column (2)
- Test (2)
- Traffic (2)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (2)
- Unterleib (2)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (2)
- Vehicle handling (2)
- Verkehr (2)
- Versuch (2)
- Vorn (2)
- Weight (2)
- Windschutzscheibe (2)
- Windscreen (veh) (2)
- Wirbelsäule (2)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (2)
- (menschl) (1)
- Abnutzung (1)
- Accident rate (1)
- Accident reconstruction (1)
- Active safety (1)
- Adult (1)
- Aged people (1)
- Air bag (restraint system) (1)
- Aktive Sicherheit (1)
- Angle (1)
- Anhänger (1)
- Anthropmetric dummy (1)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (1)
- Antiblockiersystem (1)
- Antikollisionssystem (1)
- Apparatus (measuring) (1)
- Asphaltstraße (Oberbau) (1)
- Attitude (psychol) (1)
- Auffahrunfall (1)
- Autobahn (1)
- Baustelle (1)
- Behinderter (1)
- Bein (1)
- Bicycle (1)
- Bicyclist (1)
- Bridge (1)
- Bruch (mech) (1)
- Brücke (1)
- Cadaver (1)
- Cause (1)
- Chassis (1)
- Collision avoidance system (1)
- Communication (1)
- Construction site (1)
- Cooperative intelligent transport system (1)
- Crashtest (1)
- Damage (1)
- Data acquisition (1)
- Data security (1)
- Datenerfassung (1)
- Datensicherheit (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- Deceleration (1)
- Delivery vehicle (1)
- Demografie (1)
- Demography (1)
- Detection (1)
- Detektion (1)
- Disabled person (1)
- Driving (veh) (1)
- Durability (1)
- Dynamic penetration test (1)
- EU directive (1)
- EU-Richtlinie (1)
- Einstellung (psychol) (1)
- Electroencephalography (1)
- Electronic stability program (1)
- Elektroencephalographie (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (1)
- Empfindlichkeit (1)
- Erwachsener (1)
- Eye movement (1)
- Fahrassistenzsystem (1)
- Fahrleistung (1)
- Fahrrad (1)
- Fahrwerk (1)
- Fahrzeugführung (1)
- Failure (1)
- Fatigue (human) (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Flexible pavement (1)
- Foot (not a measure) (1)
- Force (1)
- Frau (1)
- Fuß (1)
- Haftung (jur) (1)
- Head (human) (1)
- Height (1)
- Hinten (1)
- Höhe (1)
- Hüfte (menschl) (1)
- Impact study (1)
- Incident detection (1)
- Intelligentes Transportsystem (1)
- Intelligentes Verkehrssystem (1)
- Interface (1)
- Intersection (1)
- Interview (1)
- Kleintransporter (1)
- Knie (1)
- Knotenpunkt (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Kooperatives System (ITS) (1)
- Kopf (menschl) (1)
- Kraft (1)
- Kraftfahrzeug (1)
- Kunststoff (1)
- Landstraße (1)
- Leichnam (1)
- Lenken (Fahrzeug) (1)
- Liability (1)
- Lidschlag (1)
- Lkw (1)
- Lorry (1)
- Mathematical model (1)
- Medical examination (1)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (1)
- Messgerät (1)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (1)
- Motorway (1)
- Müdigkeit (1)
- Optimum (1)
- Overlapping (1)
- Pavement Management System (1)
- Pavement management system (1)
- Pelvis (1)
- Pfahl (1)
- Pile (1)
- Plastic material (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Prototyp (1)
- Prototype (1)
- Prüefverfahren (1)
- Public transport (1)
- Quality (1)
- Qualität (1)
- Rammsondierung (1)
- Rear (1)
- Rear end collision (1)
- Rechenmodell (1)
- Reconstruction (accid) (1)
- Richtlinien (1)
- Robot (1)
- Roboter (1)
- Rural road (1)
- Rutting (wheel) (1)
- Sachschaden (1)
- Safety fence (1)
- Safety glass (1)
- Schnittstelle (1)
- Schutz (1)
- Schutzeinrichtung (1)
- Seite (1)
- Sensitivity (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sicherheitsglas (1)
- Side (1)
- Social factors (1)
- Soziale Faktoren (1)
- Spain (1)
- Spanien (1)
- Specifications (1)
- Spurrinne (1)
- Stadt (1)
- Stand der Technik (Bericht) (1)
- State of the art report (1)
- Steering (process) (1)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (1)
- Stress (psychol) (1)
- Störfallentdeckung (1)
- Telecommunication (1)
- Telekommunikation (1)
- Telematics (1)
- Telematik (1)
- Traffic control (1)
- Traffic regulations (1)
- Trailer (1)
- Transport (1)
- USA (1)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (1)
- United kingdom (1)
- Urban area (1)
- Ursache (1)
- Vehicle mile (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (1)
- Verhütung (1)
- Verkehrssteuerung (1)
- Verzögerung (1)
- Vorne (1)
- Wear (1)
- Winkel (1)
- Wirkungsanalyse (1)
- Woman (1)
- Zusammenstoss (1)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (1)
- Überdeckung (1)
Institut
- Sonstige (59) (entfernen)
Müdigkeit am Steuer ist eine bedeutsame Ursache von Straßenverkehrsunfällen. Es steht eine Fülle unterschiedlicher Methoden zur Verfügung, um Müdigkeit beim Fahrer zu erkennen. Ziel des vorliegenden Projekts war es, auf Basis einer mehrstufigen Befragung von zwölf Experten aus Industrie- und Hochschulforschung die Stärken und Schwächen der derzeit validesten objektiven Müdigkeitsmessverfahren vergleichend zu beschreiben. Als Basis der Bewertung diente ein eigens erarbeiteter Gütekriterienkatalog. Zu den validesten Müdigkeitsmessverfahren gehören aus Expertensicht Lenkverhalten und Spurhaltung, Indikatoren des Lidschlussverhaltens und des EEG, das videobasierte Expertenrating sowie der kontrovers diskutierte Pupillografische Schläfrigkeitstest. Die Güteprofile der sechs ausgewählten Messverfahren werden aufgeführt. Je nach Einsatzgebiet sind alle ausgewählten Messverfahren (Forschung und Entwicklung), nur einige (Müdigkeitswarnsystem im Fahrzeug), oder kein einziges (Verkehrskontrolle) geeignet. Dem Urteil der Experten nach bedarf eine valide Müdigkeitserfassung der Kombination von mindestens zwei Messverfahren unter Berücksichtigung der spezifischen Stärke-Schwächenprofile.
In the European Project FIMCAR, a proposal for a frontal impact test configuration was developed which included an additional full width deformable barrier (FWDB) test. Motivation for the deformable element was partly to measure structural forces as well as to produce a severe crash pulse different from that in the offset test. The objective of this study was to analyze the safety performance of vehicles in the full width rigid barrier test (FWRB) and in the full width deformable barrier test (FWDB). In total, 12 vehicles were crashed in both configurations. Comparison of these tests to real world accident data was used to identify the crash barrier most representative of real world crashes. For all vehicles, the airbag visible times were later in the FWDB configuration. This was attributed to the attenuation of the initial acceleration peak, observed in FWRB tests, by the addition of the deformable element. These findings were in alignment with airbag triggering times seen in real world crash data. Also, the dummy loadings were slightly worse in FWDB compared to FWRB tests, which is possibly linked to the airbag firing and a more realistic loading of the vehicle crash structures in the FWDB configuration. Evaluations of the lower extremities have shown a general increasing of the tibia index with the crash pulse severity.
The project UR:BAN "Cognitive assistance (KA)" aims at developing future assistance systems providing improved performance in complex city traffic. New state-of-the-art panoramic sensor technologies now allow comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of the vehicle environment. In order to improve protection of vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists, a particular objective of UR:BAN is the evaluation and prediction of their behaviour and actions. The objective of subproject "WER" is development support by providing quantitative estimates of traffic collisions at the very start and predict potential in terms of optimized accident avoidance and reduction of injury severity. For this purpose an integrated computer simulation toolkit is being devised based on real world accidents (GIDAS as well as video documented accidents), allowing the prediction of potential effectiveness and future benefit of assistance systems in this accident scenario. Subsequently, this toolkit may be used for optimizing the design of implemented assistance systems for improved effectiveness.
Established in 1997, the European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) provides consumers with a safety performance assessment for the majority of the most popular cars in Europe. Thanks to its rigorous crash tests, Euro NCAP has rapidly become an important driver safety improvement to new cars. After ten years of rating vehicles, Euro NCAP felt that a change was necessary to stay in tune with rapidly emerging driver assistance and crash avoidance systems and to respond to shifting priorities in road safety. A new overall rating system was introduced that combines the most important aspects of vehicle safety under a single star rating. The overall rating system has allowed Euro NCAP to continue to push for better fitment and higher performance for vehicles sold on the European market. In the coming years, the safety rating is expected to play an important role in the support of the roll-out of highly automated vehicles.
Motorcycling is a fascinating kind of transportation. While the riders' direct exposure to the environment and the unique driving dynamics are essential to this fascination, they both cause a risk potential which is several times higher than when driving a car. This chapter gives a detailed introduction to the fundamentals of motorcycle dynamics and shows how its peculiarities and limitations place high demands on the layout of dynamics control systems, especially when cornering. The basic principles of dynamic stabilization and directional control are addressed along with four characteristic modes of instability (capsize, wobble, weave, and kickback). Special attention is given to the challenges of braking (brake force distribution, dynamic over-braking, kinematic instability, and brake steer torque induced righting behavior). It is explained how these challenges are addressed by state-of-the-art brake, traction, and suspension control systems in terms of system layout and principles of function. It is illustrated how the integration of additional sensors " essentially roll angle assessment " enhances the cornering performance in all three categories, fostering a trend to higher system integration levels. An outlook on potential future control systems shows exemplarily how the undesired righting behavior when braking in curves can be controlled, e.g., by means of a so-called brake steer torque avoidance mechanism (BSTAM), forming the basis for predictive brake assist (PBA) or even autonomous emergency braking (AEB). Finally, the very limited potential of brake and chassis control to stabilize yaw and roll motion during unbraked cornering accidents is regarded, closing with a promising glance at roll stabilization through a pair of gimbaled gyroscopes.
In line with the new definition introduced by the European Commission (EC), the number of seriously injured road casualties in Germany for 2014 is assessed in this study. The number of MAIS3+ casualties is estimated by two different methodological approaches. The first approach is based on data from the German Inâ€Depth Accident Study (GIDAS), which is closely related to the German Road Traffic Accident Statistics. The second approach is based on data from the German TraumaRegister DGU-® (TRâ€DGU), which includes many more hospitals but not all MAIS3+ injuries.
Automated driving will provide many kinds of benefits - some direct and some indirect. The benefits originate at the individual level, from changes in the behaviour of drivers and travellers with regard to driving and mobility, ending up with benefits at the social level via changes in the whole transport system and society, where many of the current planning and operations paradigms are likely to be transformed by automated driving. There may also be disbenefits, particularly at a social level, for example in intensity of travel which could result in additional congestion and increased use of natural resources. There may also be unintended consequences. For example, we do not know the impacts on public transport: driverless vehicles could provide a means to a lower cost service provision, but the availability of automated cars could lead to more car travel at the expense of collective transport.
Die Kommunikation zwischen Fahrzeugen und Infrastrukturkomponenten steht vor der Einführung in Europa. Dieser Beitrag stellt zunächst die grundlegende Technologie zum Austausch von Nachrichten und ein Pilotprojekt vor, innerhalb dessen eine sichere Fahrzeug-zu-Infrastruktur Kommunikation konzipiert und praktisch erprobt wird. Darauf aufbauend werden Sicherheitsfragestellungen von Infrastrukturkomponenten beleuchtet und ein Einblick in das Schlüsselmanagement sowohl für Fahrzeuge als auch Infrastrukturkomponenten gegeben.
A reduction of around 48% of all road fatalities was achieved in Europe in the past years including a reduced number of fatalities with an older age. However, among all road fatalities, the proportion of elderly is steadily increasing. In an ageing society, the European (Horizon2020) project SENIORS aims to improve the safe mobility of older road users, who have different transportation habits compared to other age groups. To increase their level of safe mobility by determining appropriate requirements for vehicle safety systems, the characteristics of current road traffic collisions involving the elderly and the injuries that they sustain need to be understood in detail. Hereby, the paper focuses on their traffic participation as pedestrian, cyclist or passenger car occupant. Following a literature review, several national and international crash databases and hospital statistics have been analysed to determine the body regions most frequently and severely injured, specific injuries sustained and types of crashes involved, always comparing older road users (65 years and more) with mid-aged road users (25-64 years). The most important crash scenarios were highlighted. The data sources included European statistics from CARE, data on national level from Germany, Sweden, Italy, United Kingdom and Spain as well as in-depth crash information from GIDAS (Germany), RAIDS (UK), CIREN and NASS-CDS (US). In addition, familiar hospital data from Germany (TraumaRegister DGU-®), Italy (Italian Register of Acute Traumas) and UK hospital statistics (TARN) were included in the study to gain further insight into specific injury patterns. Comprehensive data analyses were performed showing injury patterns of older road users in crashes. When comparing with mid-aged road users, all databases showed that the thorax body region is of particularly high importance for the older car occupant with injury severities of AIS 2 or AIS 3+, whereas the body regions lower extremities, head and thorax need to be considered for the older pedestrians and cyclists. Besides these comparisons, the most frequent and severe top 5 injuries were highlighted per road user group. Further, the most important crash configurations were identified and injury risk functions are provided per age group and road user group. Although several databases have been analysed, the picture on the road safety situation of older road users in Europe was not complete, as only Western European data was available. The linkage between crash data and hospital data could only be made on a general level as their inclusion criteria were quite different.
Advancing active safety towards the protection of vulnerable road users: the PROSPECT project
(2017)
Accidents involving Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) are still a very significant issue for road safety. According to the World Health Organisation, pedestrian and cyclist deaths account for more than 25% of all road traffic deaths worldwide. Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems have the potential to improve safety for these VRU groups. The PROSPECT project (Proactive Safety for Pedestrians and Cyclists) aims to significantly improve the effectiveness of active VRU safety systems compared to those currently on the market by expanding the scope of scenarios addressed by the systems and improving the overall system performance. The project pursues an integrated approach: Newest available accident data combined with naturalistic observations and HMI guidelines represent key inputs for the system specifications, which form the basis for the system development. For system development, two main aspects are considered: advanced sensor processing with situation analysis, and intervention strategies including braking and steering. All these concepts are implemented in several vehicle prototypes. Special emphasis is put on balancing system performance in critical scenarios and avoiding undesired system activations. For system validation, testing in realistic scenarios will be done. Results will allow the performance assessment of the developed concepts and a cost-benefit analysis. The findings within the PROSPECT project will contribute to the generation of state -of-the-art knowledge, technical innovations, assessment methodologies and tools for advancing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems towards the protection of VRUs. The introduction of a new generation safety system in the market will enhance VRU road safety in 2020-2025, contributing to the "Vision Zero" objective of no fatalities or serious injuries in road traffic set out in the Transport White Paper. Furthermore, the test methodologies and tools developed within the project shall be considered for the New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) future roadmaps, supporting the European Commission goal of halving the road toll in the 2011-2020 timeframe.