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Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (404) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (324)
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- Analysis (math) (63)
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- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (59)
- Severity (accid, injury) (57)
- Tödlicher Unfall (56)
- Fatality (55)
- Safety (54)
- Sicherheit (53)
- Reconstruction (accid) (52)
- Bewertung (50)
- Evaluation (assessment) (49)
- Simulation (49)
- Datenbank (46)
- Fußgänger (45)
- Pedestrian (45)
- injury) (45)
- On the spot accident investigation (43)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (43)
- Verletzung) (43)
- Car (42)
- Data acquisition (42)
- Datenerfassung (42)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (42)
- Severity (accid (40)
- Cause (39)
- Driver (39)
- Ursache (39)
- Fahrer (37)
- Fahrzeug (37)
- Unfallverhütung (36)
- Collision (35)
- Vehicle (35)
- Zusammenstoß (35)
- Anfahrversuch (34)
- Accident prevention (31)
- Radfahrer (31)
- Cyclist (30)
- Data bank (30)
- Accident reconstruction (29)
- Test (29)
- Europa (28)
- Europe (28)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (28)
- Prüfverfahren (28)
- Test method (28)
- Head on collision (27)
- Motorcyclist (27)
- Motorradfahrer (27)
- Versuch (27)
- Geschwindigkeit (26)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (25)
- Impact test (veh) (25)
- Method (25)
- Speed (25)
- Active safety system (24)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (24)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (23)
- Risiko (23)
- Verfahren (23)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (22)
- Insasse (22)
- Driver assistance system (21)
- Efficiency (21)
- PKW (21)
- Alte Leute (20)
- Passive safety system (20)
- Pkw (20)
- Interview (19)
- Old people (19)
- Risk (19)
- Vehicle occupant (19)
- Child (17)
- Kind (17)
- Prevention (17)
- Accident rate (16)
- Benutzung (16)
- Improvement (16)
- Sicherheitsgurt (16)
- Use (16)
- Verbesserung (16)
- Anthropometric dummy (15)
- Behaviour (15)
- Biomechanics (15)
- Biomechanik (15)
- Motorrad (15)
- Risikobewertung (15)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (15)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (15)
- Verhalten (15)
- Berechnung (14)
- Database (14)
- Head (14)
- Kopf (14)
- Measurement (14)
- Messung (14)
- Motorcycle (14)
- Risk assessment (14)
- Safety belt (14)
- Side impact (14)
- Specifications (14)
- Calculation (13)
- Digital model (13)
- Driving aptitude (13)
- Leg (human) (13)
- Numerisches Modell (13)
- Richtlinien (13)
- Verminderung (13)
- Auffahrunfall (12)
- Brustkorb (12)
- Decrease (12)
- Development (12)
- Dummy (12)
- Entwicklung (12)
- Fahrzeugsitz (12)
- Rear end collision (12)
- Rechenmodell (12)
- Überschlagen (12)
- Airbag (11)
- Error (11)
- Fahrzeugführung (11)
- Human factor (11)
- Legislation (11)
- Mathematical model (11)
- Menschlicher Faktor (11)
- Prognose (11)
- Schutzhelm (11)
- Seat (veh) (11)
- Skill (road user) (11)
- Bremsung (10)
- Crash helmet (10)
- Driving (veh) (10)
- EU (10)
- Fahranfänger (10)
- Fehler (10)
- Gesetzgebung (10)
- Overturning (veh) (10)
- Recently qualified driver (10)
- Thorax (10)
- Tunnel (10)
- Air bag (restraint system) (9)
- Austria (9)
- Bein (menschl) (9)
- Braking (9)
- Deformation (9)
- Driver training (9)
- Front (9)
- Instandsetzung (9)
- Japan (9)
- Krankenhaus (9)
- Lorry (9)
- Metal bridge (9)
- Modification (9)
- Orthotropic plate (9)
- Planning (9)
- Repair (9)
- Sachschaden (9)
- Stahlbrücke (9)
- Verhütung (9)
- Veränderung (9)
- Österreich (9)
- Age (8)
- Alter (8)
- Bemessung (8)
- Blood alcohol content (8)
- Blutalkoholgehalt (8)
- Bridge (8)
- Damage (8)
- Drunkenness (8)
- Forecast (8)
- Hospital (8)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (8)
- Planung (8)
- Road network (8)
- Straßennetz (8)
- Trunkenheit (8)
- Verformung (8)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (8)
- Wirbelsäule (8)
- Antikollisionssystem (7)
- Belastung (7)
- Blood (7)
- Blut (7)
- Cracking (7)
- Design (overall design) (7)
- Einstellung (psychol) (7)
- Erste Hilfe (7)
- Erziehung (7)
- Expert opinion (7)
- Fahrausbildung (7)
- Fahreignung (7)
- Fracture (bone) (7)
- Frau (7)
- Gutachten (7)
- Illness (7)
- Impact study (7)
- International (7)
- Knee (human) (7)
- Knochenbruch (7)
- Krankheit (7)
- Load (7)
- Medical examination (7)
- Policy (7)
- Politik (7)
- Rissbildung (7)
- Standardisierung (7)
- Transport infrastructure (7)
- USA (7)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (7)
- Adolescent (6)
- Air pollution (6)
- Attitude (psychol) (6)
- Cervical vertebrae (6)
- Chemical analysis (6)
- Chemische Analyse (6)
- China (6)
- Collision avoidance system (6)
- Cost benefit analysis (6)
- Detection (6)
- Education (6)
- Fahrgeschicklichkeit (6)
- Halswirbel (6)
- Human body (6)
- Impact test (6)
- India (6)
- Indien (6)
- Interior (veh) (6)
- Jugendlicher (6)
- Knie (menschl) (6)
- Knotenpunkt (6)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Fahrer) (6)
- Luftverunreinigung (6)
- Menschlicher Körper (6)
- Nitrogen oxide (6)
- Ort (Position) (6)
- Orthotrope Fahrbahntafel (6)
- Portugal (6)
- Road construction (6)
- Software (6)
- Spinal column (6)
- Standardization (6)
- Steifigkeit (6)
- Stiffness (6)
- Straßenbau (6)
- Traffic (6)
- Verkehr (6)
- Vorn (6)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (6)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (6)
- Woman (6)
- Analyse (Math) (5)
- Angle (5)
- Bau (5)
- Bearing capacity (5)
- Bremse (5)
- Brücke (5)
- Classification (5)
- Construction (5)
- Correlation (math, stat) (5)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (5)
- Decision process (5)
- Delivery vehicle (5)
- Detektion (5)
- Droge (5)
- Drugs (5)
- Durability (5)
- Eins (5)
- Electronic stability program (5)
- Entscheidungsprozess (5)
- Fahrstabilität (5)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (5)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (5)
- Finite element method (5)
- First aid (5)
- Forschungsarbeit (5)
- France (5)
- Frankreich (5)
- Highway (5)
- Information (5)
- Klassifizierung (5)
- Location (5)
- Main road (5)
- Medical aspects (5)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (5)
- Mobility (5)
- Mobilität (5)
- Oberfläche (5)
- One (5)
- Post crash (5)
- Research project (5)
- Schweissen (5)
- Sensor (5)
- Stickoxid (5)
- Straße (5)
- Surface (5)
- Surfacing (5)
- Technologie (5)
- Technology (5)
- Tragfähigkeit (5)
- United Kingdom (5)
- Vehicle handling (5)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (5)
- Welding (5)
- Winkel (5)
- Abdomen (4)
- Alcohol test (4)
- Alkoholtest (4)
- Arbeitsgruppe (4)
- Autobahn (4)
- Automatisch (4)
- Balken (4)
- Beam (4)
- Berufsausübung (4)
- Bicycle (4)
- Blech (4)
- Boden (4)
- Brake (4)
- Camera (4)
- Coefficient of friction (4)
- Collision test (veh) (4)
- Compatibility (4)
- Concentration (chem) (4)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (4)
- Distraction (4)
- Driver information (4)
- Dynamics (4)
- Dynamik (4)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (4)
- Estimation (4)
- Fahrdatenschreiber (4)
- Fahrrad (4)
- Fahrtüchtigkeit (4)
- Fire (4)
- Geschichte (4)
- History (4)
- Impact sled (4)
- Information documentation (4)
- Junction (4)
- Kamera (4)
- Kompatibilität (4)
- Kontrolle (4)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (4)
- LKW (4)
- Lieferfahrzeug (4)
- Life cycle (4)
- Lkw (4)
- Man (4)
- Mann (4)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (4)
- Modell (4)
- Nanotechnologie (4)
- Nanotechnology (4)
- Oberflächentextur (4)
- Occupant (veh) (4)
- Occupation (4)
- Organisation (4)
- Oxid (4)
- Oxide (4)
- Probability (4)
- Quer (4)
- Regression analysis (4)
- Regressionsanalyse (4)
- Reibungsbeiwert (4)
- Reinforcement (gen) (4)
- Reproducibility (4)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (4)
- Rigid pavement (4)
- Risk taking (4)
- Road user (4)
- Schrägseilbrücke (4)
- Schweden (4)
- Seite (4)
- Sheet (metal) (4)
- Sichtbarkeit (4)
- Soil (4)
- Stadt (4)
- Stayed girder bridge (4)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (4)
- Surface texture (4)
- Surveillance (4)
- Titan (4)
- Titanium (4)
- Traffic regulations (4)
- Transverse (4)
- Unfallfolgemaßnahme (4)
- Unterleib (4)
- Urban area (4)
- Verstärkung (allg) (4)
- Sichtbarkeit (4)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (4)
- Working group (4)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (Unfall) (3)
- Ablenkung (psychol) (3)
- Adaptation (psychol) (3)
- Administration (3)
- Advanced driver assistance system (3)
- Anpassung (psychol) (3)
- Arzneimittel (3)
- Attention (3)
- Aufmerksamkeit (3)
- Aufprallschlitten (3)
- Auftrag (3)
- Ausrüstung (3)
- Australia (3)
- Australien (3)
- Automatic (3)
- Autonomes Fahren (3)
- Autonomes Fahrzeug (3)
- Autonomous driving (3)
- Autonomous vehicle (3)
- Befreiung (Bergung) (3)
- Bein (3)
- Beinahe Unfall (3)
- Beschichtung (3)
- Betonstraße (Oberbau) (3)
- Blickfeld (3)
- Brand (3)
- Bridge deck (3)
- Brückenbelag (3)
- Cable (3)
- Case law (3)
- Cement (3)
- Coating (3)
- Concrete (3)
- Contract (3)
- Cost (3)
- Crash test (3)
- Czech Republic (3)
- Decke (Straße) (3)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (3)
- Digitale Bildverarbeitung (3)
- Earthworks (3)
- Effectiveness (3)
- Electric vehicle (3)
- Elektrofahrzeug (3)
- Environment (3)
- Equipment (3)
- Erdarbeiten (3)
- Ermüdung (mater) (3)
- Event data recorder (road vehicle) (3)
- Extrication (3)
- Fahrbahntafel (3)
- Fahrsimulator (3)
- Field of vision (3)
- Financing (3)
- Finanzierung (3)
- Fuge (3)
- Fugenfüllung (3)
- Gefahrenabwehr (3)
- Gemeindeverwaltung (3)
- Genauigkeit (3)
- Gesetzesdurchführung (3)
- Government (national) (3)
- Grenzwert (3)
- Griffigkeit (3)
- Hazard (3)
- Head restraint (3)
- Installation (3)
- Joint (structural) (3)
- Kleidung (3)
- Konzentration (chem) (3)
- Kopfstütze (3)
- Korea (Süd) (Demokratische Republik) (3)
- Kosten (3)
- Langfristig (3)
- Lebenszyklus (3)
- Limit (3)
- Local authority (3)
- Long term (3)
- Medication (3)
- Model (not math) (3)
- Montage (3)
- Motorway (3)
- Near miss (3)
- Netherlands (3)
- Niederlande (3)
- Norm (tech) (3)
- Orthotrope Platte (3)
- Overlapping (3)
- Passenger (3)
- Personal (3)
- Personnel (3)
- Police (3)
- Polizei (3)
- Psychologie (3)
- Psychology (3)
- Public transport (3)
- Reaction (human) (3)
- Reaktionsverhalten (3)
- Rechtsprechung (3)
- Recording (3)
- Rehabilitation (3)
- Rehabilitation (road user) (3)
- Reinforcement (in mater) (3)
- Republic of Korea (3)
- Run off the road (accid) (3)
- Schutzeinrichtung (3)
- Security (3)
- Severity (acid (3)
- Shock (3)
- Simulator (driving) (3)
- Skidding resistance (3)
- Spain (3)
- Spanien (3)
- Specification (standard) (3)
- Steife (Brücke) (3)
- Stiffener (Bridge) (3)
- Straßenverkehr (3)
- Theorie (3)
- Theory (3)
- Tschechische Republik (3)
- Umwelt (3)
- Unfallschwerpunkt (3)
- United kingdom (3)
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- Versuchspuppe (3)
- Verwaltung (3)
- Vorne (3)
- Zement (3)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (3)
- Abbiegen (2)
- Abdichtung (2)
- Acceleration (2)
- Accident black spot (2)
- Accident proneness (2)
- Accuracy (2)
- Adult (2)
- Aggression (psychol) (2)
- Alcohol (2)
- Alkohol (2)
- Anti locking device (2)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (2)
- Audit (2)
- Aufzeichnung (2)
- Automatische Notbremsung (2)
- Autonomous emergency braking (2)
- Ballungsgebiet (2)
- Behinderter (2)
- Beschleunigung (2)
- Beton (2)
- Bewehrung (2)
- Blutkreislauf (2)
- Body (car) (2)
- Bremsweg (2)
- Bridge surfacing (2)
- Budget (2)
- Bus (2)
- CEN (2)
- Chromatographie (2)
- Chromatography (2)
- Circulation (blood) (2)
- Clothing (2)
- Coach (2)
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- Composite bridge (2)
- Condition survey (2)
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- Continuous (2)
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- Crash victim (2)
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- Crossing the road (2)
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- Data base (2)
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- Fahrbahnüberquerung (2)
- Fahrerinformation (2)
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- Haftung (jur) (2)
- Harmonisation (2)
- High performance concrete (2)
- Highway design (2)
- Hinten (2)
- Input data (2)
- Intelligent transport system (2)
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- Kommunikation (2)
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- Lärmschutzwand (2)
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- Methode der finite Elemente (2)
- Mittelwert (2)
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- Nutzwertanalyse (2)
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- Organization (2)
- Organization (association) (2)
- Output (2)
- PVC (2)
- Penetration (2)
- Polyvinylchloride (2)
- Posture (2)
- Privatisierung (2)
- Properties (2)
- Prototyp (2)
- Prototype (2)
- Psychological aspects (2)
- Psychological examination (2)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (2)
- Psychologische Untersuchung (2)
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- Quality (2)
- Qualität (2)
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- Rail traffic (2)
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- Retraining of drivers (2)
- Ringanalyse (2)
- Risikoverhalten (2)
- Road traffic (2)
- Rücksichtslosigkeit (2)
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- Schienenverkehr (2)
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- Turn (2)
- Tyre tread (2)
- Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung (2)
- Unfallneigung (2)
- Unfallopfer (2)
- Unterhaltung (2)
- Value analysis (2)
- Vegetation (2)
- Vehicle regulations (2)
- Verantwortung (2)
- Verbundbrücke (2)
- Vorschrifteneinhaltung (2)
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- Water (2)
- Waterproofing (2)
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- Whiplash injury (2)
- Windschutzscheibe (2)
- Zeit (2)
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- Überlappung (2)
- (menschl) (1)
- Abgaben (1)
- Ability (road user) (1)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (1)
- Ablenkung (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Abstandsregeltempomat (1)
- Acceptability (1)
- Accident data (1)
- Accident prone location (1)
- Accident severity (1)
- Active safety (1)
- Active safety system; Automatic; Brake; Car; Collision avoidance system; Conference; Driver assistance system; Germany; Impact test (veh); Rear end collision; Severity (accid (1)
- Activity report (1)
- Adaptive cruise controll (1)
- Addiction (1)
- Aesthetics (1)
- Aethanol (1)
- Aged people (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aggression (psycho) (1)
- Aggressiveness (psychol) (1)
- Air quality management (1)
- Air traffic control (1)
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- Aktive Sicherheit (1)
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- Analyses (math) (1)
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- Animal (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
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- Beton ; Betonstraße (Oberbau) (1)
- Bevölkerung (1)
- Bicyclist (1)
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- Bone (1)
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- Chest (1)
- Clay (1)
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- Comprehension (1)
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- Computation (1)
- Conference; Germany; Injury; Medical examination; Spinal column; X ray (1)
- Contact (tyre (1)
- Contractor (1)
- Cooperative intelligent transport system (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Costs (1)
- Crash Test (1)
- Critical path method (1)
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Institut
- Sonstige (404) (entfernen)
This study investigates the protection offered by passive head-restraints with different stiffness and energy dissipation properties. For this purpose, computational multi-body models of a generic car seat and a biofidelic 50thpercentile male human for rear impact are used to study different seat designs and passive head-restraints. The validated seat-occupant model is also used in the design of two different car-seat models which are shown to effectively mitigate whiplash by utilising a crash-energy distribution technique. Five different passive head-restraints with varying stiffness (low-medium-high) and energy dissipation percentages (low-high) are successively attached to four different car-seat models. The simulation results indicate that the protection offered by head restraints is strongly dependent on the seat design. It has also been shown that the stiffness of the passive head-restraint has much more influence on whiplash-risk in comparison to its energy dissipation capacity.
Millions of kilometers are driven and recorded by car manufacturers and researchers every year to gather information about realistic traffic situations. The focus of these studies is often the recording of critical situations to create test scenarios for the development of new systems before introducing them into the market. This paper shows a novel Analysis and Investigation Method for All Traffic Scenarios (AIMATS) based on real traffic scenes. It also shows how to get detailed information about speeds, trajectories and behavior of all participants without driving thousands of kilometers at the example of conflict situations with animals. Basis of the AIMATS is the identification of the most relevant locations as "Points of Interest" (POI), the recording of the critical situations and their "base lines" at these POI. This paper presents a new method to identify critical scenarios involving both vehicles and animals as well as preliminary results of a study done in Saxony using this new method.
Test and assessment procedures for passive pedestrian protection based on developments by the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) have been introduced in world-wide regulations and consumer test programmes, with considerable harmonization between these programmes. Nevertheless, latest accident investigations reveal a stagnation of pedestrian fatality numbers on European roads running the risk of not meeting the European Union- goal of halving the number of road fatalities by the year 2020. The branch of external road user safety within the EC-funded research project SENIORS under the HORIZON 2020 framework programme focuses on investigating the benefit of modifications to pedestrian test and assessment procedures and their impactors for vulnerable road users with focus on the elderly. Injury patterns of pedestrians and cyclists derived from the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) show a trend of AIS 2+ and AIS 3+ injuries getting more relevant for the thorax region in crashes with newer cars (Wisch et al., 2017), while maintaining the relevance for head and lower extremities. Several crash databases from Europe such as GIDAS and the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA) also show that head, thorax and lower extremities are the key affected body regions not only for the average population but in particular for the elderly. Therefore, the SENIORS project is focusing on an improvement of currently available impactors and procedures in terms of biofidelity and injury assessment ability towards a better protection of the affected body regions, incorporating previous results from FP 6 project APROSYS and subsequent studies carried out by BASt. The paper describes the overall methodology to develop revised FE impactor models. Matched human body model and impactor simulations against generic test rigs provide transfer functions that will be used for the derivation of impactor criteria from human injury risk functions for the affected body regions. In a later step, the refined impactors will be validated by simulations against actual vehicle front-ends. Prototyping and adaptation of test and assessment procedures as well as an impact assessment will conclude the work of the project at the final stage. The work will contribute to an improved protection of vulnerable road users focusing on the elderly. The use of advanced human body models to develop applicable assessment criteria for the revised impactors is intended to cope with the paucity of actual biomechanical data focusing on elderly pedestrians. In order to achieve optimized results in the future, the improved test methods need to be implemented within an integrated approach, combining active with passive safety measures. In order to address the developments in road accidents and injury patterns of vulnerable road users, established test and assessment procedures need to be continuously verified and, where needed, to be revised. The demographic change as well as changes in the vehicle fleet, leading to a variation of accident scenarios, injury frequencies and injury patterns of vulnerable road users are addressed by the work provided by the SENIORS project, introducing updated impactors for pedestrian test and assessment procedures.
Supported by field accident data and monitoring results of European Regulation (EC) No. 78/2009, recent plans of the European Commission regarding a way forward to improve passive safety of vulnerable road users include, amongst other things, an extension of the head test area. The inclusion of passive cyclist safety is also being considered by Euro NCAP. Although passenger car to cyclist collisions are often severe and have a significant share within the accident statistics, cyclists are neither considered sufficiently in the legislative nor in the consumer ratings tests. Therefore, a test procedure to assess the protection potential of vehicle fronts in a collision with cyclists has been developed within a current research project. For this purpose, the existing pedestrian head impact test procedures were modified in order to include boundary conditions relevant for cyclists as the second big group of vulnerable road users. Based on an in-depth analysis of passenger car to cyclist accidents in Germany the three most representative accident constellations have been initially defined. The development of the test procedure itself was based on corresponding simulations with representative vehicle and bicycle models. In addition to different cyclist heights, reaching from a 6-year-old child to a 95%-male, also four pedal positions were considered. By reconstruction of a real accident the defined simulation parameters could be validated in advance. The conducted accident kinematics analysis shows for a large portion of the constellations an increased head impact area, which can reach beyond the roof leading edge, as well as high average values for head impact velocity and angle. Based on the simulation data obtained for the different vehicle models, cyclist-specific test parameters for impactor tests have been derived, which have been further examined in the course of head and leg impact tests. In order to study the cyclist accident kinematics under real test conditions, different full scale tests with a Polar-II dummy positioned on a bicycle have been conducted. Overall, the tests showed a good correlation with the simulations and support the defined boundary test conditions. Typical accident scenarios and simulations reveal higher head impact locations, angles and velocities. An extended head impact area with modified test parameters will contribute to an improved protection of vulnerable road users including cyclists. However, due to significantly differing impact kinematics and postures between the lower extremities of pedestrians and cyclists, these injuries cannot be addressed by the means of current test tools such as the flexible pedestrian legform impactor FlexPLI. Based on the findings obtained within the project as well as the existing pedestrian protection requirements a cyclist protection test procedure for use in legislation and consumer test programmes has been developed, whose requirements have been transferred into a corresponding test specification. This specification provides common head test boundary conditions for pedestrians and cyclists, whereby the existing requirements are modified and two parallel test procedures are avoided.
Research to inform policy is often challenged with how to genuinely use and implement research findings in decision-making and policy-planning. To begin with, the dialogue between researchers and decision-makers is essential to ensure profound understanding and legitimate interpretations of the results. Furthermore, the step to drawing practical conclusions and processing them into actions can only succeed if research findings are diffused to decision-making levels with influence on the matter, and mechanisms to knowledge transfer in the presence of a stable, favourable policy environment exist. Research investments into the topic of electromobility in Europe are substantial, and subtopics aiming to inform national policy-makers address a complex set of aspects from environmental and societal to technological and economic. This paper has a two-fold objective, the first of which is to present the results of scenarios to explore electromobility deployment in Finland, Germany and the European Union. The second is to discuss the challenges and solutions to bridge the gap from research findings towards decision-making and policy-planning, using the authors' electromobility scenario work as an example. The electromobility scenarios were built using the VECTOR21 model (Mock, 2010), and the rationale was to simulate vehicle sales and markets under different policy settings and calculate the most economical solution to fulfill regulation on COâ‚‚ emissions as set by the European Commission (2009). The model allows calculating the market diffusion of alternative powertrain technologies to the European market until 2030, taking into account different taxation schemes, incentives and other country-specific characteristics. The authors also present the cost-benefit-analysis of the modelling results to assess the different scenarios and to show variation between regions regarding profitability of alternative technological or political support and interventions. To proceed from research findings towards decision-making and policy-planning, the authors made observations relating to transfer of research knowledge and interpretation of their electromobility scenario results in national policy contexts. An evaluation of how the function of research to inform policy in this case succeeded is provided. In addition, the influence of expert opinions on the political decision-making process will be discussed through experiences from an expert questionnaire conducted to survey the importance of costs, time requirement, acceptance and other criteria of promotion measures of electromobility.
Im Erd- und Straßenbau ist es in den letzten Jahren bei bindemittelbehandelten sulfathaltigen Böden wiederholt zu teilweise erheblichen Schäden durch Quellhebungen gekommen, die auf eine Mineralreaktion im Boden zurückzuführen sind. Werden Böden mit natürlichem Sulfatgehalt zu bautechnischen Zwecken mit calciumbasierten Bindemitteln behandelt, so kann das Bindemittel unter bestimmten Randbedingungen mit den im Gips enthaltenen Sulfationen zum Mineral Ettringit reagieren. Infolge der mit dieser Mineralneubildung verbundenen Volumenvergrößerung kann es zu erheblichen Hebungsschäden kommen. Die für die Reaktion des Sulfattreibens im Boden maßgebenden Einflussfaktoren sind zwar grundsätzlich bekannt, quantitative Prüfmethoden und standardisierte Strategien zur Gefahrenabwehr lagen bis dato allerdings noch nicht vor. Das Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens, über das in diesem Beitrag berichtet wird, war die Entwicklung eines praxistauglichen Prüfverfahrens als Grundlage für eine hieraus abzuleitende Prüfvorschrift. Hierfür wurden an Proben aus verschiedenen Boden-Bindemittelgemischen mit definierten Sulfatgehalten Quellhebungsversuche geplant, durchgeführt und ausgewertet. Im Ergebnis wurde ein annähernd linearer Zusammenhangzwischen dem Sulfatgehalt im Boden und den eingetretenen Quellhebungen festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ferner, dass eine Behandlung sulfathaltiger Böden mit Weißfeinkalk mit größeren Quellhebungen verbunden ist als eine Behandlung mit Zement.
Die Europäischen Normen für Erdarbeiten werden im CEN/TC 396 "Earthworks" erarbeitet. Das Sekretariat des CEN/TC 396 wird vom französischen Normungsinstitut AFNOR gehalten. Die Normungsarbeit wird im DIN-Ausschuss NA 005-05-22 AA "Erdarbeiten (SpA zu CEN/TC 396), Gemeinschaftsausschuss mit FGSV GA 5.01" gespiegelt. Vertreter des Spiegelausschusses arbeiten in den verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen (Working Groups (WG)) des CEN/TC 396 mit. In den Jahren 2009 und 2010 wurden die Gremien konstituiert und mit der Normungsarbeit begonnen, zunächst überwiegend durch die Zusammenstellung der vorhandenen Regelungen in den Mitgliedsstaaten (siehe auch Beitrag Vogel/Leister/Heyer zur Erd- und Grundbautagung 2013). Im November 2014 wurden vom CEN/TC 396 die Arbeitsaufträge ("work items") offiziell gestartet.
Fire incidents are among the most relevant for people in a tunnel. Therefore, it is important to be sufficiently prepared for such events. A large scale fire test is to be used to help evaluate the initial burning duration and the time it takes for the fire to spread to other vehicles in the tunnel, and in particular how long it takes for a truck carrying wooden pallets to catch fire, taking into consideration the extremely high temperatures. The goal, therefore, is to determine the time it takes for a fire to spread to other vehicles in the tunnel. In the large scale fire test, an accident in a tunnel with one-way traffic is simulated between a truck loaded with approximately 3.7 t of wooden Europol pallets and a passenger car. Directly behind each of the vehicles involved in the accident there is another car which stops at a distance of 1.0 m. Approximately 300 litres of burning diesel are discharged from the truck's fuel tank, which is simulated by using approximately 400 litres of isopropanol. A 10 m-² burning pool forms underneath the truck. Other objectives of the large scale fire test are the validation of the CFD models and the evaluation of the progression of the thermal release ratios estimated for the simulation. The thermal release ratios generated in the test are determined and evaluated using various models.
Bewertung der strukturellen Substanz für die systematische Erhaltungsplanung von Betonfahrbahndecken
(2016)
"Mobilität ist zentrale Voraussetzung für wirtschaftliches Wachstum, Beschäftigung und Teilhabe des Einzelnen am gesellschaftlichen Leben." Dieser Leitsatz des BMVI setzt eine intakte und funktionierende Infrastruktur voraus. Im Kontext mit dem Investitionshochlauf in den nächsten Jahren ist für das Bundesfernstraßennetz insbesondere ein netzbezogenes systematisches Vorgehen im Rahmen der Baulichen Erhaltung von Relevanz. Bei der Planung von Erneuerungsmaßnahmen ist dabei die Kenntnis über den Zustand der strukturellen Substanz und deren langfristige Entwicklung von zentraler Bedeutung. Nachfolgend wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das die mechanisch und statistisch abgesicherte Bewertung und Prognose der strukturellen Substanz von Betonfahrbahndecken ermöglicht. Zudem werden die Anwendung und das Vorgehen anhand eines Praxisbeispiels aufgezeigt.
Die Europäischen Normen für Erdarbeiten werden im CEN/TC 396 "Earthworks" erarbeitet. Das Sekretariat des CEN/TC 396 wird vom französischen Normungsinstitut AFNOR gehalten. Die Normungsarbeit wird im DIN-Ausschuss NA 005-05-22 AA "Erdarbeiten (SpA zu CEN/TC 396), Gemeinschaftsausschuss mit FGSV GA 5.01" gespiegelt. Vertreter des Spiegelausschussesarbeiten in den verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen (working groups (WG)) des CEN/TC 396 mit. In den Jahren 2009 und 2010 wurden die Gremien konstituiert und mit der Normungsarbeit begonnen, zunächst überwiegend durch die Zusammenstellung der vorhandenen Regelungen in den Mitgliedsstaaten (siehe auch Beitrag Vogel/Leister/Heyer zur Erd- und Grundbautagung 2013). Im November 2014 wurden vom CEN/TC 396 die Arbeitsaufträge("work items") offiziell gestartet.