Abteilung Fahrzeugtechnik
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (97) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (33)
- Konferenz (33)
- Test method (29)
- Anfahrversuch (28)
- Impact test (veh) (28)
- Prüfverfahren (28)
- Safety (27)
- Sicherheit (27)
- Bewertung (24)
- Fahrzeug (24)
- Evaluation (assessment) (23)
- Fußgänger (23)
- Pedestrian (23)
- Vehicle (23)
- Accident (20)
- Unfall (20)
- Dummy (19)
- Anthropometric dummy (18)
- Simulation (17)
- Collision (16)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (16)
- Head on collision (15)
- Verletzung (15)
- Injury (14)
- Zusammenstoß (14)
- Analyse (math) (13)
- Analysis (math) (13)
- Deutschland (12)
- Driver assistance system (12)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (12)
- Germany (12)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (12)
- Biomechanics (11)
- Biomechanik (11)
- Severity (accid, injury) (11)
- Car (10)
- Child (10)
- Europa (10)
- Europe (10)
- Kind (10)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (10)
- Radfahrer (10)
- Driver (9)
- Fahrer (9)
- Passive safety system (9)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (9)
- Side impact (9)
- Versuch (9)
- Active safety system (8)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (8)
- Autonomes Fahren (8)
- Autonomous driving (8)
- Bemessung (8)
- Cyclist (8)
- Design (overall design) (8)
- Forschungsarbeit (8)
- Head (8)
- Kompatibilität (8)
- Kopf (8)
- Research project (8)
- Technische Vorschriften (Kraftfahrzeug) (8)
- Vehicle regulations (8)
- injury) (8)
- Automatic (7)
- Automatisch (7)
- Compatibility (7)
- Improvement (7)
- Insasse (7)
- Pkw (7)
- Severity (accid (7)
- Standardisierung (7)
- Test (7)
- Vehicle occupant (7)
- Verbesserung (7)
- Verletzung) (7)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (7)
- Brustkorb (6)
- Cost benefit analysis (6)
- Datenbank (6)
- Knee (human) (6)
- Lkw (6)
- Lorry (6)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (6)
- Thorax (6)
- Accident prevention (5)
- Collision avoidance system (5)
- Database (5)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (5)
- Development (5)
- Driver information (5)
- Entwicklung (5)
- Fahrerinformation (5)
- Fahrstabilität (5)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (5)
- Fatality (5)
- Gesetzgebung (5)
- Interior (veh) (5)
- Legislation (5)
- Official approval (5)
- Standardization (5)
- Statistics (5)
- Statistik (5)
- Tödlicher Unfall (5)
- Unfallverhütung (5)
- Vehicle handling (5)
- Alte Leute (4)
- Antikollisionssystem (4)
- Efficiency (4)
- Intelligent transport system (4)
- Knie (menschl) (4)
- Leg (human) (4)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (4)
- Measurement (4)
- Messung (4)
- Modification (4)
- Prevention (4)
- Reproducibility (4)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (4)
- Technologie (4)
- Technology (4)
- Airbag (3)
- Aufprallschlitten (3)
- Ausrüstung (3)
- Bein (menschl) (3)
- Belastung (3)
- Benutzung (3)
- Body (car) (3)
- Classification (3)
- Decrease (3)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (3)
- Deformation (3)
- EU (3)
- Equipment (3)
- Error (3)
- Fahrzeugführung (3)
- Fahrzeugsitz (3)
- Fehler (3)
- Front (3)
- Human body (3)
- Impact sled (3)
- Intelligentes Transportsystem (3)
- Karosserie (3)
- Klassifizierung (3)
- Kraftfahrzeug (3)
- Lenken (Fahrzeug) (3)
- Load (3)
- Menschlicher Körper (3)
- Method (3)
- Motorcycle (3)
- Motorrad (3)
- Nacht (3)
- Night (3)
- Old people (3)
- Safety belt (3)
- Seat (veh) (3)
- Sicherheitsgurt (3)
- Steering (process) (3)
- Traffic (3)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (3)
- Unterfahrschutz (3)
- Use (3)
- Verfahren (3)
- Verhütung (3)
- Verkehr (3)
- Verminderung (3)
- Veränderung (3)
- Abdomen (2)
- Active safety (2)
- Aktive Sicherheit (2)
- Autonomes Fahrzeug (2)
- Autonomous vehicle (2)
- Baumusterzulassung (2)
- Behaviour (2)
- Bicyclist (2)
- Braking (2)
- Bremsung (2)
- Cause (2)
- Communication (2)
- Crashtest (2)
- Data acquisition (2)
- Datenerfassung (2)
- Detection (2)
- Detektion (2)
- Driving (veh) (2)
- Echtzeit (2)
- Empfindlichkeit (2)
- Forecast (2)
- Geschwindigkeit (2)
- Gewicht (2)
- Halswirbel (2)
- Headlamp (2)
- Hinten (2)
- Hospital (2)
- Impact test (2)
- Individueller Verkehr (2)
- Information (2)
- International (2)
- Knie (2)
- Kommunikation (2)
- Krankenhaus (2)
- Mathematical model (2)
- Motorcyclist (2)
- Motorradfahrer (2)
- Norm (tech) (2)
- On the spot accident investigation (2)
- Private transport (2)
- Prognose (2)
- Prototyp (2)
- Prototype (2)
- Real time (2)
- Rear (2)
- Rechenmodell (2)
- Reconstruction (accid) (2)
- Richtlinien (2)
- Risiko (2)
- Risk (2)
- Road user (2)
- Sample (mater) (2)
- Scheinwerfer (2)
- Schutz (2)
- Sensitivity (2)
- Sensor (2)
- Sichtbarkeit (2)
- Specification (standard) (2)
- Specifications (2)
- Speed (2)
- Telecommunication (2)
- Telekommunikation (2)
- Underride protection (2)
- Unterleib (2)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (2)
- Ursache (2)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (2)
- Verformung (2)
- Verhalten (2)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (2)
- Sichtbarkeit (2)
- Vorn (2)
- Warning (2)
- Warnung (2)
- Weight (2)
- Wirbelsäule (2)
- Zulassung (tech) (2)
- Zusammenstoss (2)
- (menschl) (1)
- Abstandsregeltempomat (1)
- Accident data (1)
- Accident rate (1)
- Accident reconstruction (1)
- Achslast (1)
- Adaptive cruise control (1)
- Adult (1)
- Aged people (1)
- Air bag (restraint system) (1)
- Angle (1)
- Anthropmetric dummy (1)
- Anti locking device (1)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (1)
- Antikollisisonssystem (1)
- Apparatus (measurement) (1)
- Arbeitsgruppe (1)
- Articulated vehicle (1)
- Auffahrunfall (1)
- Autobahn (1)
- Axle load (1)
- Battery (1)
- Bau (1)
- Bein (1)
- Benefit cost analysis (1)
- Bicycle (1)
- Bildschirm (1)
- Blind spot (veh) (1)
- Brake (1)
- Bremse (1)
- Bruch (mech) (1)
- Bus (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Cervical vertebrae (1)
- Cervical vertebrae; Conference; Evaluation (assessment); Injury; Spinal column; Test (1)
- Chassis (1)
- Comfort (1)
- Compatiblity (1)
- Components of the vehicle (1)
- Compression (1)
- Construction (1)
- Contact (tyre road) (1)
- Cooperative intelligent transport system (1)
- Correlation (math, stat) (1)
- Crash Test (1)
- Crash helmet (1)
- Crossing the road (pedestrian) (1)
- Damage (1)
- Data bank (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Data security (1)
- Data transmission (1)
- Datensicherheit (1)
- Datenverarbeitung (1)
- Datenübertragung (telekom) (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- Daylight (1)
- Decke (Straße) (1)
- Deformable barrier (Impact test) (1)
- Deformable barrier system (impact test) (1)
- Dehnungsmessstreifen (1)
- Delivery vehicle (1)
- Demografie (1)
- Demographie (1)
- Demography (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Diesel engine (1)
- Dieselmotor (1)
- Digital model (1)
- Driving (1)
- Durability (1)
- Dynamo (1)
- Economics of transport (1)
- Eichung (1)
- Eigenschaft (1)
- Electric vehicle (1)
- Electronic stability program (1)
- Elektrofahrzeug (1)
- Elektronische Fahrhilfe (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (1)
- Emission control (1)
- Emissionskontrolle (1)
- Engine capacity (1)
- Ergonomics (1)
- Erwachsener (1)
- European New Car Assessment Programme (1)
- Fahrbahnmarkierung (1)
- Fahrbahnüberquerung (1)
- Fahrleistung (1)
- Fahrrad (1)
- Fahrstreifen (1)
- Fahrstreifenwechsel (1)
- Fahrwerk (1)
- Fahrzeugbeleuchtung (1)
- Fahrzeugteile (1)
- Failure (1)
- Feuer (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Fire (1)
- Foot (not a measure) (1)
- Form (1)
- Frau (1)
- Frequency (1)
- Frequenz (1)
- Future transport mode (1)
- Fuß (1)
- Gelenkfahrzeug (1)
- Gestaltung (1)
- Grenzwert (1)
- Harmonisation (1)
- Harmonisierung (1)
- Harmonization (1)
- Head (human) (1)
- Height (1)
- Hubraum (1)
- Höhe (1)
- Hüfte (menschl) (1)
- Impact study (1)
- In Bewegung (1)
- Information documentation (1)
- Information management (1)
- Intelligentes Verkehrssystem (1)
- Interactive model (1)
- Interaktives Modell (1)
- Interface (1)
- Intersection (1)
- Kamera (1)
- Kleintransporter (1)
- Knotenpunkt (1)
- Komfort (1)
- Kompatiblität (1)
- Kontakt Reifen Straße (1)
- Kooperatives System (ITS) (1)
- Kopf (menschl) (1)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (1)
- Kunststoff (1)
- Landstraße (1)
- Lane changing (1)
- Layout (1)
- Leuchtdichte (1)
- Limit (1)
- Luminance (1)
- Lärm (1)
- Materialveränderung (allg) (1)
- Medical examination (1)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (1)
- Mensch Maschine Verhältnis (1)
- Messgerät (1)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (1)
- Motorway (1)
- Moving (1)
- Nasse Straße (1)
- Naturalistic Driving (1)
- Naturalistic driving (1)
- Noise (1)
- Numerisches Modell (1)
- Oberflächentextur (1)
- Organisation (1)
- Organization (1)
- Overlapping (1)
- Pelvis (1)
- Perception (1)
- Pfahl (1)
- Pile (1)
- Plastic material (1)
- Population (1)
- Probe (1)
- Properties (1)
- Prüefverfahren (1)
- Prüfkörper (1)
- Public transport (1)
- Quality (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Qualität (1)
- Qualitätssicherung (1)
- Radio (1)
- Rear end collision (1)
- Rear view mirror (1)
- Reflectorized material (1)
- Reflexstoffe (1)
- Reifen (1)
- Rippe (menschl) (1)
- Road marking (1)
- Road traffic (1)
- Robot (1)
- Roboter (1)
- Route guidance (1)
- Rundfunk (1)
- Rural road (1)
- Rückspiegel (1)
- Sachschaden (1)
- Schallpegel (1)
- Schnittstelle (1)
- Schulter (1)
- Schutzhelm (1)
- Schweregrad /Unfall (1)
- Seite (1)
- Severity (acid (1)
- Shape (1)
- Shoulder (human) (1)
- Side (1)
- Social factors (1)
- Sociology (1)
- Sound level (1)
- Soziale Faktoren (1)
- Soziologie (1)
- Spain (1)
- Spanien (1)
- Spectrum (1)
- Spektrum (1)
- Spinal column (1)
- Stadardization (1)
- Stadt (1)
- Stand der Technik (Bericht) (1)
- State of the art report (1)
- Steifigkeit (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Strain gauge (1)
- Straßenverkehr (1)
- Stress (psychol) (1)
- Surface texture (1)
- Surfacing (1)
- Tageslicht (1)
- Technische Vorschriften (1)
- Tests (1)
- Toter Winkel (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxizität (1)
- Traffic control (1)
- Traffic lanes (1)
- Train (1)
- Transport infrastructure (1)
- Typenzulassung (1)
- Tyre (1)
- Underride prevention (1)
- Unfalldaten (1)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (1)
- United Kingdom (1)
- United kingdom (1)
- Urban area (1)
- Vehicle Regulations (1)
- Vehicle lighting (1)
- Vehicle mile (1)
- Veraenderung (1)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (1)
- Verkehrssteuerung (1)
- Verkehrswirtschaft (1)
- Video camera (1)
- Visual display (1)
- Vorne (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Weather (1)
- Wet road (1)
- Windschutzscheibe (1)
- Windscreen (veh) (1)
- Winkel (1)
- Wirkungsanalyse (1)
- Witterung (1)
- Woman (1)
- Working group (1)
- Zielführungssystem (1)
- Zug (Eisenbahn) (1)
- Zukünftiges Verkehrsmittel (1)
- Zusammendrückung (1)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (1)
- Überdeckung (1)
Institut
Automatische Lenkfunktionen sind abgesehen von korrigierenden Lenkeingriffen entsprechend der UN-Regelung Nr. 79 bisher nur in einem Geschwindigkeitsbereich bis 10 km/h erlaubt. Die Weiterentwicklung der Technik im Bereich der Fahrerassistenzsysteme und der Automatisierung der Fahraufgabe wuerden es jedoch technisch erlauben, automatische Lenkfunktionen auch bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten einzusetzen. Neben einem Zugewinn an Komfort wird von diesen Systemen auch ein Beitrag zur Erhöhung der Verkehrssicherheit erwartet. Dieses Verkehrssicherheitspotenzial wird man jedoch nur ausschöpfen können, wenn die automatisierten Lenksysteme entsprechend gestaltet sind. Insbesondere sollten mögliche Risiken auf Grund automatischen Lenkens minimiert sein. Aus diesen Gründen laufen derzeit Arbeiten auf UNECE-Ebene, die Regelung Nr. 79 über einheitliche Bedingungen für die Genehmigung der Fahrzeuge hinsichtlich der Lenkanlage in Bezug auf automatische Lenkfunktionen (ACSF = Automatically Commanded Steering Functions) zu überarbeiten, um diese unter bestimmten Bedingungen auch bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten genehmigen zu können. Der vorliegende Beitrag reflektiert diese Arbeiten und stellt die Entwicklung der technischen Anforderungen an automatisches Lenken und der für die fahrzeugtechnischen Vorschriften vorgesehenen Testprozeduren dar.
Die Level kontinuierlicher Fahrzeugautomatisierung sind unter Fahrerassistenzexperten weithin bekannt und erleichtern das Verständnis. Sie können aber nicht Fahrzeugautomatisierung insgesamt zufriedenstellend beschreiben: Insbesondere temporär intervenierende Funktionen, die in unfallnahen Situationen eingreifen, können offensichtlich nicht nach dem Level kontinuierlicher Fahrzeugautomatisierung beschrieben werden. Diese beschreiben nämlich die zunehmende Aufgabenverlagerung vom Fahrer zur maschinellen Steuerung bei zunehmendem Automatisierungsgrad. Notbremsfunktionen, beispielsweise, sind offensichtlich diskontinuierlich und nehmen zugleich auf intensive Weise Einfluss auf die Fahrzeugsteuerung. Sie lassen sich gerade nicht sinnvoll nach dem Level kontinuierlicher Fahrzeugautomatisierung beschrieben. Das Ergebnis kann indes nicht zufriedenstellen. Die fehlende Sichtbarkeit dieser Funktionen wird ihrer Bedeutung für die Verkehrssicherheit nicht gerecht. Daher wird im Beitrag, um ein vollständiges Bild der Fahrzeugautomatisierung zu erlangen, ein umfassender Ansatz zur Beschreibung verfolgt, der sich auf oberster Ebene nach Wirkweise unterscheidet. Auf dieser Basis lassen sich sowohl informierende und warnende Funktionen als auch solche, die nur temporär in unfallgeneigten Situationen intervenieren, im Detail beschrieben. Das ermöglicht es, eine eigenständige Klassifikation für unfallgeneigte Situationen zu erstellen; dies kann für diese wichtigen Funktionen die eigenständige Sichtbarkeit herstellen, die ihrer Bedeutung gerecht wird.
The presence and performance of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) has increased over last years. Systems available on the market address also conflicts with vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as pedestrians and cyclists. Within the European project PROSPECT (Horizon2020, funded by the EC) improved VRU ADAS systems are developed and tested. However, before determining systems" properties and starting testing, an up-to-date analysis of VRU crashes was needed in order to derive the most important Use Cases (detailed crash descriptions) the systems should address. Besides the identified Accident Scenarios (basic crash descriptions), this paper describes in short the method of deriving the Use Cases for car-to-cyclist crashes. Method Crashes involving one passenger car and one cyclist were investigated in several European crash databases looking for all injury severity levels (slight, severe and fatal). These data sources included European statistics from CARE, data on national level from Germany, Sweden and Hungary as well as detailed accident information from these three countries using GIDAS, the Volvo Cars Cyclist Accident database and Hungarian in-depth accident data, respectively. The most frequent accident scenarios were studied and Use Cases were derived considering the key aspects of these crash situations (e.g., view orientation of the cyclist and the car driver- manoeuvre intention) and thus, form an appropriate basis for the development of Test Scenarios. Results Latest information on car-to-cyclist crashes in Europe was compiled including details on the related crash configurations, driving directions, outcome in terms of injury severity, accident location, other environmental aspects and driver responsibilities. The majority of car-to-cyclist crashes occurred during daylight and in clear weather conditions. Car-to-cyclist crashes in which the vehicle was traveling straight and the cyclist is moving in line with the traffic were found to result in the greatest number of fatalities. Considering also slightly and seriously injured cyclists led to a different order of crash patterns according to the three considered European countries. Finally the paper introduced the Use Cases derived from the crash data analysis. A total of 29 Use Cases were derived considering the group of seriously or fatally injured cyclists and 35 Use Cases were derived considering the group of slightly, seriously or fatally injured cyclists. The highest ranked Use Case describes the collision between a car turning to the nearside and a cyclist riding on a bicycle lane against the usual driving direction. A unified European dataset on car-to-cyclist crash scenarios is not available as the data available in CARE is limited, hence national datasets had to be used for the study and further work will be required to extrapolate the results to a European level. Due to the large number of Use Cases, the paper shows only highest ranked ones.
A reduction of around 48% of all road fatalities was achieved in Europe in the past years including a reduced number of fatalities with an older age. However, among all road fatalities, the proportion of elderly is steadily increasing. In an ageing society, the European (Horizon2020) project SENIORS aims to improve the safe mobility of older road users, who have different transportation habits compared to other age groups. To increase their level of safe mobility by determining appropriate requirements for vehicle safety systems, the characteristics of current road traffic collisions involving the elderly and the injuries that they sustain need to be understood in detail. Hereby, the paper focuses on their traffic participation as pedestrian, cyclist or passenger car occupant. Following a literature review, several national and international crash databases and hospital statistics have been analysed to determine the body regions most frequently and severely injured, specific injuries sustained and types of crashes involved, always comparing older road users (65 years and more) with mid-aged road users (25-64 years). The most important crash scenarios were highlighted. The data sources included European statistics from CARE, data on national level from Germany, Sweden, Italy, United Kingdom and Spain as well as in-depth crash information from GIDAS (Germany), RAIDS (UK), CIREN and NASS-CDS (US). In addition, familiar hospital data from Germany (TraumaRegister DGU-®), Italy (Italian Register of Acute Traumas) and UK hospital statistics (TARN) were included in the study to gain further insight into specific injury patterns. Comprehensive data analyses were performed showing injury patterns of older road users in crashes. When comparing with mid-aged road users, all databases showed that the thorax body region is of particularly high importance for the older car occupant with injury severities of AIS 2 or AIS 3+, whereas the body regions lower extremities, head and thorax need to be considered for the older pedestrians and cyclists. Besides these comparisons, the most frequent and severe top 5 injuries were highlighted per road user group. Further, the most important crash configurations were identified and injury risk functions are provided per age group and road user group. Although several databases have been analysed, the picture on the road safety situation of older road users in Europe was not complete, as only Western European data was available. The linkage between crash data and hospital data could only be made on a general level as their inclusion criteria were quite different.
Supported by field accident data and monitoring results of European Regulation (EC) No. 78/2009, recent plans of the European Commission regarding a way forward to improve passive safety of vulnerable road users include, amongst other things, an extension of the head test area. The inclusion of passive cyclist safety is also being considered by Euro NCAP. Although passenger car to cyclist collisions are often severe and have a significant share within the accident statistics, cyclists are neither considered sufficiently in the legislative nor in the consumer ratings tests. Therefore, a test procedure to assess the protection potential of vehicle fronts in a collision with cyclists has been developed within a current research project. For this purpose, the existing pedestrian head impact test procedures were modified in order to include boundary conditions relevant for cyclists as the second big group of vulnerable road users. Based on an in-depth analysis of passenger car to cyclist accidents in Germany the three most representative accident constellations have been initially defined. The development of the test procedure itself was based on corresponding simulations with representative vehicle and bicycle models. In addition to different cyclist heights, reaching from a 6-year-old child to a 95%-male, also four pedal positions were considered. By reconstruction of a real accident the defined simulation parameters could be validated in advance. The conducted accident kinematics analysis shows for a large portion of the constellations an increased head impact area, which can reach beyond the roof leading edge, as well as high average values for head impact velocity and angle. Based on the simulation data obtained for the different vehicle models, cyclist-specific test parameters for impactor tests have been derived, which have been further examined in the course of head and leg impact tests. In order to study the cyclist accident kinematics under real test conditions, different full scale tests with a Polar-II dummy positioned on a bicycle have been conducted. Overall, the tests showed a good correlation with the simulations and support the defined boundary test conditions. Typical accident scenarios and simulations reveal higher head impact locations, angles and velocities. An extended head impact area with modified test parameters will contribute to an improved protection of vulnerable road users including cyclists. However, due to significantly differing impact kinematics and postures between the lower extremities of pedestrians and cyclists, these injuries cannot be addressed by the means of current test tools such as the flexible pedestrian legform impactor FlexPLI. Based on the findings obtained within the project as well as the existing pedestrian protection requirements a cyclist protection test procedure for use in legislation and consumer test programmes has been developed, whose requirements have been transferred into a corresponding test specification. This specification provides common head test boundary conditions for pedestrians and cyclists, whereby the existing requirements are modified and two parallel test procedures are avoided.
Test and assessment procedures for passive pedestrian protection based on developments by the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) have been introduced in world-wide regulations and consumer test programmes, with considerable harmonization between these programmes. Nevertheless, latest accident investigations reveal a stagnation of pedestrian fatality numbers on European roads running the risk of not meeting the European Union- goal of halving the number of road fatalities by the year 2020. The branch of external road user safety within the EC-funded research project SENIORS under the HORIZON 2020 framework programme focuses on investigating the benefit of modifications to pedestrian test and assessment procedures and their impactors for vulnerable road users with focus on the elderly. Injury patterns of pedestrians and cyclists derived from the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) show a trend of AIS 2+ and AIS 3+ injuries getting more relevant for the thorax region in crashes with newer cars (Wisch et al., 2017), while maintaining the relevance for head and lower extremities. Several crash databases from Europe such as GIDAS and the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA) also show that head, thorax and lower extremities are the key affected body regions not only for the average population but in particular for the elderly. Therefore, the SENIORS project is focusing on an improvement of currently available impactors and procedures in terms of biofidelity and injury assessment ability towards a better protection of the affected body regions, incorporating previous results from FP 6 project APROSYS and subsequent studies carried out by BASt. The paper describes the overall methodology to develop revised FE impactor models. Matched human body model and impactor simulations against generic test rigs provide transfer functions that will be used for the derivation of impactor criteria from human injury risk functions for the affected body regions. In a later step, the refined impactors will be validated by simulations against actual vehicle front-ends. Prototyping and adaptation of test and assessment procedures as well as an impact assessment will conclude the work of the project at the final stage. The work will contribute to an improved protection of vulnerable road users focusing on the elderly. The use of advanced human body models to develop applicable assessment criteria for the revised impactors is intended to cope with the paucity of actual biomechanical data focusing on elderly pedestrians. In order to achieve optimized results in the future, the improved test methods need to be implemented within an integrated approach, combining active with passive safety measures. In order to address the developments in road accidents and injury patterns of vulnerable road users, established test and assessment procedures need to be continuously verified and, where needed, to be revised. The demographic change as well as changes in the vehicle fleet, leading to a variation of accident scenarios, injury frequencies and injury patterns of vulnerable road users are addressed by the work provided by the SENIORS project, introducing updated impactors for pedestrian test and assessment procedures.
Road markings are an essential component of a safe road. In particular, the optical guidance at night and under wet conditions rates high. Special surface textures of road markings can enhance the nighttime visibility during wetness, but they can lead on the other hand to noise emission during passages of vehicles and thus annoy residents. In the present study the tyre/road marking noise is analysed based on two different measurement methods for traffic noise: Several different road markings with increased nighttime visibility during wetness were overrun and the noise was determined by controlled coast-by measurements as well as close-proximity measurements. For both measuring methods the averaged A-weighted sound pressure levels were determined and an analysis of the third octave spectra was performed in order to identify annoying tonal components. The results of both measurement methods were compared with each other. Limitations of the individual measurement methods were overcome by combining the data. Properties of road marking noise depending on the texture of the marking are discussed in relation to those of road surface noise. The results will help specifying road marking texture types that ensure less annoyance and at the same time good visibility at wetness and night-time.
Im Rahmen des weltweiten ESV-Programmes (Enhanced Safety of Vehicles) werden seit mehreren Jahren internationale Forschungsbemühungen unternommen (International Harmonized Research Activities, IHRA), um im Vorfeld der Gesetzgebung die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen gemeinsam zu erarbeiten. Ziel der IHRA-Arbeiten ist es, auf der Grundlage dieser Forschungsergebnisse die Harmonisierung der Vorschriften zu erleichtern. Eine besondere Aktivität bezieht sich auf Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Aufgabe dieser IHRA-ITS-Arbeiten geschildert, sowie der derzeitige Stand der Forschungsbemühungen beschrieben. Es zeigt sich, dass die beschriebene Sicherheitsbewertung eine Fülle von Fragestellungen aufwirft und weitere Forschungsanstrengungen erfordert. Die zukünftigen Bemühungen sind darauf gerichtet, in internationaler Zusammenarbeit und Arbeitsteilung die als besonders wichtig erkannten Themen zur Bewertung der fahrzeugseitigen Fahrerassistenzsysteme zu bearbeiten.
Ausgehend von den Unfalldaten der letzten Jahre wird die Bedeutung von Fußgängerunfällen im Unfallgeschehen dargestellt. Betrachtet man die bei Unfällen getöteten Verkehrsteilnehmer, so sind am häufigsten Personen in Kraftfahrzeugen betroffen. Am zweithäufigsten werden, gemäß der Unfallstatistik, Fußgänger getötet. Eine Möglichkeit zur Verbesserung des Schutzes von Fußgängern und anderen sogenannten "ungeschützten Verkehrsteilnehmern" im Falle einer Kollision mit einem Kraftfahrzeug sind Maßnahmen am Fahrzeug. Um die Wirksamkeit derartiger Maßnahmen zu beurteilen, wurde durch das EEVC (European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee) ein Prüfverfahren entwickelt. Es handelt sich dabei um ein Komponentenprüfverfahren, mit dem die Frontstruktur von Fahrzeugen, die bei einer Kollision mit einem Fußgänger hauptsächlich betroffen ist, geprüft wird. Es werden keine den gesamten Menschen repräsentierende Dummies verwendet, stattdessen werden Prüfkörper, die einzelne Körperteile simulieren, eingesetzt. Dieser EEVC Vorschlag wird geschildert. Darüber hinaus wird über Aktivitäten außerhalb des EEVC berichtet, sowie über den aktuellen Stand der Bemühungen der Europäischen Kommission in Bezug auf den Fußgängerschutz, die derzeit, auf Grundlage des Prüfvorschlages des EEVC, einen Vorschlag für eine Europäische Richtlinie erarbeitet.
Fahrerassistenzsysteme unterstützen den Fahrer durch Information, Warnung oder Eingriff in die Fahrzeugsteuerung. Zukünftige Systeme zur Kollisionsvermeidung oder bis hin zum automatischen Fahren werden den Fahrer immer mehr entlasten. Wegen ihres erheblichen Potenzials zur Verbesserung vor allem der aktiven Sicherheit können die Fahrerassistenzsysteme wesentlich zur Vermeidung von Unfällen oder der Reduktion von Unfallfolgen beitragen. Andererseits können Fahrerassistenzsysteme aufgrund des komplexen Systemzusammenhangs zwischen Fahrer, Fahrzeug und Umwelt negative Auswirkungen auf das Verkehrsgeschehen haben. Dieser Aspekt muss schon bei der Entwicklung der Systeme berücksichtigt werden. Die Empfehlung der Europäischen Kommission zur Gestaltung von Informations- und Kommunikationssystemen gibt dazu Leitlinien vor. Die BASt ist mit der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung der Thematik beauftragt. Die Industrie ist dazu aufgefordert darzulegen, welche Maßnahmen zur Einhaltung der Grundsätze ergriffen worden sind beziehungsweise werden. Um das Potenzial der Fahrerassistenzsysteme zur Steigerung der Verkehrssicherheit voll ausschöpfen zu können, sind weiterhin Forschungsarbeiten zur Entwicklung neuer und zur Weiterentwicklung bestehender Systeme unter Berücksichtigung der Gestaltungsanforderungen für sichere Assistenzsysteme durchzuführen.