Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2007 (105) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (52)
- Buch (Monographie) (33)
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (16)
- Bericht (2)
- Teil eines Buches (Kapitel) (1)
- Arbeitspapier (1)
Schlagworte
- Conference (48)
- Konferenz (47)
- Germany (38)
- Deutschland (36)
- Sicherheit (31)
- Forschungsbericht (30)
- Research report (30)
- Safety (30)
- Accident (27)
- Unfall (26)
- Statistics (23)
- Bewertung (22)
- Statistik (22)
- Analyse (math) (17)
- Injury (16)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (16)
- Severity (accid, injury) (16)
- Data acquisition (15)
- Datenerfassung (15)
- Evaluation (assessment) (15)
- Unfallverhütung (14)
- Verletzung (14)
- Analysis (math) (13)
- Prüfverfahren (12)
- Measurement (11)
- Messung (11)
- Test method (11)
- Tödlicher Unfall (11)
- Accident prevention (10)
- Driver (10)
- Fatality (10)
- Simulation (10)
- Autobahn (9)
- Data bank (9)
- Datenbank (9)
- Efficiency (9)
- Europa (9)
- Europe (9)
- Fahrzeug (9)
- Fußgänger (9)
- Highway (9)
- Pedestrian (9)
- Prevention (9)
- Straße (9)
- Straßenverkehr (9)
- Anfahrversuch (8)
- Car (8)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (8)
- Richtlinien (8)
- Specifications (8)
- Ursache (8)
- Verfahren (8)
- Verminderung (8)
- Cause (7)
- Development (7)
- Entwicklung (7)
- Fahrer (7)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (7)
- Head on collision (7)
- Improvement (7)
- Method (7)
- Motorcyclist (7)
- Motorradfahrer (7)
- Passive safety system (7)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (7)
- Planning (7)
- Risiko (7)
- Road network (7)
- Straßennetz (7)
- Test (7)
- Vehicle (7)
- Verbesserung (7)
- Versuch (7)
- Benutzung (6)
- Child (6)
- Decrease (6)
- Evaluation (6)
- Forschungsarbeit (6)
- Geschwindigkeit (6)
- Impact test (veh) (6)
- Kind (6)
- Planung (6)
- Reconstruction (accid) (6)
- Risikobewertung (6)
- Risk (6)
- Speed (6)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (6)
- Use (6)
- Active safety system (5)
- Berechnung (5)
- Calculation (5)
- Cost (5)
- Equipment (5)
- Highway design (5)
- Information (5)
- Interview (5)
- Motorway (5)
- PKW (5)
- Research project (5)
- Risk assessment (5)
- Road traffic (5)
- Straßenentwurf (5)
- Traffic (5)
- Tunnel (5)
- Verhalten (5)
- Verkehr (5)
- Age (4)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (4)
- Alte Leute (4)
- Alter (4)
- Auftaumittel (4)
- Ausrüstung (4)
- Automatisch (4)
- Bau (4)
- Behaviour (4)
- Bein (menschl) (4)
- Classification (4)
- Construction (4)
- Deicing (4)
- Driving aptitude (4)
- Electronic driving aid (4)
- Fahrausbildung (4)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (4)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (4)
- Freeway (4)
- Highway traffic (4)
- Klassifizierung (4)
- Kosten (4)
- Leg (human) (4)
- Legislation (4)
- Lärm (4)
- Main road (4)
- Mathematical model (4)
- Modification (4)
- Noise (4)
- Old people (4)
- On the spot accident investigation (4)
- Organisation (4)
- Rechenmodell (4)
- Road construction (4)
- Road user (4)
- Safety belt (4)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (4)
- Sicherheitsgurt (4)
- Side impact (4)
- Standardisierung (4)
- Standardization (4)
- Straßenbau (4)
- Traffic control (4)
- Traffic count (4)
- Traffic flow (4)
- Vehicle occupant (4)
- Verkehrserhebung (4)
- Verkehrsfluss (4)
- Verkehrssteuerung (4)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (4)
- Accident rate (3)
- Adolescent (3)
- Airbag (3)
- Anschlussstelle (3)
- Attitude (psychol) (3)
- Biomechanics (3)
- Biomechanik (3)
- Bridge deck (3)
- Collision (3)
- Crash helmet (3)
- Cyclist (3)
- Deformation (3)
- Delivery vehicle (3)
- Driver assistance system (3)
- Driver training (3)
- Dränasphalt (3)
- EU (3)
- Elektronische Fahrhilfe (3)
- Fahrbahntafel (3)
- Fahrtauglichkeit (3)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (3)
- Gesetzgebung (3)
- Gestaltung (3)
- Grenzwert (3)
- Human body (3)
- Human factor (3)
- Information management (3)
- Insasse (3)
- Interchange (3)
- Interior (veh) (3)
- Jahr (3)
- Jugendlicher (3)
- Junction (3)
- Knee (human) (3)
- Knie (menschl) (3)
- Knotenpunkt (3)
- Kontrolle (3)
- Landstraße (3)
- Layout (3)
- Lieferfahrzeug (3)
- Limit (3)
- Lorry (3)
- Maintenance (3)
- Menschlicher Faktor (3)
- Menschlicher Körper (3)
- Mobility (3)
- Mobilität (3)
- Pollutant (3)
- Porous asphalt (3)
- Quality (3)
- Radfahrer (3)
- Rural road (3)
- Schall (3)
- Schallpegel (3)
- Schutzeinrichtung (3)
- Schutzhelm (3)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (3)
- Sensor (3)
- Severity (accid (3)
- Sound (3)
- Sound level (3)
- Stadt (3)
- Surveillance (3)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (3)
- Unterhaltung (3)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (3)
- Urban area (3)
- Verformung (3)
- Verhütung (3)
- Verkehrsstärke (3)
- Verletzung) (3)
- Versuchsstrecke (3)
- Veränderung (3)
- Wassergehalt (3)
- Year (3)
- injury) (3)
- Absorption (2)
- Activity report (2)
- Air bag (restraint system) (2)
- Alignment (2)
- Annual average daily traffic (2)
- Anthropometric dummy (2)
- Arbeitsgruppe (2)
- Arzneimittel (2)
- Auffahrunfall (2)
- Ausfahrt (2)
- Automatic (2)
- Automation (2)
- Baustelle (2)
- Bauweise (2)
- Before and after study (2)
- Beton (2)
- Bitumen (2)
- Bituminöses Mischgut (2)
- Bridge (2)
- Brustkorb (2)
- Brücke (2)
- Carriageway marking (2)
- Cervical vertebrae (2)
- China (2)
- Concrete (2)
- Construction method (2)
- Construction site (2)
- Control (2)
- Cost benefit analysis (2)
- Cross roads (2)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (2)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (2)
- Detection (2)
- Driver information (2)
- Droge (2)
- Drugs (2)
- Drunkenness (2)
- Dummy (2)
- Education (2)
- Eigenschaft (2)
- Einbau (2)
- Eins (2)
- Einstellung (psychol) (2)
- Electronic stability program (2)
- Emission (2)
- Entdeckung (2)
- Error (2)
- Erziehung (2)
- Exit (2)
- Experimental road (2)
- Fahranfänger (2)
- Fahrbahnmarkierung (2)
- Fahrleistung (2)
- Fahrsimulator (2)
- Fahrtüchtigkeit (2)
- Fehler (2)
- Festigkeit (2)
- Feuer (2)
- Fire (2)
- Frau (2)
- Frequency (2)
- Frequenz (2)
- Front (2)
- Fuge (2)
- Führerschein (2)
- Geländefahrzeug (2)
- Gemeindeverwaltung (2)
- Gesundheit (2)
- Halswirbel (2)
- Health (2)
- Hohlraumgehalt (2)
- Immission (2)
- Impact study (environment) (2)
- Impact test (2)
- Information documentation (2)
- Japan (2)
- Joint (structural) (2)
- Kolmatierung (2)
- Kontakt Reifen-Straße (2)
- Kopf (2)
- Kosten Nutzen Vergleich (2)
- Krankheit (2)
- Kreuzung (2)
- Langfristig (2)
- Laying (2)
- Linienführung (2)
- Lkw (2)
- Local authority (2)
- Long term (2)
- Lüftung (2)
- Man (2)
- Mann (2)
- Medical aspects (2)
- Medication (2)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (2)
- Moisture content (2)
- Motorcycle (2)
- Motorrad (2)
- One (2)
- Organization (2)
- Organization (association) (2)
- Overlapping (2)
- Overturning (veh) (2)
- Pkw (2)
- Police (2)
- Polizei (2)
- Pollution concentration (2)
- Porosity (2)
- Probe (2)
- Properties (2)
- Qualität (2)
- Rear end collision (2)
- Reproducibility (2)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (2)
- Safety fence (2)
- Sample (mater) (2)
- Schadstoff (2)
- Seite (2)
- Side (2)
- Signalization (2)
- Silting (2)
- Sport utility vehicle (2)
- Steifigkeit (2)
- Steuerung (2)
- Stiffness (2)
- Strength (mater) (2)
- Telematik (2)
- Traffic concentration (2)
- Traffic congestion (2)
- Trunkenheit (2)
- Tätigkeitsbericht (2)
- USA (2)
- Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung (2)
- Vehicle mile (2)
- Ventilation (2)
- Verdichtungsgrad (2)
- Verkehrsstauung (2)
- Sichtbarkeit (2)
- Vorher Nachher Untersuchung (2)
- Wasser (2)
- Water (2)
- Wirbelsäule (2)
- Woman (2)
- Working group (2)
- Zusammenstoß (2)
- Überlappung (2)
- Überschlagen (2)
- Abgaben (1)
- Abstandsregeltempomat (1)
- Access road (1)
- Accident black spot (1)
- Adaptation (psychol) (1)
- Adaptive cruise control (1)
- Adhesion (1)
- Adhäsion (1)
- Administration (1)
- Aggregate (1)
- Air (1)
- Air pollution (1)
- Airbag (restraint system) (1)
- Akzeptanz (1)
- Alcohol (1)
- Alkohol (1)
- Anpassung (psychol) (1)
- Anti locking device (1)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (1)
- Apparatus (measuring) (1)
- Aptitude (1)
- Arch bridge (1)
- Arterial highway (1)
- Arzt (1)
- Asphaltmastix (1)
- Attention (1)
- Audit (1)
- Aufbereitungsanlage (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Auftauen (1)
- Auftrag (1)
- Auslaugung (1)
- Ausstattung (1)
- Austria (1)
- Baum (1)
- Baustoff (1)
- Begrenzungsleuchten (1)
- Behavior (1)
- Behinderter (1)
- Belastung (1)
- Bemessung (1)
- Beschilderung (1)
- Bestand (1)
- Betriebshof (1)
- Bicycle (1)
- Bindemittel (1)
- Binder (1)
- Biotopvernetzung (1)
- Bituminous materials (1)
- Bituminous mixture (1)
- Black ice (1)
- Blendung (1)
- Bodenmechanik (1)
- Body (car) (1)
- Bogenbrücke (1)
- Brake (1)
- Braking (1)
- Bremse (1)
- Bremsung (1)
- Bridge surfacing (1)
- Brittleness (1)
- Brückenbelag (1)
- Budget (1)
- Bus (1)
- Bus stop (1)
- By product (1)
- Bypass (loop road) (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Case law (1)
- Causes (1)
- Chippings (1)
- Chlorid (1)
- Colthing (1)
- Comfort (1)
- Compatibility (1)
- Compliance (specif) (1)
- Components of the Car (1)
- Concentration (chem) (1)
- Condition survey (1)
- Confiscation (driving licence) (1)
- Contact (Tyre road) (1)
- Contact (tyre road) (1)
- Contract (1)
- Contractor (1)
- Correlation (math (1)
- Corridor function (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Cracking (1)
- Cross section (1)
- Culvert (1)
- Cycle track (1)
- Damage (1)
- Damm (1)
- Damping (1)
- Deceleration (1)
- Decke (straße) (1)
- Deckschicht (1)
- Decreases (1)
- Defect [tech] (1)
- Deformable barrier (Impact test) (1)
- Deformierte Barriere (Anpralltest) (1)
- Degree of saturation (mater) (1)
- Delivery service (1)
- Density (1)
- Depot (transp) (1)
- Design (overall design) (1)
- Detektion (1)
- Deutschalnd (1)
- Dichte (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Digital model (1)
- Disabled person (1)
- Drainage (1)
- Driving (1)
- Driving (veh) (1)
- Driving license (1)
- Dtetection (1)
- Durchlass (1)
- Durchlässigkeit (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- Dynamik (1)
- Dämpfung (1)
- EU directive (1)
- EU-Richtlinie; Gefahrguttransport (1)
- Earthworks (1)
- Economic efficiency (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Eindringung (1)
- Einfahrt (1)
- Eis (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogram (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (1)
- Embankment (1)
- Empfindlichkeit (1)
- Enforcement (law) (1)
- Entrance (1)
- Entwässerung (1)
- Environment protection (1)
- Erdarbeiten (1)
- Erfahrung (menschl) (1)
- Erkennbarkeit (1)
- Erste Hilfe (1)
- Evaluation [assessment] (1)
- Experience (human) (1)
- Experimental Road (1)
- Expert opinion (1)
- Fahrerinformation (1)
- Fahrrad (1)
- Fahrstreifen (1)
- Fahrzeugbeleuchtung (1)
- Fahrzeugführung (1)
- Fahrzeugrückhaltesystem (1)
- Fahrzeugsitz (1)
- Fahrzeugteile (1)
- Federal Republic of (1)
- Fehler [tech] (1)
- Festzeitsteuerung (Lichtsignal) (1)
- Financing (1)
- Finanzierung (1)
- Finland (1)
- Finnland (1)
- First aid (1)
- Fixed time (signals) (1)
- Flow (fluid) (1)
- Forecast (1)
- Fortbildung (1)
- France (1)
- Frankreich (1)
- Freight traffic (1)
- Freight transportation (1)
- Frost (1)
- Fuel consumption (1)
- Functional safety (1)
- Funktionale Sicherheit (1)
- Führerscheinentzug (1)
- Gemisch (1)
- Georadar (1)
- Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung (1)
- Gesetzesdurchführung (1)
- Glare (1)
- Glatteis (1)
- Government (national) (1)
- Griffigkeit (1)
- Ground penetrating radar (1)
- Guardrail (1)
- Gutachten (1)
- Gütertransport (1)
- Güterverkehr (1)
- Halide (1)
- Haltestelle (1)
- Halteverbot (1)
- Hanger (1)
- Hard shoulder (1)
- Head (1)
- Head restraint (1)
- Headlamp (1)
- Herstellung (1)
- Highway capacity (1)
- Hänger (1)
- Ice (1)
- In situ (1)
- Industrierückstand (1)
- Injury) (1)
- Installation (1)
- Insurance (1)
- International (1)
- Intoxication (1)
- Inventar (1)
- Inventory (1)
- Ireland (1)
- Irland (1)
- JDTV (1)
- Jdtv (1)
- Journey to school (1)
- Kalibrierung (1)
- Kapazität (Straße) (1)
- Karosserie (1)
- Kleidung (1)
- Komfort (1)
- Kompatibilität (1)
- Konzentration (chem) (1)
- Koordinierte Signalsteuerung (1)
- Kopfstütze (1)
- Korrelation (math (1)
- Korridorfunktion (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- Kraftstoffverbrauch (1)
- Kreisverkehrsplatz (1)
- Layer (1)
- Leaching (1)
- Lebenszyklus (1)
- LeistungsfÃ-¤higkeit (allg) (1)
- Level of service (1)
- Lichtsignal (1)
- Lieferung (1)
- Life cycle (1)
- Linked signals (1)
- Load (1)
- Luft (1)
- Luftverschmutzung (1)
- Lärmschutzwand (1)
- Lösung (chem) (1)
- Magnetism (1)
- Magnetismus (1)
- Manufacture (1)
- Mastic asphalt (1)
- Material (constr) (1)
- Medical examination (1)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (1)
- Text (1)
- Messgerät (1)
- Micro (1)
- Migration corridor (1)
- Mikro (1)
- Mixing plant (1)
- Mixture (1)
- Montage (1)
- Nachricht (1)
- Nadel (1)
- Nasse Straße (1)
- Natriumchlorid (1)
- Nature protection (1)
- Naturschutz (1)
- Needle (1)
- Nitrogen oxide (1)
- No stopping (1)
- Noise barrier (1)
- Noisture content (1)
- Non destructive (1)
- Norm (tech) (1)
- Nummer (1)
- Numerisches Modell (1)
- Ozon (1)
- Ozone (1)
- Penetration (1)
- Perception (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Personenschaden (1)
- Pfahl (1)
- Pile (1)
- Policy (1)
- Politik (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Privat (1)
- Private (1)
- Privatisierung (1)
- Privatization (1)
- Probability (1)
- Probenahme (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Prohibition (1)
- Provisorisch (1)
- Psychological aspects (1)
- Psychological examination (1)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (1)
- Psychologische Untersuchung (1)
- Public private partnership (1)
- Public transport (1)
- Publicity (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- QualitÃ-¤t (1)
- Qualitätssicherung (1)
- Querprofil (1)
- Querschnitt (1)
- Querungshilfe für Tiere (1)
- Radar (1)
- Radweg (1)
- Rate of compacition (1)
- Rate of compaction (1)
- Rauminhalt (1)
- Rauninhalt (1)
- Recently qualified driver (1)
- Rechenprogramm (1)
- Rechtsprechung (1)
- Regierung (Staat) (1)
- Regression analysis (1)
- Regressionsanalyse (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Rehabilitation (road user) (1)
- Reisedauer (1)
- Report (1)
- Research projekt (1)
- Ring and ball (test) (1)
- Ring und Kugel (Versuch) (1)
- Rissbildung (1)
- Road (1)
- Road pricing (1)
- Roadbase (1)
- Roundabout (1)
- Rsk (1)
- Sachschaden (1)
- Sampling (1)
- Sanitary facilities (1)
- Sanitäre Anlagen (1)
- Scheinwerfer (1)
- Schicht (1)
- Schulweg (1)
- Schutz (1)
- Schweden (1)
- Schweregrad [Unfall (1)
- Schwingung (1)
- Seat (veh) (1)
- Security (1)
- Seitenstreifen (befestigt) (1)
- Sensitivity (1)
- Service area (1)
- Service station (1)
- Severity [accid (1)
- Sichtbarkeit (1)
- Sichtweite (1)
- Side Light (1)
- Signalisierung (1)
- Simulator (driving) (1)
- Skid resistance (1)
- Sodium chloride (1)
- Soil mechanics (1)
- Solution (chem) (1)
- Specification (standard) (1)
- Speed limit (1)
- Spinal calum (1)
- Spinal column (1)
- Splitt (1)
- Spreading (1)
- Sprödigkeit (1)
- Stability (1)
- Stahl (1)
- Stand der Technik (Bericht) (1)
- Standfestigkeit (1)
- State of the art report (1)
- Statistic (1)
- Statistik (math) (1)
- Steel (1)
- Stickoxid (1)
- Stop (Public transport) (1)
- Straßenbahn (1)
- Straßenbenutzungsgebühr (1)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (1)
- Straßenverkehrstechnik (1)
- Strömung (1)
- Surfacing (1)
- Sättigungsgrad (mater) (1)
- Tank Rast Anlage (1)
- Tankstelle (1)
- Tax (1)
- Telecommunication (1)
- Telekommunikation (1)
- Telematic (1)
- Telematics (1)
- Temperatur (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Temporary (1)
- Tension (1)
- Test procedures (1)
- Thaw (1)
- Thorax (1)
- Tier (1)
- Traffic assignment (1)
- Traffic delay (1)
- Traffic density (1)
- Traffic engineering (1)
- Traffic lane (1)
- Traffic regulations (1)
- Traffic restraint (1)
- Traffic sign (1)
- Traffic signal (1)
- Traffic signal control systems (1)
- Traffic survey (1)
- Tragschicht (1)
- Tram (1)
- Transport authority (1)
- Transport of hazardous materials (1)
- Transverse profile (1)
- Travel time (1)
- Trend (Stat) (1)
- Tunnels (1)
- Two (1)
- Umgehungsstraße (1)
- Umweltschutz (1)
- Unfallschwerpunkt (1)
- Unfallverhütug (1)
- United Kingdom (1)
- Untersuchung am unfallort (1)
- Variable message sign (1)
- Variance analysis (1)
- Varianzanalyse (1)
- Vegetation (1)
- Vehicle actuated (1)
- Vehicle lighting (1)
- Vehicle restraint system (1)
- Vehicles (1)
- Verarbeitbarkeit (1)
- Verbot (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreichl (1)
- VerhÃ-¼tung (1)
- Verkehrsabhängig (1)
- Verkehrsbeschränkung (1)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (1)
- Verkehrsqualität (1)
- Verkehrsuntersuchung (1)
- Verkehrsverbund (1)
- Verkehrszeichen (1)
- Verletzung] (1)
- Versicherung (1)
- Verspätung (1)
- Verteilung (mater) (1)
- Vertragspartner (1)
- Verwaltung (1)
- Verzögerung (1)
- VerÃ-¤nderung (1)
- Vibration (1)
- Viscosity (1)
- Visibility distance (1)
- Viskosität (1)
- Jahrgang (1)
- Vorn (1)
- Vorne (1)
- Vorschrifteneinhaltung (1)
- Wachstum (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (1)
- Warning (1)
- Warnung (1)
- Wave (1)
- Wearing course (1)
- Weathering (1)
- Wechselverkehrszeichen (1)
- Wegewahl (1)
- Welle (1)
- Werbung (1)
- Wet road (1)
- Wildlife crossing (1)
- Wirtschaftlichkeit (1)
- Witterung (1)
- Workability (1)
- Zeitreihe (stat) (1)
- Zerstörungsfrei (1)
- Zufahrtsstraße (1)
- Zug (mech) (1)
- ZusammenstoÃüï-¿-½Ãƒ-¯Ã‚-¿Ã‚-½ (1)
- Zuschlagstoff (1)
- Zustandsbewertung (1)
- Zwei (1)
- efficiency (1)
- fatality (1)
- head (1)
- injury] (1)
- stat) (1)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (1)
- Österreich (1)
A legform impactor with biofidelic characteristics (FlexPLI) which is being developed by the Japanese Automobile Research Institute (JARI) is being considered as a test tool for legislation within a proposed Global Technical Regulation on pedestrian protection (UNECE, 2006) and therefore being evaluated by the Technical Evaluation Group (TEG) of GRSP. In previous built levels it already showed good test results on real cars as well as under idealised test conditions but also revealed further need for improvement. A research study at the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) deals with the question on how leg injury risks of modern car fronts can be revealed, reflected and assessed by the FlexPLI and how the impactor can be used and implemented as a legislative instrument for the type approval of cars according to current and future legislations on pedestrian protection. The latest impactor built level (GTα ) is being evaluated by a general review and assessment of the certification procedure, the knee joint biofidelity and the currently proposed injury criteria. Furthermore, the usability, robustness and durability as a test tool for legislation is examined and an assessment of leg injuries is made by a series of tests with the FlexPLI on real cars with modern car front shapes as well as under idealised test conditions. Finally, a comparison is made between the FlexPLI and the current european legislation tool, the legform impactor according to EEVC WG 17.
The use of proper child restraint systems (CRS) is mandatory for children travelling in cars in most countries of the world. The analysis of the quantity of restrained children shows that more than 90% of the children in Germany are restrained. Looking at the quality of the protection, a large discrepancy between restrained and well protected children can be seen. Two out of three children in Germany are not properly restrained. In addition, considerable difference exists with respect to the technical performance of CRS. For that reason investigations and optimisations on two different topics are necessary: The technical improvement of CRS and the ease of use of CRS. Consideration of the knowledge gained by the comparison of different CRS in crash tests would lead to some improvements of the CRS. But improvement of child safety is not only a technical issue. People should use CRS in the correct way. Misuse and incorrect handling could lead to less safety than correct usage of a poor CRS. For that reason new technical issues are necessary to improve the child safety AND the ease of use. Only the combination of both parts can significantly increase child safety. For the assessment of the safety level of common CRS, frontal and lateral sled tests simulating different severity levels were conducted comparing pairs of CRS which were felt to be good and CRS which were felt to be poor. The safety of some CRS is currently at a high level. All well known products were not damaged in the performed tests. The performance of non-branded CRS was mostly worse than that of the well known products. Although the branded child restraint systems already show a high safety level it is still possible to further improve their technical performance as demonstrated with a baby shell and a harness type CRS.
As set out in the Terms of Reference, the objective of European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) Working Group (WG) 15 Car Crash Compatibility and Frontal Impact is to develop a test procedure(s) with associated performance criteria for car frontal impact compatibility. This work should lead to improved car to car frontal compatibility and self protection without decreasing the safety in other impact configuration such as impacts with car sides, trucks, and pedestrians. Since 2003, EEVC WG 15 served as a steering group for the car-to-car activities in the "Improvement of Vehicle Crash Compatibility through the development of Crash Test Procedures" (VC-COMPAT) project that was finalised at the end of 2006 and partly funded by the European Commission. This paper presents the research work carried out in the VC-COMPAT project and the results of its assessment by EEVC WG 15. Other additional work presented by the UK and French governments and industry " in particular the European industry - was taken into consideration. It also identifies current issues with candidate testing approaches. The candidate test approaches are: - an offset barrier test with the progressive deformable barrier (PDB) face in combination with a full width rigid barrier test - a full width wall test with a deformable aluminium honeycomb face and a high resolution load cell wall supplemented by the forces measured in the offset deformable barrier (ODB) test with the current EEVC barrier. These candidate test approaches must assess the structural interaction and give information of frontal force levels and compartment strength for passenger vehicles. Further, this paper presents the planned route map of EEVC WG 15 for the evaluation of the proposed test procedures and assessment criteria.
At the 2005 ESV conference, the International Harmonisation of Research Activities (IHRA) side impact working group proposed a 4 part draft test procedure, to form the basis of harmonisation of regulation world-wide and to help advances in car occupant protection. This paper presents the work performed by a European Commission 6th framework project, called APROSYS, an further development and evaluation of the proposed procedure from a European perspective. The 4 parts of the proposed procedure are: - A Mobile Deformable Barrier test; - An oblique Pole side impact test; - Interior headform tests; - Side Out of Position (OOP) tests. Full scale test and modelling work to develop the Advanced European Mobile Deformable Barrier (AE-MDB) further is described, resulting in a recommendation to revise the barrier face to include a bumper beam element. An evaluation of oblique and perpendicular pole tests was made from tests and numerical simulations using ES-2 and WorldSID 50th percentile dummies. It was concluded that an oblique pole test is feasible but that a perpendicular test would be preferable for Europe. The interior headform test protocol was evaluated to assess its repeatability and reproducibility and to solve issues such as the head impact angle and limitation zones. Recommendations for updates to the test protocol are made. Out-of-position (OOP) tests applicable for the European situation were performed, which included additional tests with Child Restraint Systems (CRS) which use is mandatory in Europe. It was concluded that the proposed IHRA OOP tests do cover the worst case situations, but the current test protocol is not ready for regulatory use.
The PDB, BASt and Opel conducted two test series to evaluate possible effects on the results obtained using the EEVC WG17 Lower Legform Impactor as a test tool for the assessment of pedestrian safety. The reproducibility and repeatability of the test results were assessed using six legform impactors while keeping the test parameters constant. In the second series one impactor was used and the test parameters were varied to assess the effects on the readings of the legform. The test parameters were velocity, temperature, relative humidity, the point of first contact regarding the deviation in z-direction and the deviations of the pitch, roll and yaw angle. The tests were performed using an inverse setup, i.e. the legform was hit by a guided linear impactor equipped with a honeycomb deformation element. This setup was chosen to be able to vary each single parameter while avoiding variations of the other test parameters at the same time. The test parameters were varied stronger than allowed in regulatory use in order to determine possible dependencies between the parameters and the readings which were acceleration, bending angle and shear displacement.
The National Roads Authority in Ireland is responsible for planning and supervision of construction and maintenance works on the National Road network. Its primary function is "to secure the provision of a safe and efficient network of national roads". The population of Ireland has grown rapidly from 3.5 million to 4 million within the past 10 years, and vehicle ownership has also risen rapidly to 2 million vehicles, with 2.2 million drivers. Collisions rates in Ireland are at approximately 1.5 collisions per 1,000 population (in 2002), and 8.4 deaths per 1,000,000 population (in 2003). This ranked 8th out of the 15 countries in the European Union at the time. Ireland- current Road Safety Strategy includes Engineering Targets. These are to complete construction of certain lengths of new motorway, dual carriageway and 2+1 highway, to implement a certain number of accident remedial and traffic calming schemes, and to implement road safety audit on all new schemes. The accident remedial schemes, traffic calming schemes, and road safety audit are all the responsibility of the Road Safety section of NRA. The road safety programme of the NRA is divided into four main areas; a) accident remedial measures at individual sites, b) accident remedial treatment of entire routes, c) traffic calming of towns and villages on main roads, d) road safety audit. Examples of these measures are described. Evaluation of past programmes of single site accident remedial measures show a reduction in collision occurrence at these sites, but the effectiveness and the economic rate of return is decreasing over successive programmes. A similar programme has now been adopted on the rest of the country- road network, on regional and local roads. The programme of remedial treatment of entire routes has only recently started and has not been evaluated. Evaluation of the first programme of traffic calming of towns and villages shows an overall decrease in collisions and their severity, and a small reduction in speed. Road Safety Audit, examining new schemes a number of times during design and after construction, has been standard procedure on the national road network for nearly 6 years. An evaluation is currently underway.
Die EU hat für die Verkehrssicherheit in Europa ein anspruchsvolles Ziel vorgegeben: Bis 2010 soll die Anzahl der im Straßenverkehr Getöteten gegenüber 2000 halbiert werden. Für Deutschland kann eine erfolgreiche Zwischenbilanz gezogen werden: In den letzten 5 Jahren nahm trotz Vergrößerung des Kraftfahrzeugbestandes um 6% die Anzahl der Verkehrstoten um 29% ab, in den vergangenen 10 Jahren ist ein Rückgang um 43% zu verzeichnen. Diese im internationalen Vergleich überdurchschnittlichen Erfolge sind nicht zuletzt auch auf Fortschritte in der Fahrzeugtechnik zurückzuführen, wobei die zunehmende Verbreitung von Systemen der Aktiven Sicherheit wie ABS, BAS, ESP einen entscheidenden Anteil hat. Nach der deutlichen Reduzierung von Fahrunfällen durch ESP-® stehen nun die Auffahrunfälle im Fokus der Sicherheitsentwicklung von Mercedes-Benz. Das Paket aus verbessertem rückwärtigen Signalbild (Adaptives Bremslicht) und Brems-Assistent (BAS) wurde kürzlich durch radarbasierte Bremsassistenz ergänzt (BAS PLUS und PRE-SAFE-®-Bremse). Der Beitrag geht auf Funktion und Wirksamkeit der einzelnen Systeme ein und gibt einen Ausblick in die nähere Zukunft.
Mobil sein zählt zu den Grundbedürfnissen und im Rahmen des westlichen Wertesystems zu den Grundrechten von Menschen. Dies gilt umso mehr, je mobiler die Gesamtgesellschaft wird und je mehr Menschen im Zuge der demographischen Entwicklung zum Kreis der "älteren Menschen" zählen. Dementsprechend wertet der dritte Bericht zur Lage der älteren Generation in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland den Erhalt der Mobilität im Alter als Basis für die "Erschließbarkeit der verschiedensten Ressourcen der Außenwelt" und als "entscheidenden Faktor von Lebensqualität im Alter", d.h. Aufrechterhaltung der Unabhängigkeit der Lebensführung durch Bewahrung von Fertigkeiten inkl. der Ermutigung zur Mobilität spielt für Ältere eine besonders wichtige Rolle. Die Entwicklung von Interventionsansätzen zur Förderung einer lebenslangen, sicheren Mobilität älterer Menschen stellt eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Herausforderung dar. Dementsprechend lebendig ist die Diskussion über Möglichkeiten ältere Verkehrsteilnehmer/innen in der Erhaltung ihrer Mobilität zu unterstützen und die Forschungsaktivität auf diesem Gebiet. Im Vortrag werden u. a. folgende Bereiche thematisiert: - Senioren stellen keine homogene Gruppe dar; dieses gut erforschte Faktum gilt auch für ihr Mobilitätsverhalten, aber auch für das Risikoverhalten. Ältere Menschen sind durch ausgesprochene Vielfalt mobilitätsbezogener Erwartungen, Verhaltensmuster und Lebensstile charakterisiert. - Die gegenwärtig durchaus wachsende positive Bewertung und Einstellung gegenüber Alter und Altern muss bei der Entwicklung neuer Sicherheitsmodelle berücksichtigt werden, gar Vorteil sollte daraus gezogen werden. - Um höhere Straßenverkehrssicherheit - nicht nur für Ältere - zu erreichen, ist eine stärkere Orientierung auf schwache, ungeschützte, vulnerable Verkehrsteilnehmer notwendig. - Teilnahme am Straßenverkehr ist Ergebnis eines lebenslangen Lernprozesses. Mobilitätsgewohnheiten, die während des Lebenslaufes erworben wurden, werden auch im Alter (unter Einsatz diverser Kompensationsstrategien) zum Großteil beibehalten. - Technologische Systeme (z.B. Telematik) können Mobilitätsplanung erleichtern und (bis zu einem gewissen Grad) Verluste in Fertigkeiten und Fähigkeiten zur Verkehrsteilnahme kompensieren und auf diese Weise zur Unfallreduktion beitragen. Die Alterssensitivität der Systeme muss ein zentraler Entwicklungsbereich sein. - Es sollte eine sehr viel stärkere Beteiligung der Älteren an der Entwicklung, Einführung und Implementation von verkehrsbezogenen Sicherheitsmaßnahmen und neuen Technologien ermöglicht werden. - Augenmerk sollte auch auf "alternative" Mobilitätsformen gelenkt werden: Smart Modes (zu Fuß gehen, Radfahren). Auch die Nutzung des ÖPNV sollte dadurch erleichtert werden, dass er so "benutzerfreundlich" wie nur möglich wird. - Ältere haben weiterhin ein hohes Interesse an und eine positive Einstellung zu Lernen, Übung und Training. Dies gilt auch für technischen Fortschritt und moderne Entwicklungen bezüglich der Straßenverkehrssicherheit. - Wenn Verkehrssicherheitsmaßnahmen implementiert werden, sollten die Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten dergestalt genutzt werden, dass sie für die verschiedenen Lebenssituationen und Lebensstile der Älteren angemessen sind. "Neue" Medien können dabei durchaus in Betracht gezogen werden. Fachdisziplinen wie Politikwissenschaft, Verkehrswesen, Ingenieurwissenschaften, Raumplanung, Architektur, Soziologie, Medizin, Psychologie, Pädagogik, Rechtswissenschaften, Ökonomie und Ökologie müssen künftig kooperieren, um einen Synergie-Effekt im Bereich der Mobilitätsförderung und der Verkehrssicherheitsarbeit für ältere Verkehrsteilnehmer und Verkehrsteilnehmerinnen zu erzielen. Dabei ist eine enge, interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit notwendig - ebenso wie ein vorurteilsfreier Umgang der Menschen miteinander in unserer Gesellschaft.
Before 2002, France was in the queue of Europeans countries in terms of road safety results because of the low density of population and the faulty behaviour of French due itself to a very low level of traffic law enforcement Even if there were signs of the change of mind in France towards road safety before, the turning point was in summer 2002, when the President declared road safety as a priority work during his mandate. The more symbolic measure was the decision to settle an automatic speed control system (700 fixed and 300 mobile). Over three years, the average speed on French roads decreased by 5 km/h and the number of fatalities on road turned down from an average of 8000 deaths per year to 5 300, which represents a decrease of more than 34 %. For the next months, we anticipate that, as many drivers have kept loosing points on their driving licence through light speed violations, this will lead drivers to check their speed and the speed limits more systematically as loosing points on one's driving license has longer time effects than paying a fine. Consequently, we expect a decrease of 10 % to 15% of fatalities in 2006, which is a very good result if we compare with the trend of the last twenty five years (about 2,3 %). The reverse effect of this system that lies on the changes of behaviour of the majority is that, there is more and more discontent against the system taking into account that automatic speed control system allows only a minor tolerance above limits and that local speed limits are not always adapted to local infrastructure and traffic conditions. Another weakness of the system is that motorcyclists are too rarely caught by the system; the system is being gradually improved by placing the new speed cameras in position of taking photographs of the back of the vehicle. But this would not be sufficient to reduce the speed of motorcyclists that are a very high risk group (16% of fatalities for 0,8 % of traffic) For alcohol, there is no easy route for progress: all what is done nowadays is toward festive impaired driving (through designating sober drivers or mass alcohol preventive screenings) although there is not enough done towards chronic alcoholic driving.
Motorcycle safety research
(2007)
Honda- global motorcycle sales exceeded the 10 million units mark since 2004, and further expansion is expected. As a responsibility for a company to provide mobility, Honda is focusing on motorcycle safety as top priority and has been working on various activities for both aspects of hardware and software. Here, we present Honda- activity for the safety technology of motorcycles. At present, Honda is promoting motorcycle safety in the four themes of prevention and collision safety such as safety education, recognition assistance, accident prevention and injury reduction. First, in the area of the safety education, the "Honda Safety Driving Promotion Center" was established in 1970, and motorcycle riders and vehicle driver trainings have been organized, and the traffic training centers are used as an actual practice field not only in Japan but also in many other regions in the world. Through our training activities, the new area of safety training with hardware assistance was developed and Honda- unique technology was accumulated such as the riding simulator which can provide experience of potentially dangerous situations without risk. Especially, the "riding trainer", the popular version of the riding simulator, was introduced at several motor shows in various countries and launched in September 2005. It was distributed first in Europe and is expected to expand globally aiming at 3000 units worldwide.. And in Europe, the newest version, which includes the suburban roads program, jointly developed with ADAC, will be released in near future. In the area of recognition assistance, "vehicle to vehicle communication technology" is under development using the advantage of being a manufacturer of both motorcycles and cars. This technology is under research as Honda "ASV-3" in Japan, and as part of C2C activity in Europe. As for the accident prevention, advanced brake systems for motorcycles to assist more effective brake operation have been expanded, Honda signed the European Road Safety Charter in April 2004 with the advanced brake systems commitment and furthermore, they are expanding according to vehicle characteristics and region. Then all models above 250 cc will have a version of the system by 2010. And as the last theme, "motorcycle airbag system" is introduced which is equipped on a mass production motorcycle for the first time in the world. It has been researched and developed for a long time as an injury reduction technology for collision accidents. Honda automobile technology was used for the research and development of the motorcycle airbag, and many specific issues such as the analysis of the collision conditions particular to motorcycles have been solved to realize today- success. It might be known that ADAC in-house crash test held in August this year confirmed the high effectiveness of the airbag system and showed a positive result. This motorcycle airbag system is equipped to the Honda Gold Wing and launched in North America in August, 2006. Also in Europe, it will be sold by the end of this year. Each theme of Honda motorcycle safety technology can be seen at the Honda booth.