Sonstige
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (336) (entfernen)
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (336) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (303)
- Konferenz (299)
- Germany (144)
- Deutschland (142)
- Accident (136)
- Unfall (136)
- Injury (88)
- Verletzung (87)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (79)
- Statistics (59)
- Statistik (58)
- Analyse (math) (55)
- Analysis (math) (54)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (53)
- Tödlicher Unfall (53)
- Fatality (52)
- Reconstruction (accid) (51)
- Severity (accid, injury) (51)
- Datenbank (41)
- Data acquisition (40)
- Datenerfassung (40)
- On the spot accident investigation (40)
- Simulation (40)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (39)
- injury) (39)
- Safety (38)
- Car (37)
- Cause (37)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (37)
- Sicherheit (37)
- Ursache (37)
- Verletzung) (37)
- Severity (accid (35)
- Driver (34)
- Fußgänger (34)
- Pedestrian (34)
- Fahrer (33)
- Fahrzeug (32)
- Bewertung (31)
- Unfallverhütung (31)
- Vehicle (31)
- Evaluation (assessment) (30)
- Accident reconstruction (28)
- Data bank (28)
- Test (28)
- Zusammenstoß (28)
- Accident prevention (27)
- Collision (27)
- Geschwindigkeit (26)
- Versuch (26)
- Speed (25)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (24)
- Motorcyclist (24)
- Motorradfahrer (24)
- Cyclist (23)
- Radfahrer (23)
- Method (22)
- Active safety system (21)
- Anfahrversuch (21)
- Efficiency (21)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (21)
- PKW (21)
- Risiko (21)
- Verfahren (21)
- Head on collision (20)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (19)
- Insasse (19)
- Europa (18)
- Europe (18)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (18)
- Interview (18)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (17)
- Pkw (17)
- Risk (17)
- Prevention (16)
- Vehicle occupant (16)
- Alte Leute (15)
- Old people (15)
- Accident rate (14)
- Behaviour (14)
- Berechnung (14)
- Driver assistance system (14)
- Motorrad (14)
- Passive safety system (14)
- Sicherheitsgurt (14)
- Verhalten (14)
- Benutzung (13)
- Calculation (13)
- Digital model (13)
- Driving aptitude (13)
- Improvement (13)
- Motorcycle (13)
- Numerisches Modell (13)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (13)
- Use (13)
- Verbesserung (13)
- Verminderung (13)
- Auffahrunfall (12)
- Database (12)
- Decrease (12)
- Rear end collision (12)
- Safety belt (12)
- Überschlagen (12)
- Child (11)
- Development (11)
- Entwicklung (11)
- Fahrzeugführung (11)
- Human factor (11)
- Impact test (veh) (11)
- Kind (11)
- Measurement (11)
- Menschlicher Faktor (11)
- Messung (11)
- Prognose (11)
- Prüfverfahren (11)
- Risikobewertung (11)
- Schutzhelm (11)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (11)
- Skill (road user) (11)
- Test method (11)
- Crash helmet (10)
- Driving (veh) (10)
- Fahrzeugsitz (10)
- Overturning (veh) (10)
- Rechenmodell (10)
- Risk assessment (10)
- Side impact (10)
- Airbag (9)
- Austria (9)
- EU (9)
- Error (9)
- Fahranfänger (9)
- Head (9)
- Instandsetzung (9)
- Japan (9)
- Kopf (9)
- Leg (human) (9)
- Lorry (9)
- Mathematical model (9)
- Metal bridge (9)
- Orthotropic plate (9)
- Recently qualified driver (9)
- Repair (9)
- Seat (veh) (9)
- Stahlbrücke (9)
- Verhütung (9)
- Österreich (9)
- Age (8)
- Air bag (restraint system) (8)
- Alter (8)
- Biomechanics (8)
- Biomechanik (8)
- Blood alcohol content (8)
- Blutalkoholgehalt (8)
- Bremsung (8)
- Brustkorb (8)
- Driver training (8)
- Drunkenness (8)
- Fehler (8)
- Forecast (8)
- Legislation (8)
- Planning (8)
- Sachschaden (8)
- Trunkenheit (8)
- Antikollisionssystem (7)
- Blood (7)
- Blut (7)
- Braking (7)
- Bridge (7)
- Damage (7)
- Deformation (7)
- Erste Hilfe (7)
- Expert opinion (7)
- Fahreignung (7)
- Fracture (bone) (7)
- Front (7)
- Gesetzgebung (7)
- Gutachten (7)
- Illness (7)
- Knochenbruch (7)
- Krankenhaus (7)
- Krankheit (7)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (7)
- Modification (7)
- Planung (7)
- Specifications (7)
- USA (7)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (7)
- Verformung (7)
- Veränderung (7)
- Wirbelsäule (7)
- Air pollution (6)
- Bein (menschl) (6)
- Chemical analysis (6)
- Chemische Analyse (6)
- China (6)
- Collision avoidance system (6)
- Einstellung (psychol) (6)
- Erziehung (6)
- Fahrausbildung (6)
- Fahrgeschicklichkeit (6)
- Hospital (6)
- Impact study (6)
- India (6)
- Indien (6)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Fahrer) (6)
- Luftverunreinigung (6)
- Medical examination (6)
- Nitrogen oxide (6)
- Ort (Position) (6)
- Orthotrope Fahrbahntafel (6)
- Policy (6)
- Politik (6)
- Portugal (6)
- Richtlinien (6)
- Software (6)
- Thorax (6)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (6)
- Adolescent (5)
- Analyse (Math) (5)
- Attitude (psychol) (5)
- Bremse (5)
- Cervical vertebrae (5)
- Correlation (math, stat) (5)
- Droge (5)
- Drugs (5)
- Education (5)
- Eins (5)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (5)
- First aid (5)
- France (5)
- Frankreich (5)
- Frau (5)
- Halswirbel (5)
- Highway (5)
- Impact test (5)
- Information (5)
- Jugendlicher (5)
- Knotenpunkt (5)
- Location (5)
- Main road (5)
- Medical aspects (5)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (5)
- Mobility (5)
- Mobilität (5)
- One (5)
- Post crash (5)
- Road network (5)
- Schweissen (5)
- Spinal column (5)
- Steifigkeit (5)
- Stickoxid (5)
- Stiffness (5)
- Straßennetz (5)
- United Kingdom (5)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (5)
- Vorn (5)
- Welding (5)
- Alcohol test (4)
- Alkoholtest (4)
- Angle (4)
- Balken (4)
- Beam (4)
- Bearing capacity (4)
- Belastung (4)
- Bemessung (4)
- Berufsausübung (4)
- Blech (4)
- Brake (4)
- Brücke (4)
- Coefficient of friction (4)
- Collision test (veh) (4)
- Concentration (chem) (4)
- Cost benefit analysis (4)
- Cracking (4)
- Decision process (4)
- Delivery vehicle (4)
- Design (overall design) (4)
- Detection (4)
- Distraction (4)
- Dynamics (4)
- Dynamik (4)
- Electronic stability program (4)
- Entscheidungsprozess (4)
- Estimation (4)
- Fahrdatenschreiber (4)
- Fahrtüchtigkeit (4)
- Finite element method (4)
- Geschichte (4)
- History (4)
- Human body (4)
- Information documentation (4)
- International (4)
- Junction (4)
- Kontrolle (4)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (4)
- LKW (4)
- Lieferfahrzeug (4)
- Lkw (4)
- Load (4)
- Menschlicher Körper (4)
- Nanotechnologie (4)
- Nanotechnology (4)
- Oberfläche (4)
- Oberflächentextur (4)
- Occupant (veh) (4)
- Occupation (4)
- Organisation (4)
- Oxid (4)
- Oxide (4)
- Regression analysis (4)
- Regressionsanalyse (4)
- Reibungsbeiwert (4)
- Reinforcement (gen) (4)
- Rissbildung (4)
- Road construction (4)
- Schrägseilbrücke (4)
- Schweden (4)
- Sensor (4)
- Sheet (metal) (4)
- Sichtbarkeit (4)
- Stadt (4)
- Stayed girder bridge (4)
- Straße (4)
- Straßenbau (4)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (4)
- Surface (4)
- Surface texture (4)
- Surveillance (4)
- Titan (4)
- Titanium (4)
- Traffic (4)
- Traffic regulations (4)
- Tragfähigkeit (4)
- Transport infrastructure (4)
- Unfallfolgemaßnahme (4)
- Urban area (4)
- Verkehr (4)
- Verstärkung (allg) (4)
- Sichtbarkeit (4)
- Winkel (4)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (4)
- Woman (4)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (Unfall) (3)
- Ablenkung (psychol) (3)
- Adaptation (psychol) (3)
- Administration (3)
- Advanced driver assistance system (3)
- Anpassung (psychol) (3)
- Anthropometric dummy (3)
- Arzneimittel (3)
- Attention (3)
- Aufmerksamkeit (3)
- Auftrag (3)
- Australia (3)
- Australien (3)
- Bau (3)
- Befreiung (Bergung) (3)
- Beinahe Unfall (3)
- Beschichtung (3)
- Bicycle (3)
- Blickfeld (3)
- Bridge deck (3)
- Cable (3)
- Camera (3)
- Case law (3)
- Classification (3)
- Coating (3)
- Construction (3)
- Contract (3)
- Cost (3)
- Crash test (3)
- Czech Republic (3)
- Detektion (3)
- Effectiveness (3)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (3)
- Ermüdung (mater) (3)
- Event data recorder (road vehicle) (3)
- Extrication (3)
- Fahrbahntafel (3)
- Fahrrad (3)
- Fahrsimulator (3)
- Fahrstabilität (3)
- Field of vision (3)
- Financing (3)
- Finanzierung (3)
- Forschungsarbeit (3)
- Gemeindeverwaltung (3)
- Genauigkeit (3)
- Gesetzesdurchführung (3)
- Government (national) (3)
- Grenzwert (3)
- Hazard (3)
- Head restraint (3)
- Impact sled (3)
- Installation (3)
- Interior (veh) (3)
- Kamera (3)
- Klassifizierung (3)
- Kleidung (3)
- Konzentration (chem) (3)
- Kopfstütze (3)
- Korea (Süd) (Demokratische Republik) (3)
- Limit (3)
- Local authority (3)
- Man (3)
- Mann (3)
- Medication (3)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (3)
- Modell (3)
- Montage (3)
- Near miss (3)
- Orthotrope Platte (3)
- Passenger (3)
- Personal (3)
- Personnel (3)
- Probability (3)
- Psychologie (3)
- Psychology (3)
- Quer (3)
- Reaction (human) (3)
- Reaktionsverhalten (3)
- Rechtsprechung (3)
- Recording (3)
- Rehabilitation (3)
- Rehabilitation (road user) (3)
- Republic of Korea (3)
- Risk taking (3)
- Run off the road (accid) (3)
- Schutzeinrichtung (3)
- Seite (3)
- Shock (3)
- Simulator (driving) (3)
- Standardisierung (3)
- Steife (Brücke) (3)
- Stiffener (Bridge) (3)
- Technologie (3)
- Technology (3)
- Theorie (3)
- Theory (3)
- Transverse (3)
- Tschechische Republik (3)
- Tunnel (3)
- Unfallschwerpunkt (3)
- United kingdom (3)
- Vehicle handling (3)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (3)
- Verschiebung (3)
- Versuchspuppe (3)
- Verwaltung (3)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (3)
- Abbiegen (2)
- Abdomen (2)
- Acceleration (2)
- Accident black spot (2)
- Accident proneness (2)
- Accuracy (2)
- Aggression (psychol) (2)
- Arbeitsgruppe (2)
- Audit (2)
- Aufprallschlitten (2)
- Aufzeichnung (2)
- Ausrüstung (2)
- Autobahn (2)
- Automatisch (2)
- Automatische Notbremsung (2)
- Autonomous emergency braking (2)
- Ballungsgebiet (2)
- Behinderter (2)
- Bein (2)
- Beschleunigung (2)
- Blutkreislauf (2)
- Body (car) (2)
- Bremsweg (2)
- Brückenbelag (2)
- Budget (2)
- Bus (2)
- Chromatographie (2)
- Chromatography (2)
- Circulation (blood) (2)
- Clothing (2)
- Coach (2)
- Compatibility (2)
- Compliance (specif) (2)
- Composite bridge (2)
- Contact (tyre road) (2)
- Continuous (2)
- Conurbation (2)
- Crash victim (2)
- Crossing the road (2)
- Damping (2)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (2)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (2)
- Depth (2)
- Deutschalnd (2)
- Digital image processing (2)
- Digitale Bildverarbeitung (2)
- Disablement (2)
- Dreidimensional (2)
- Driver information (2)
- Durability (2)
- Dämpfung (2)
- EU directive (2)
- EU-Richtlinie (2)
- Edge (2)
- Eigenschaft (2)
- Eindringung (2)
- Eingabedaten (2)
- Electric bicycle (2)
- Electronic driving aid (2)
- Elektrofahrrad (2)
- Emission control (2)
- Emissionskontrolle (2)
- Enforcement (law) (2)
- Entdeckung (2)
- Environment (2)
- Equipment (2)
- Erfahrung (menschl) (2)
- Ergonomics (2)
- Ergonomie (2)
- Eu (2)
- European Union (2)
- Experience (human) (2)
- Fahrbahnüberquerung (2)
- Fahrernachschulung (2)
- Fahrerweiterbildung (2)
- Fahrtauglichkeit (2)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (2)
- Faserbewehrter Beton (2)
- Fatigue (human) (2)
- Fatigue (mater) (2)
- Fiber reinforced concrete (2)
- Finland (2)
- Finnland (2)
- Fire (2)
- Frequency (2)
- Gas (2)
- Geländefahrzeug (2)
- Gesetzesübertretung (2)
- Griffigkeit (2)
- Group analysis (test) (2)
- Haftung (jur) (2)
- Harmonisation (2)
- High performance concrete (2)
- Highway design (2)
- Hinten (2)
- Input data (2)
- Karosserie (2)
- Knee (human) (2)
- Knie (menschl) (2)
- Kompatibilität (2)
- Kontakt Reifen Straße (2)
- Kontinuierlich (2)
- Kosten (2)
- Langfristig (2)
- Length (2)
- Liability (2)
- Long term (2)
- Longitudinal (2)
- Längs (2)
- Lärm (2)
- Lärmschutzwand (2)
- Methode der finite Elemente (2)
- Mittelwert (2)
- Mobile phone (2)
- Mobiltelefon (2)
- Model (not math) (2)
- Movement (2)
- Müdigkeit (2)
- Netherlands (2)
- Niederlande (2)
- Noise (2)
- Noise barrier (2)
- Offence (2)
- Organization (2)
- Organization (association) (2)
- Output (2)
- Overlapping (2)
- Penetration (2)
- Police (2)
- Polizei (2)
- Posture (2)
- Privatisierung (2)
- Properties (2)
- Psychological aspects (2)
- Psychological examination (2)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (2)
- Psychologische Untersuchung (2)
- Public private partnership (2)
- Public transport (2)
- Pylon (2)
- Quality (2)
- Qualität (2)
- Rear (2)
- Regierung (staat) (2)
- Reifenprofil (2)
- Reinforcement (in mater) (2)
- Reisebus (2)
- Research project (2)
- Responsibility (2)
- Restraint system (2)
- Retraining of drivers (2)
- Ringanalyse (2)
- Road traffic (2)
- Road user (2)
- Rücksichtslosigkeit (2)
- Safety fence (2)
- Schlag (2)
- Schleudertrauma (2)
- Schweiz (2)
- Seil (2)
- Seminar (2)
- Severity (acid (2)
- Skidding resistance (2)
- Spain (2)
- Spanien (2)
- Sport utility vehicle (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Straßenentwurf (2)
- Straßenverkehr (2)
- Surfacing (2)
- Sweden (2)
- Switzerland (2)
- Telefon (2)
- Telephone (2)
- Three dimensional (2)
- Tiefe (2)
- Time (2)
- Trapezförmiger Träger (2)
- Trapezoidal beam (2)
- Trend (stat) (2)
- Turn (2)
- Tyre tread (2)
- Umwelt (2)
- Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung (2)
- Unfallneigung (2)
- Unfallopfer (2)
- Unterleib (2)
- Vegetation (2)
- Vehicle regulations (2)
- Verantwortung (2)
- Verbundbrücke (2)
- Vorne (2)
- Vorschrifteneinhaltung (2)
- Wet road (2)
- Whiplash injury (2)
- Working group (2)
- Zeit (2)
- Zeitreihe (stat) (2)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (2)
- Überlappung (2)
- Abgaben (1)
- Ability (road user) (1)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (1)
- Ablenkung (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Abstandsregeltempomat (1)
- Acceptability (1)
- Accident data (1)
- Accident prone location (1)
- Accident severity (1)
- Active safety system; Automatic; Brake; Car; Collision avoidance system; Conference; Driver assistance system; Germany; Impact test (veh); Rear end collision; Severity (accid (1)
- Activity report (1)
- Adaptive cruise controll (1)
- Addiction (1)
- Adult (1)
- Aesthetics (1)
- Aethanol (1)
- Aggression (psycho) (1)
- Aggressiveness (psychol) (1)
- Air traffic control (1)
- Airbag (restraint system) (1)
- Alcohol (1)
- Alkohol (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Analyses (math) (1)
- Anchorage (1)
- Animal (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
- Anthropometry (1)
- Anti locking device (1)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (1)
- Apparatus (measuring) (1)
- Arbeitsplatz (1)
- Arm (human) (1)
- Arm (menschl) (1)
- Atem (1)
- Atives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- Auffharunfall (1)
- Aufzeichung (1)
- Ausführungsfehler (1)
- Automatic (1)
- Autonomes Fahren (1)
- Autonomes Fahrzeug (1)
- Autonomous driving (1)
- Autonomous vehicle (1)
- Autotür (1)
- Average (1)
- Back (human) (1)
- Batterie (1)
- Battery (1)
- Baum (1)
- Baumusterzulassung (1)
- Bein [menschl] (1)
- Bepflanzung (1)
- Bevölkerung (1)
- Bewehrung (1)
- Black ice (1)
- Blasting (1)
- Bone (1)
- Brain (1)
- Braking distance (1)
- Brand (1)
- Brasilien (1)
- Brazil (1)
- Breaking (1)
- Breath (1)
- Bridge surfacing (1)
- Bruch (mech) (1)
- Bypass (loop road) (1)
- Cadaver (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Cantilever (1)
- Car door (1)
- Carbon dioxide (1)
- Case study (1)
- Chest (1)
- Cognitive impairment (1)
- Colthing (1)
- Communication (1)
- Comprehension (1)
- Compression (1)
- Computation (1)
- Condition survey (1)
- Conference; Germany; Injury; Medical examination; Spinal column; X ray (1)
- Contact (tyre (1)
- Contractor (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Crashtest (1)
- Cross roads (1)
- Customer (1)
- Cycle track (1)
- Cycling (1)
- Data base (1)
- Data security (1)
- Data transmission (telecom) (1)
- Datensicherheit (1)
- Datenübertragung (Telekom) (1)
- Datenübertragung (telekom) (1)
- Dauer (1)
- Day (24 hour period) (1)
- Decke (Straße) (1)
- Defect (tech) (1)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (1)
- Deformierte Barriere (Anpralltest) (1)
- Density (1)
- Dichte (1)
- Digital computer (1)
- Digitalrechner (1)
- Dispersion (stat) (1)
- Displacement (1)
- Distribution (gen) (1)
- Driving (1)
- Driving aid (electronic) (1)
- Dtetection (1)
- Durchsichtigkeit (1)
- Ecosystem (1)
- Eichung (1)
- Einbau (1)
- Einfahrt (1)
- Ejection (1)
- Elastizitätsmodul (1)
- Electric vehicle (1)
- Electronics (1)
- Elektrofahrzeug (1)
- Elektronik (1)
- Elektronische Fahrhilfe (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogram (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emergency medical aid (1)
- Energie (1)
- Energy (1)
- Enteignung (1)
- Entgleisung (Zug) (1)
- Entrance (1)
- Entschädigung (1)
- Environmental impact analysis (1)
- Environmental protection (1)
- Epilepsie (1)
- Epilepsy (1)
- Ernährung (1)
- Ersatzdroge (1)
- Erwachsener (1)
- Ethanol (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Event data recorder (Road vehicle) (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Expertensystem (1)
- Explosion (1)
- Expressway (1)
- Expropriation (1)
- Face (human) (1)
- Facility (1)
- Fahrer ; Fahrerassistenzsystem (1)
- Fahrerinformationen (1)
- Fahrzeugdach (1)
- Fahrzeugflotte (1)
- Fahrzeugrückhaltesystem (1)
- Fahrzeugteil (Sicherheit) (1)
- Fallstudie (1)
- Fatigue (mech) (1)
- Fear (1)
- Feinstaub (1)
- Fence (1)
- Feuer (1)
- Fleet of vehicles (1)
- Flugsicherung (1)
- Flächennutzungsplan (1)
- Flächentragwerk (1)
- Food (1)
- Foot (not a measure) (1)
- Form (1)
- Forschungsbericht (1)
- Foundation (1)
- Frequenz (1)
- Friction (1)
- Fruchtsaft (1)
- Fruit (1)
- Fruit juice (1)
- Fuel tank (1)
- Furcht (1)
- Fuß (1)
- Führerschein Punktesystem (1)
- Gefahrenabwehr (1)
- Gehirn (1)
- Geografisches Information System (1)
- Geographical information system (1)
- Geometry (shape) (1)
- Geophysic (1)
- Geophysik (1)
- Geradeausverkehr (1)
- Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung (1)
- Gesicht (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Gewicht (1)
- Glatteis (1)
- Grunderwerb (1)
- Gründung (1)
- Gussasphalt (1)
- Harmonisierung (1)
- Health (1)
- Heat (1)
- Herausschleudern (1)
- Herstellung (1)
- Hip (human) (1)
- Hochfester Beton (1)
- Hochleistungsbeton (1)
- Homogeneity (1)
- Homogenität (1)
- Hospitsl (1)
- Human machine interface (1)
- Hängebrücke (1)
- Häufigkeit (1)
- Hüfte (1)
- Image analysis (1)
- Image generation (1)
- Immission (1)
- Impact (collision) (1)
- Impact study (environment) (1)
- In situ (1)
- Indemnity (1)
- Inertia reel safety belt (1)
- Information management (1)
- Infotainment System (1)
- Infotainment system (1)
- Interactive model (1)
- Interaktives Modell (1)
- Intersection (1)
- Inventar (1)
- Inventory (1)
- Ireland (1)
- Irland (1)
- Italien (1)
- Italy (1)
- Itinerary (1)
- Jahreszeit (1)
- Kabel (1)
- Knochen (1)
- Kognitive Beeinträchtigung (1)
- Kohlendioxid (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Kontakt Reifen-Straße (1)
- Konzentration (1)
- Korea (Süd) (1)
- Korrelation [math (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- Kraftstofftank (1)
- Kragarm (1)
- Kreisverkehrsplatz (1)
- Kreuzung (1)
- Kunde (1)
- Körperhaltung (1)
- Körperstellung (1)
- Land acquisition (1)
- Lap strap (1)
- Lateral (1)
- Lateral collision (1)
- Law enforcement (1)
- Laying (1)
- Learning (1)
- Lebensdauer (1)
- Leichnam (1)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Allg.) (1)
- Life cycle (1)
- Links (1)
- Länge (1)
- Maintenance (1)
- Malaysia (1)
- Manufacture (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Massenunfall (1)
- Mathematical Model (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Mean (math) (1)
- Mensch Maschine Schnittstelle (1)
- Text (1)
- Messgerät (1)
- Methanol (1)
- Minimum (1)
- Modulus of elasticity (1)
- Moped (1)
- Motorisierungsgrad (1)
- Motorway (1)
- Multiple collision (1)
- Nachricht (1)
- Nacht (1)
- Nachtrunk (1)
- Nasse Strasse (1)
- Nasse Straße (1)
- Nerve (1)
- Nerven (1)
- Network (traffic) (1)
- Neurologie (1)
- Neurology (1)
- Nigeria (1)
- Night (1)
- Nordamerika (1)
- Norm (tech) (1)
- North America (1)
- Norway (1)
- Norwegen (1)
- Notfall (1)
- Nummer (1)
- Nutzwertanalyse (1)
- Obst (1)
- Offender (1)
- Official approval (1)
- Offset impact test (1)
- On the left (1)
- On the right (1)
- On the spot investigation (1)
- Overturning (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- Padding (safety) (1)
- Particulate matter (1)
- Partnerschaft (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Passive restraint system (1)
- Perception (1)
- Pfosten (1)
- Physiologie (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Platte (1)
- Point demerit system (1)
- Pole (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Pollution concentration (1)
- Population (1)
- Portable (1)
- Position (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Privat (1)
- Private (1)
- Privatisation (1)
- Privatization (1)
- Prohibition (1)
- Protective helmet (1)
- Prototyp (1)
- Prototype (1)
- Prüfung (1)
- Pssives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- Public participation (1)
- QAccident (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Quality management system (1)
- Qualitätsmanagementsystem (1)
- Qualitätssicherung (1)
- Radar (1)
- Radfahren (1)
- Radweg (1)
- Rail bound transport (1)
- Rail traffic (1)
- Rechts (1)
- Rechtsübertreter (1)
- Recidicist (1)
- Reconstruction [accid] (1)
- Reduction (decrease) (1)
- Regierung (Staat) (1)
- Regional planning (1)
- Reibung (1)
- Reifen (1)
- Reiseweg (1)
- Republic of Corea (1)
- Research projekt (1)
- Research report (1)
- Residential area (1)
- Resuscitation (1)
- Reversing (veh) (1)
- Rib (1)
- Richtlinie (1)
- Risikoverhalten (1)
- Road pricing (1)
- Road transport (1)
- Roadside (1)
- Roll over (veh) (1)
- Roof (veh) (1)
- Rotation (1)
- Roundabout (1)
- Rsk (1)
- Run oo the road (accid) (1)
- Rupture (1)
- Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- Rücken (1)
- Rückfalltäter (1)
- Rückwärtsfahren (1)
- Safety harness (1)
- Safety system (1)
- Saftey (1)
- Sauerstoff (1)
- Schienentransport (1)
- Schienenverkehr (1)
- School (1)
- Schule (1)
- Schutz (1)
- Schwangerschaft (1)
- Schweregrad (UNfall (1)
- Schwingung (1)
- Schätzung (1)
- Season (1)
- Seat (1)
- Seat belt (1)
- Seat harness (1)
- Security (1)
- Severity (accid, injuy) (1)
- Shell (struct) (1)
- Sicherheitspolsterung (1)
- Side (1)
- Significance (1)
- Signifikanz (1)
- Slab (1)
- Span (1)
- Spannung (mater) (1)
- Spannweite (1)
- Specification (standard) (1)
- Speed limit (1)
- Speed) (1)
- Spinal calum (1)
- Sri Lanka (1)
- Stadtentwicklung (1)
- Stahl (1)
- Standardabweichung (1)
- Statistik (math) (1)
- Steel (1)
- Stickoxide (1)
- Stochastic process (1)
- Stochastischer Prozess (1)
- Stopping distance (1)
- Straight ahead (traffic) (1)
- Strasse (1)
- Straßenbenutzungsgebühr (1)
- Straßenseitenfläche (1)
- Straßentransport (1)
- Stress (1)
- Stress (in material) (1)
- Stress (psychol) (1)
- Subsequent drink (1)
- Substitution drugs (1)
- Suspension bridge (1)
- Süchtigkeit (1)
- Tag (24 Stunden) (1)
- Tal (1)
- Tax (1)
- Technische Vorschriften (1)
- Technische Vorschriften (Kraftfahrzeug) (1)
- Telecommunication (1)
- Telekommunikation (1)
- Tension (1)
- Thailand (1)
- Tier (1)
- Tower (Bridge) (1)
- Tower (bridge) (1)
- Traffic restraint (1)
- Tragbar (1)
- Transparent (1)
- Transport operator (1)
- Transportunternehmen (1)
- Traveler (1)
- Two dimensional (1)
- Tyre (1)
- Tätigkeitsbericht (1)
- Ultraviolet (1)
- Ultraviolett (1)
- Umgehungsstraße (1)
- Umweltschutz (1)
- Underride prevention (1)
- Unfalldaten (1)
- Unfallfolgephase (1)
- Unfallrate (1)
- Unfallrekonsruktion (1)
- Unfallspurensicherung (1)
- Unfallverhütug (1)
- Ungeschützter Verkehrsteilnehmer (1)
- Unterfahrschutz (1)
- Unterhaltung (1)
- Untersuchung am Umfallort (1)
- Urban development (1)
- Urin (1)
- Urine (1)
- Usa (1)
- Valley (1)
- Value analysis (1)
- Variance analysis (1)
- Varianzanalyse (1)
- Vehicle ownership (1)
- Vehicle restraint system (1)
- Vehicle safety device (1)
- Veletzung) (1)
- Verankerung (1)
- Verbot (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreichl (1)
- Verfahen (1)
- Verkehrsbeschränkung (1)
- Verkehrsnetz (1)
- Vermeidung (1)
- Verständnis (1)
- Verstärkung (Brücke) (1)
- Verteilung (allg) (1)
- Vertragspartner (1)
- Vibration (1)
- Visualisation (1)
- Visualisierung (1)
- Vulnerable road user (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Warning (1)
- Warnung (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Water (1)
- Weather (1)
- Weight (1)
- Window (veh) (1)
- Windschutzscheibe (1)
- Winter maintenance (1)
- Winterdienst (1)
- Witterung (1)
- Wohngebiet (1)
- Women (1)
- Workplace (1)
- Wärme (1)
- Zahl (1)
- Zug (mech) (1)
- Zusammendrückung (1)
- Zustandsbewertung (1)
- Zweidimensional (1)
- accident (1)
- aktives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- analyses (math) (1)
- ar (1)
- efficiency (1)
- fatality (1)
- finite element method (1)
- head (1)
- road) (1)
- simulation (1)
- stat] (1)
- tödlicher Unfall (1)
- Ästhetik (1)
- Öffentlich Private Partnerschaft (1)
- Öffentliche Beteiligung (1)
- Ökosystem (1)
- Überrollung (1)
Institut
The share of high-tensile steel in car bodies has increased over the last years. While occupant safety has generally benefited from this measure, there is a potential risk that, as a result, rescue time may increase considerably. In more than 60% of all car occupant fatalities a technical rescue has been necessary. These are in particular those cases where occupants die immediately at the accident scene. Therefore, in these cases "rescue time" is a very sensitive parameter. In addition to the general analysis of the need of technical rescue and the actual rescue time depending on model years, the injury pattern of occupants requiring technical rescue will be analysed to provide advice for rescue teams. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of rescue measures for the most popular car models depending on the safety cell design is given.
Accidents with vulnerable road users require special attention within the road safety work because these accidents are often accompanied with severe injuries. Thus In 2006 at least 6200 Powered Two Wheeler (PTW) riders were killed in road crashes in the EU 25 representing 16% of the total number of road deaths while accounting for only 2% of the total kilometers driven. For the prevention of accidents with VRU above all the knowledge of the causes of the accidents is of special importance. This study is based on the methodology of the German In-Depth Accident Study GIDAS. Within GIDAS extensive data on various fields of accidentology are collected on-scene from road traffic accidents with injuries in the Hannover and Dresden area. Using a well defined sample plan the collected data is highly representative to the whole German situation (Brühning et al, Otte et al). The need of in-depth accident causation data in accident research led to the development of a special tool for the collection of such data called ACASS (Accident Causation Analysis with Seven Steps), which was implemented in the GIDAS methodology in 2008 and described by Otte in 2009.
Looking at the total of sum of fatal car accidents the number of single-vehicle accidents and particularly run-offroad (ROR) accidents are most frequent. In Austria on the Autobahn ROR accidents amounts to almost 45% of all fatal accidents, i.e. nearly every second fatal accident is caused by ROR accidents and interaction with infrastructure. Approximately 43 people were killed on Autobahns in ROR accidents with passenger cars. One possibility of protection against impacts with infrastructure is the use of guardrails. However, the initial element identified as a turned down terminal could become a dangerous impact object. These turned down terminals may lead a vehicle to roll over or the car "takes-off" when impacting the turned down guardrail. In many cases it is reported that the vehicle is jumping into road side objects such as traffic sign poles or overpasses. On average, nine people are killed in such accidents every year in Austria.
Since 2005, the motorcycle crash fatalities in the US exceeded 10% of the overall annual traffic fatalities. Consequently, it has become critical to gain in-depth understanding of the factors and characteristics contributing to motorcycle crashes. Unfortunately, there currently exists no database gathering the necessary information for an in-depth analysis of the US motorcycle crashes. So this study utilizes the NASS/CDS database (National Automotive Sampling System, Crashworthiness Data System) in order to gain insights into the patterns and factors leading to a NASS/CDS motorcycle crash, from 1997 to 2007. NASS/CDS samples about 5,000 passenger car tow-away crashes per year. Each case includes photographs and detailed data on crash and pre-crash characteristics, vehicle types, trajectories, types of impact, and other pertinent roadway and crash scene information, allowing an in-depth investigation of the crash mechanisms. However, the NASS/CDS sampling process specifically focuses on passenger car crashes, so the cases extracted only correspond to crashes in which a passenger vehicle was towed, and a motorcycle was somehow involved. Thus, a by-hand in-depth review of about 200 cases allowed retrieving 106 relevant crashes for this study, tending to represent the severe passenger vehicle(s) versus motorcycle(s) crashes on US roads. The findings lead to the conclusion that these crashes mostly result from the low conspicuity of the motorcycle, and from the inability of the car drivers to fully appreciate and anticipate the behavior of a motorcycle. Indeed, it has been shown that, first, the car drivers involved in these cases did not attempt any avoidance maneuver, second, they were largely of ages under 25, and finally, the majority of the crashes were in an intersection scenario. In addition, the two major scenarios unveiled were the car attempting a left turn from the opposite direction and the car attempting a left turn from the right. The paper mentions several solutions to enhance the motorcycle- conspicuity and to allow the car drivers to better anticipate its behavior, which seem to be key factors in the intersection-related crashes (and more generally in the passenger vehicle(s) versus motorcycle(s) crashes).
Small overlap frontal crashes are defined by a damage pattern with most of the vehicle deformation concentrated outboard of the main longitudinal structures. These crashes are prominent among frontal crashes resulting in serious and fatal injuries, even among vehicles that perform well in regulatory and consumer information crash tests. One of the critical aspects of understanding these crashes is knowing the crash speeds that cause the types of damage associated with serious injuries. Laboratory crash tests were conducted using 12 vehicles in three small overlap test conditions: pole, vehicle-to-vehicle collinear, and vehicle-to-vehicle oblique (15-degree striking angle). Field reconstruction techniques were used to estimate the delta V for each vehicle, and these results were compared with actual delta V values based on vehicle accelerometer data. Estimated delta Vs were 50% lower than actual values. Velocity change estimates for small overlap frontal crashes in databases such as NASS-CDS significantly underestimate actual values.
In order to enable foreseeing or comparing the benefit of safety systems or driver assistance systems in Germany, in the United States and in Japan, the traffic accident databases in those three countries are examined. The variables used are culpable party, collision partner, accident type, and injury level and the method to re-classify the databases for comparison are proposed. The result indicates that single passenger car fatality is the most frequent in Germany and in the United States, while passenger car vs. pedestrian is the most frequent fatality scenario in Japan. When the casualty by fatality ratio is focused, the greatest difference is observed in rear-end collisions. The ratio of slight injuries in Japan yields about eighteen times as many as those in Germany, and about eight times as many as those in the United States.
Causation patterns and data collection blind spots for fatal intersection accidents in Norway
(2010)
Norwegian fatal intersection accidents from the years 2005-2007 were analysed to identify any causation patterns among their underlying contributing factors, and also to evaluate whether the data collection and documentation procedures used by the Norwegian in-depth investigation teams produces the information necessary to perform causation pattern analysis. A total of 28 fatal accidents were analysed. Details on crash contributing factors for each driver in each crash were first coded using the Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAM), and then aggregated based on whether the driver was going straight or turning. Analysis results indicate that turning drivers to a large extent are faced with perception difficulties and unexpected behaviour from the primary conflict vehicle, while at the same time trying to negotiate a demanding traffic situation. Drivers going straight on the other hand have less perception difficulties. Instead, their main problem is that they largely expect turning drivers to yield. When this assumption is violated, they are either slow to react or do not react at all. Contributing factors often pointed to in literature, e.g. high speed, drugs and/or alcohol and inadequate driver training, played a role in 12 of 28 accidents. While this confirms their prevalence, it also indicates that most drivers end up in these situations due to combinations of less auspicious contributing factors. In terms of data collection and documentation, information on blunt end factors (those more distant in time/space, yet important for the development of events) was more limited than information on sharp end factors (those close in time/space to the crash). A possible explanation is that analysts may view some blunt end factors as event circumstances rather than contributing factors in themselves, and therefore do not report them. There was also an asymmetry in terms of reported obstructions to view due to signposts and vegetation. While frequently reported as contributing for turning drivers, they were rarely reported as contributing for their counterparts in the same accidents. This probably reflects an involuntary focus of the analyst on identifying contributing factors for the driver legally held liable, while less attention is paid to the driver judged not at fault. Since who to blame often is irrelevant from a countermeasure development point of view, this underlying investigator mindset needs addressing to avoid future bias in crash investigation reports.
Providing effective occupant protection in rollover crashes requires supplying the occupant with a restraint system proven effective in the dynamic rollover accident mode. Preventing ejection and providing restraint sufficient to prevent potentially injurious contacts with both interior and exterior vehicle components is paramount for effective rollover occupant protection. Research has shown that the injury potential can be decreased by closely coupling the occupant to the seat. This paper focuses on the effect of restraint system slack and its relationship to occupant excursion and ejection potential during rollover. Various restraint system configurations are evaluated in rollover-type test environments. A review of prior research is presented prior to presenting new quasi-static vehicle inversion studies conducted with live surrogate occupants. Additionally, dynamic rollover testing utilizing anthropometric test devices (ATDs) is presented. The influence of belt looseness and effects of various restraint designs on the belted occupants' injury potential are discussed.
In road traffic accidents, a car-seat and its occupant can be subjected to various crash pulses in the case of a rear impact. This study investigates the influence of crash pulse shape on seat-occupant response and evaluates the corresponding risk of whiplash injury. For this purpose, a rigorously validated seat-occupant system model is used to study different carseat designs and crash pulses. Two different car-seat concepts are also presented which can effectively mitigate whiplash injury for a wide range of crash severity. It is shown that for crash pulses of similar severity, the level of whiplash-risk depends strongly on the combined effects of seat design and crash pulse shape.
Although the statistics show a decreasing rate of child injuries and fatalities in German road accidents more efforts can be made to protect children in cars e.g. by developing appropriate child restraint systems. An important part in of this work can be achieved with the help of crash tests using child dummies. However these crash tests cannot completely reflect the situation of real world crashes as factors like children moving out of the optimal position or children incorrectly fastened by their parents are difficult to predict. Therefore this study gives an overview over the current accident and injury situation of child occupants in cars in German road accidents.
Recent findings from real-world accident data have shown that fatality risks for pedestrians are substantially lower than generally reported in the traffic safety literature. One of the keys to this insight has been the large and random sample of car-to-pedestrian crashes available in the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS). Another key factor has been the proper use of weight factors in order to adjust for outcome-based sampling bias in the accident data. However, a third factor, a priori of unknown importance, has not yet been properly analysed. This is the influence of errors in impact speed estimation. In this study, we derived a statistical model of the impact speed errors for pedestrian accidents present in the GIDAS database. The error model was then applied to investigate the effect of the estimation error on the pedestrian fatality risk as a function of car impact speed. To this end, we applied a method known as the SIMulation-EXtrapolation (SIMEX) method. It was found that the risk curve is fairly tolerant to some amount of random measurement error, but that it does become flattened. It is therefore important that the accident investigations and reconstructions are of high quality to assure that systematic errors are minimised and that the random errors are under control.
The NHTSA-sponsored Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) has collected and analyzed crash, vehicle damage, and detailed injury data from over 4000 case occupants who were patients admitted to Level-I trauma centers following involvement in motor vehicle crashes. Since 2005, CIREN has used a methodology known as "BioTab" to analyze and document the causes of injuries resulting from passenger vehicle crashes. BioTab was developed to provide a complete evidenced-based method to describe and document injury causation from in-depth crash investigations with confidence levels assigned to the causes of injury based on the available evidence. This paper describes how the BioTab method is being used in CIREN to leverage the data collected from in-depth crash investigations, and particularly the detailed injury data available in CIREN, to develop evidence-based assessments of injury causation. CIREN case examples are provided to demonstrate the ability of the BioTab method to improve real-world crash/injury data assessment.
Bone fracture patterns could be crucial in reconstructing the nature of loading, especially in the lower limb and upper limb kinematics in vehicle-pedestrian crashes. In addition, use of FE bone models can be a handy tool to predict vehicle impact velocity and the impact direction. The point of fracture initiation in bone loading has been predicted quite accurately earlier. A methodology that predicts bone crack initiation and its propagation pattern for the six known loading directions using a single material and failure model is presented.
Crash involvement studies using routine accident and exposure data : a case for case-control designs
(2009)
Fortunately, accident involvement is a rare event: the chance of an individual road user trip to end up in a crash is close to zero. Thus, according to general epidemiological principles one can expect the case-control study design to be especially suitable for quantifying the relative risk (odds ratio) of accident involvement of road users with a certain risk factor as compared to road users that do not have this characteristic. Ideally, of course, the database for such a case-control study should be established by drawing two independent random samples of cases (accidental units) and controls (nonaccidental units), respectively. If, however, special data collection is not an option, it is nevertheless possible to analyze routine accident and exposure data under a case-control design in order to fully exploit the information contained in already existing databases. As a prerequisite, accident and exposure data from different sources are to be combined in a single file of micro or grouped data in a way consistent with the case-control study design. Among other things, the proposed methodological approach offers the possibility to use in-depth data of the GIDAS type also in investigations of active vehicle safety by combining this data with appropriate vehicle trip data collected in mobility surveys.
Methods for analyzing the efficiency of primary safety measures based on real life accident data
(2009)
Primary safety measures are designed to help to avoid accidents or, if this is not possible, to stabilize respectively reduce the dynamics of the vehicle to such an extent that the secondary safety measures are able to act as good as possible. The efficiency of a primary safety measure is a criterion for the effectiveness, with which a system of primary safety succeeds in avoiding or mitigation the severity of accidents within its range of operation and in interactionwith driver and vehicle. Based on Daimler-´s philosophy of the "Real Life Safety" the reflection of the real world accidents in the systems range of operation is both starting point as well as benchmark for its optimization. This paper deals with the methodology to perform assessments of statistical representative efficiency of primary safety measures. To be able to carry out an investigation concerning the efficiency of a primary safety measure in a transparent and comparable way basic definitions and systematics were introduced. Based on these definitions different systematic methods for estimating efficiency were discussed and related to each other. The paper is completed by presenting an example for estimating the efficiency of actual "single" and "multi" connected primary safety systems.
The bicyclist accidents were analyzed to get better understanding of the occurrences and frequency of the accidents, injury distributions, as well as correlation of injury severity/outcomes with engineering and human factors in two different countries of China and Germany. The accident cases that occurred from 2001 to 2006 were collected from IVAC database in Changsha and GIDAS database in Hannover. Based on specified sampling criteria, 1,570 bicyclist cases were selected from IVAC database in Changsha, and 1806 cases were collected from Hannover, documented in GIDAS database. Statistical analyses were carried out by using these selected data. The results from the statistical analysis are presented and discussed in this study.
Who doesn't wear seat belts?
(2009)
Using real world accident data, seat belts were estimated to be 61% effective at preventing fatalities, and 32% effective at preventing serious injuries. They were most effective for drivers with an airbag. Seat belts were estimated as having prevented 57,000 fatalities and 213,000 seriously injured casualties in the UK since 1983. Seat belt legislation was estimated to have prevented 31,000 fatalities and 118,000 seriously injured casualties. A future increase in effective seat belt wearing rate (which takes into account seating position) in the UK from 92.5% to 93% may prevent casualties valued at a societal cost of over -£18 million per year. To target a seat belt campaign, the question "who doesn"t wear seat belts?" must be answered. Seat belt wearing rates and the number of unbelted casualties were analysed. It was primarily young adult males who didn"t wear seat belts, and they made up the majority of unbelted fatalities and seriously injured casualties.
In the course of the EUROPEAN PROJECT TRACE all fatally injured pedestrians autopsied at the Institute for Legal Medicine in Munich in 2004 had been analysed by using the "Human Functional Failure (HFF) analysis" method. It was possible to apply this method although some restrictions have to be taken into account. The results derived from this analysis comprise first the failures the pedestrians (most often "impairment of sensorimotor and cognitive abilities") and the opponents (most often " Non-detection in visibility constraints conditions") faced in the accident, second the conflicts and tasks (pedestrian crossing the street conflicting with a vehicle from the side (which was going ahead on a straight road), the degree of accident involvement (pedestrians often the primary active part), and further the contributing factors to the accident (pedestrians most often "alcohol (> 0.05% BAC)", opponents most often "visibility constraints").
The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in car occupant injury severity recorded in AIS 2005 compared to AIS 1990 and to outline the likely effects on future data analysis findings. Occupant injury data in the UK Cooperative Crash Injury Study Database (CCIS) were coded for the period February 2006 to November 2007 using both AIS 1990 and AIS 2005. Data for 1,994 occupants with over 6000 coded injuries were reviewed at the AIS and MAIS level of severities and body regions to determine changes between the two coding methodologies. Overall there was an apparent general trend for fewer injuries to be coded at the AIS 4+ severity and more injuries to be coded at the AIS 2 severity. When these injury trends were reviewed in more detail it was found that the body regions which contributed the most to these changes in severity were the head, thorax and extremities. This is one of the first studies to examine the implications for large databases when changing to an updated method for coding injuries.
Impact severity is a fundamental measure for all in-depth crash investigation projects. One methodology used in the UK is based on the US Calspan software package CRASH3. The UK- in-depth crash investigation studies routinely use AiDamage3 a software package which is based on an updated version of the original CRASH3 algorithm, including enhancements to the vehicle stiffness coefficients. Real world accident-damaged vehicles are measured and their crush is correlated with a library of stiffness coefficients. These measurements are then used, along with other parameters, to calculate the crash energy and equivalent changes of velocity of the vehicles (delta-v), which is a measure of the impact severity. UK in-depth accident studies routinely validate the crash severity methodologies applied as the vehicle fleet changes. This is achieved by analysing crash test data and using the appropriate residual crush damage and other inputs to AiDamage3 and checking the program- outputs with the known crash severity parameters. This procedure checks, at least in part, the default stiffness values in the data libraries and the reconstruction methods used.