Sonstige
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (256) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (256) (entfernen)
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (256) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (237)
- Konferenz (236)
- Accident (123)
- Unfall (123)
- Germany (118)
- Deutschland (117)
- Injury (85)
- Verletzung (84)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (72)
- Statistics (56)
- Statistik (55)
- Analyse (math) (53)
- Analysis (math) (52)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (52)
- Severity (accid, injury) (50)
- Tödlicher Unfall (50)
- Fatality (49)
- Reconstruction (accid) (46)
- Data acquisition (39)
- Datenerfassung (39)
- injury) (38)
- Datenbank (37)
- Simulation (37)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (36)
- Verletzung) (36)
- Car (35)
- Cause (35)
- On the spot accident investigation (35)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (35)
- Ursache (35)
- Fußgänger (34)
- Pedestrian (34)
- Severity (accid (34)
- Fahrzeug (29)
- Vehicle (28)
- Data bank (27)
- Safety (27)
- Unfallverhütung (27)
- Zusammenstoß (27)
- Accident prevention (26)
- Accident reconstruction (26)
- Collision (26)
- Sicherheit (26)
- Geschwindigkeit (25)
- Motorcyclist (24)
- Motorradfahrer (24)
- Speed (24)
- Cyclist (23)
- Radfahrer (23)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (22)
- Bewertung (21)
- Driver (21)
- Evaluation (assessment) (21)
- Fahrer (21)
- PKW (21)
- Active safety system (20)
- Anfahrversuch (20)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (20)
- Efficiency (19)
- Head on collision (19)
- Insasse (19)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (18)
- Method (18)
- Europa (17)
- Europe (17)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (17)
- Risiko (17)
- Verfahren (17)
- Vehicle occupant (16)
- Interview (15)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (15)
- Pkw (15)
- Test (15)
- Risk (14)
- Sicherheitsgurt (14)
- Versuch (14)
- Benutzung (13)
- Driver assistance system (13)
- Motorrad (13)
- Passive safety system (13)
- Use (13)
- Accident rate (12)
- Motorcycle (12)
- Safety belt (12)
- Überschlagen (12)
- Auffahrunfall (11)
- Child (11)
- Kind (11)
- Rear end collision (11)
- Schutzhelm (11)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (11)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (11)
- Berechnung (10)
- Crash helmet (10)
- Human factor (10)
- Impact test (veh) (10)
- Menschlicher Faktor (10)
- Overturning (veh) (10)
- Rechenmodell (10)
- Risikobewertung (10)
- Side impact (10)
- Calculation (9)
- Database (9)
- Fahrzeugsitz (9)
- Head (9)
- Japan (9)
- Kopf (9)
- Leg (human) (9)
- Mathematical model (9)
- Prognose (9)
- Risk assessment (9)
- Age (8)
- Airbag (8)
- Alte Leute (8)
- Alter (8)
- Behaviour (8)
- Brustkorb (8)
- Development (8)
- Digital model (8)
- Entwicklung (8)
- Fehler (8)
- Lorry (8)
- Numerisches Modell (8)
- Old people (8)
- Seat (veh) (8)
- Verhalten (8)
- Air bag (restraint system) (7)
- Antikollisionssystem (7)
- Austria (7)
- Biomechanics (7)
- Biomechanik (7)
- Error (7)
- Erste Hilfe (7)
- Fahranfänger (7)
- Fracture (bone) (7)
- Front (7)
- Improvement (7)
- Knochenbruch (7)
- Krankenhaus (7)
- Prevention (7)
- Recently qualified driver (7)
- USA (7)
- Verbesserung (7)
- Wirbelsäule (7)
- Österreich (7)
- Bein (menschl) (6)
- Bremsung (6)
- China (6)
- Collision avoidance system (6)
- Deformation (6)
- Forecast (6)
- Hospital (6)
- India (6)
- Indien (6)
- Ort (Position) (6)
- Portugal (6)
- Software (6)
- Thorax (6)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (6)
- Verformung (6)
- Verminderung (6)
- Analyse (Math) (5)
- Braking (5)
- Cervical vertebrae (5)
- Correlation (math, stat) (5)
- Decrease (5)
- Driver training (5)
- EU (5)
- Eins (5)
- Fahrausbildung (5)
- First aid (5)
- Halswirbel (5)
- Impact study (5)
- Impact test (5)
- Knotenpunkt (5)
- Location (5)
- One (5)
- Post crash (5)
- Prüfverfahren (5)
- Spinal column (5)
- Test method (5)
- Vorn (5)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (5)
- Adolescent (4)
- Angle (4)
- Bremse (4)
- Coefficient of friction (4)
- Collision test (veh) (4)
- Cost benefit analysis (4)
- Distraction (4)
- Dynamics (4)
- Dynamik (4)
- Electronic stability program (4)
- Estimation (4)
- Fahrdatenschreiber (4)
- France (4)
- Frankreich (4)
- Frau (4)
- Jugendlicher (4)
- Junction (4)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (4)
- LKW (4)
- Measurement (4)
- Messung (4)
- Modification (4)
- Oberflächentextur (4)
- Occupant (veh) (4)
- Policy (4)
- Politik (4)
- Regression analysis (4)
- Regressionsanalyse (4)
- Reibungsbeiwert (4)
- Schweden (4)
- Sensor (4)
- Sichtbarkeit (4)
- Surface texture (4)
- Unfallfolgemaßnahme (4)
- United Kingdom (4)
- Verhütung (4)
- Veränderung (4)
- Sichtbarkeit (4)
- Winkel (4)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (4)
- Ablenkung (psychol) (3)
- Anthropometric dummy (3)
- Befreiung (Bergung) (3)
- Bicycle (3)
- Blickfeld (3)
- Brake (3)
- Crash test (3)
- Czech Republic (3)
- Damage (3)
- Delivery vehicle (3)
- Drunkenness (3)
- Effectiveness (3)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (3)
- Erziehung (3)
- Event data recorder (road vehicle) (3)
- Extrication (3)
- Fahrgeschicklichkeit (3)
- Fahrrad (3)
- Fahrstabilität (3)
- Field of vision (3)
- Finite element method (3)
- Human body (3)
- Impact sled (3)
- Information (3)
- Information documentation (3)
- Interior (veh) (3)
- Kleidung (3)
- Korea (Süd) (Demokratische Republik) (3)
- Lieferfahrzeug (3)
- Lkw (3)
- Man (3)
- Mann (3)
- Menschlicher Körper (3)
- Passenger (3)
- Probability (3)
- Republic of Korea (3)
- Run off the road (accid) (3)
- Sachschaden (3)
- Schutzeinrichtung (3)
- Seite (3)
- Steifigkeit (3)
- Stiffness (3)
- Technologie (3)
- Technology (3)
- Trunkenheit (3)
- Tschechische Republik (3)
- United kingdom (3)
- Vehicle handling (3)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (3)
- Verschiebung (3)
- Versuchspuppe (3)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (3)
- Woman (3)
- Abbiegen (2)
- Abdomen (2)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (Unfall) (2)
- Accuracy (2)
- Advanced driver assistance system (2)
- Aufprallschlitten (2)
- Ausrüstung (2)
- Australia (2)
- Australien (2)
- Automatisch (2)
- Automatische Notbremsung (2)
- Autonomous emergency braking (2)
- Behinderter (2)
- Bein (2)
- Beinahe Unfall (2)
- Belastung (2)
- Blutkreislauf (2)
- Body (car) (2)
- Bremsweg (2)
- Bus (2)
- Camera (2)
- Circulation (blood) (2)
- Classification (2)
- Clothing (2)
- Coach (2)
- Compatibility (2)
- Contact (tyre road) (2)
- Cost (2)
- Crash victim (2)
- Crossing the road (2)
- Decision process (2)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (2)
- Depth (2)
- Detection (2)
- Deutschalnd (2)
- Digital image processing (2)
- Digitale Bildverarbeitung (2)
- Disablement (2)
- Dreidimensional (2)
- Driver information (2)
- Driving (veh) (2)
- Edge (2)
- Education (2)
- Eindringung (2)
- Eingabedaten (2)
- Einstellung (psychol) (2)
- Electric bicycle (2)
- Electronic driving aid (2)
- Elektrofahrrad (2)
- Entdeckung (2)
- Entscheidungsprozess (2)
- Equipment (2)
- Ergonomics (2)
- Ergonomie (2)
- Eu (2)
- Fahrbahnüberquerung (2)
- Fahrsimulator (2)
- Fahrzeugführung (2)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (2)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (2)
- Forschungsarbeit (2)
- Geländefahrzeug (2)
- Government (national) (2)
- Griffigkeit (2)
- Harmonisation (2)
- Hazard (2)
- Head restraint (2)
- Highway (2)
- Highway design (2)
- Hinten (2)
- Input data (2)
- International (2)
- Kamera (2)
- Karosserie (2)
- Klassifizierung (2)
- Knee (human) (2)
- Knie (menschl) (2)
- Kompatibilität (2)
- Kontakt Reifen Straße (2)
- Kontrolle (2)
- Kopfstütze (2)
- Kosten (2)
- Langfristig (2)
- Load (2)
- Long term (2)
- Main road (2)
- Medical aspects (2)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (2)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (2)
- Methode der finite Elemente (2)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (2)
- Mobile phone (2)
- Mobiltelefon (2)
- Movement (2)
- Near miss (2)
- Netherlands (2)
- Niederlande (2)
- Output (2)
- Overlapping (2)
- Penetration (2)
- Posture (2)
- Quality (2)
- Qualität (2)
- Reaction (human) (2)
- Reaktionsverhalten (2)
- Rear (2)
- Recording (2)
- Regierung (staat) (2)
- Reisebus (2)
- Restraint system (2)
- Road traffic (2)
- Road user (2)
- Safety fence (2)
- Severity (acid (2)
- Shock (2)
- Simulator (driving) (2)
- Skidding resistance (2)
- Skill (road user) (2)
- Spain (2)
- Spanien (2)
- Specifications (2)
- Sport utility vehicle (2)
- Standardisierung (2)
- Straßenentwurf (2)
- Straßenverkehr (2)
- Surveillance (2)
- Sweden (2)
- Telefon (2)
- Telephone (2)
- Theorie (2)
- Theory (2)
- Three dimensional (2)
- Tiefe (2)
- Time (2)
- Trend (stat) (2)
- Turn (2)
- Unfallopfer (2)
- Unterleib (2)
- Vehicle regulations (2)
- Vorne (2)
- Wet road (2)
- Zeit (2)
- Zeitreihe (stat) (2)
- Überlappung (2)
- Ability (road user) (1)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (1)
- Ablenkung (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Abstandsregeltempomat (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Acceptability (1)
- Accident black spot (1)
- Accident proneness (1)
- Accident severity (1)
- Active safety system; Automatic; Brake; Car; Collision avoidance system; Conference; Driver assistance system; Germany; Impact test (veh); Rear end collision; Severity (accid (1)
- Activity report (1)
- Adaptive cruise controll (1)
- Administration (1)
- Adult (1)
- Aggression (psycho) (1)
- Aggression (psychol) (1)
- Air traffic control (1)
- Airbag (restraint system) (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Analyses (math) (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
- Anthropometry (1)
- Anti locking device (1)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (1)
- Apparatus (measuring) (1)
- Arbeitsgruppe (1)
- Arm (human) (1)
- Arm (menschl) (1)
- Atives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attitude (psychol) (1)
- Audit (1)
- Auffharunfall (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Aufzeichnung (1)
- Aufzeichung (1)
- Autobahn (1)
- Automatic (1)
- Autotür (1)
- Back (human) (1)
- Batterie (1)
- Battery (1)
- Baumusterzulassung (1)
- Bein [menschl] (1)
- Bemessung (1)
- Bepflanzung (1)
- Beschleunigung (1)
- Bevölkerung (1)
- Bewehrung (1)
- Bone (1)
- Braking distance (1)
- Breaking (1)
- Bruch (mech) (1)
- Budget (1)
- Car door (1)
- Carbon dioxide (1)
- Chest (1)
- Cognitive impairment (1)
- Colthing (1)
- Communication (1)
- Comprehension (1)
- Compression (1)
- Computation (1)
- Concentration (chem) (1)
- Conference; Germany; Injury; Medical examination; Spinal column; X ray (1)
- Contact (tyre (1)
- Crashtest (1)
- Cross roads (1)
- Cycle track (1)
- Cycling (1)
- Damping (1)
- Data base (1)
- Data transmission (telecom) (1)
- Datenübertragung (Telekom) (1)
- Datenübertragung (telekom) (1)
- Dauer (1)
- Day (24 hour period) (1)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (1)
- Deformierte Barriere (Anpralltest) (1)
- Density (1)
- Design (overall design) (1)
- Detektion (1)
- Dichte (1)
- Digital computer (1)
- Digitalrechner (1)
- Displacement (1)
- Distribution (gen) (1)
- Driving aid (electronic) (1)
- Dtetection (1)
- Durchsichtigkeit (1)
- Dämpfung (1)
- EU directive (1)
- EU-Richtlinie (1)
- Eigenschaft (1)
- Ejection (1)
- Elastizitätsmodul (1)
- Electric vehicle (1)
- Electronics (1)
- Elektrofahrzeug (1)
- Elektronik (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogram (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emergency medical aid (1)
- Energie (1)
- Energy (1)
- Enforcement (law) (1)
- Entgleisung (Zug) (1)
- Erfahrung (menschl) (1)
- Erwachsener (1)
- Event data recorder (Road vehicle) (1)
- Experience (human) (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Expertensystem (1)
- Expressway (1)
- Face (human) (1)
- Facility (1)
- Fahrerinformationen (1)
- Fahrzeugdach (1)
- Fahrzeugflotte (1)
- Fahrzeugrückhaltesystem (1)
- Fahrzeugteil (Sicherheit) (1)
- Fatigue (human) (1)
- Fear (1)
- Fence (1)
- Feuer (1)
- Financing (1)
- Finanzierung (1)
- Finland (1)
- Finnland (1)
- Fire (1)
- Fleet of vehicles (1)
- Flugsicherung (1)
- Foot (not a measure) (1)
- Form (1)
- Frequency (1)
- Friction (1)
- Fuel tank (1)
- Furcht (1)
- Fuß (1)
- Führerschein Punktesystem (1)
- Genauigkeit (1)
- Geografisches Information System (1)
- Geographical information system (1)
- Geometry (shape) (1)
- Geradeausverkehr (1)
- Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung (1)
- Gesetzesdurchführung (1)
- Gesetzesübertretung (1)
- Gesetzgebung (1)
- Gesicht (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Gewicht (1)
- Harmonisierung (1)
- Health (1)
- Herausschleudern (1)
- Hip (human) (1)
- Homogeneity (1)
- Homogenität (1)
- Hospitsl (1)
- Häufigkeit (1)
- Hüfte (1)
- Illness (1)
- Image analysis (1)
- Image generation (1)
- Impact (collision) (1)
- In situ (1)
- Inertia reel safety belt (1)
- Infotainment System (1)
- Infotainment system (1)
- Installation (1)
- Interactive model (1)
- Interaktives Modell (1)
- Intersection (1)
- Inventar (1)
- Inventory (1)
- Ireland (1)
- Irland (1)
- Italien (1)
- Italy (1)
- Itinerary (1)
- Jahreszeit (1)
- Knochen (1)
- Kognitive Beeinträchtigung (1)
- Kohlendioxid (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Kontakt Reifen-Straße (1)
- Konzentration (1)
- Korea (Süd) (1)
- Korrelation [math (1)
- Kraftstofftank (1)
- Krankheit (1)
- Kreisverkehrsplatz (1)
- Kreuzung (1)
- Körperhaltung (1)
- Körperstellung (1)
- Lap strap (1)
- Lateral (1)
- Lateral collision (1)
- Learning (1)
- Legislation (1)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Allg.) (1)
- Length (1)
- Links (1)
- Länge (1)
- Lärm (1)
- Malaysia (1)
- Massenunfall (1)
- Mathematical Model (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Mean (math) (1)
- Medical examination (1)
- Text (1)
- Messgerät (1)
- Mittelwert (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Model (not math) (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modulus of elasticity (1)
- Montage (1)
- Moped (1)
- Motorisierungsgrad (1)
- Multiple collision (1)
- Müdigkeit (1)
- Nachricht (1)
- Nasse Strasse (1)
- Nasse Straße (1)
- Nigeria (1)
- Noise (1)
- Nordamerika (1)
- Norm (tech) (1)
- North America (1)
- Norway (1)
- Norwegen (1)
- Notfall (1)
- Nummer (1)
- Nutzwertanalyse (1)
- Offence (1)
- Official approval (1)
- Offset impact test (1)
- On the left (1)
- On the right (1)
- On the spot investigation (1)
- Organisation (1)
- Organization (association) (1)
- Overturning (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- Padding (safety) (1)
- Partnerschaft (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Perception (1)
- Personal (1)
- Personnel (1)
- Pfosten (1)
- Planning (1)
- Planung (1)
- Point demerit system (1)
- Pole (1)
- Police (1)
- Polizei (1)
- Population (1)
- Portable (1)
- Position (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Properties (1)
- Protective helmet (1)
- Prototyp (1)
- Prototype (1)
- Pssives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- Psychological aspects (1)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (1)
- Public transport (1)
- QAccident (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Quality management system (1)
- Qualitätsmanagementsystem (1)
- Qualitätssicherung (1)
- Radfahren (1)
- Radweg (1)
- Rail bound transport (1)
- Rail traffic (1)
- Rechts (1)
- Reconstruction [accid] (1)
- Reduction (decrease) (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Rehabilitation (road user) (1)
- Reibung (1)
- Reifen (1)
- Reifenprofil (1)
- Reinforcement (in mater) (1)
- Reiseweg (1)
- Republic of Corea (1)
- Research project (1)
- Research projekt (1)
- Residential area (1)
- Resuscitation (1)
- Reversing (veh) (1)
- Rib (1)
- Richtlinie (1)
- Richtlinien (1)
- Risk taking (1)
- Road network (1)
- Road transport (1)
- Roll over (veh) (1)
- Roof (veh) (1)
- Rotation (1)
- Roundabout (1)
- Rsk (1)
- Rupture (1)
- Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- Rücken (1)
- Rücksichtslosigkeit (1)
- Rückwärtsfahren (1)
- Safety harness (1)
- Safety system (1)
- Saftey (1)
- Sauerstoff (1)
- Schienentransport (1)
- Schienenverkehr (1)
- Schlag (1)
- Schleudertrauma (1)
- Schwangerschaft (1)
- Schweiz (1)
- Schweregrad (UNfall (1)
- Schätzung (1)
- Season (1)
- Seat (1)
- Seat belt (1)
- Seat harness (1)
- Severity (accid, injuy) (1)
- Sicherheitspolsterung (1)
- Side (1)
- Significance (1)
- Signifikanz (1)
- Specification (standard) (1)
- Speed limit (1)
- Speed) (1)
- Spinal calum (1)
- Sri Lanka (1)
- Stadt (1)
- Stahl (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Statistik (math) (1)
- Steel (1)
- Stochastic process (1)
- Stochastischer Prozess (1)
- Stopping distance (1)
- Straight ahead (traffic) (1)
- Strasse (1)
- Straße (1)
- Straßennetz (1)
- Straßentransport (1)
- Switzerland (1)
- Tag (24 Stunden) (1)
- Technische Vorschriften (1)
- Technische Vorschriften (Kraftfahrzeug) (1)
- Tension (1)
- Thailand (1)
- Traffic (1)
- Traffic restraint (1)
- Tragbar (1)
- Transparent (1)
- Transport infrastructure (1)
- Transport operator (1)
- Transportunternehmen (1)
- Traveler (1)
- Two dimensional (1)
- Tyre (1)
- Tyre tread (1)
- Tätigkeitsbericht (1)
- Underride prevention (1)
- Unfallfolgephase (1)
- Unfallneigung (1)
- Unfallrate (1)
- Unfallrekonsruktion (1)
- Unfallschwerpunkt (1)
- Unfallverhütug (1)
- Ungeschützter Verkehrsteilnehmer (1)
- Unterfahrschutz (1)
- Untersuchung am Umfallort (1)
- Urban area (1)
- Usa (1)
- Value analysis (1)
- Variance analysis (1)
- Varianzanalyse (1)
- Vegetation (1)
- Vehicle ownership (1)
- Vehicle restraint system (1)
- Vehicle safety device (1)
- Veletzung) (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreichl (1)
- Verfahen (1)
- Verkehr (1)
- Verkehrsbeschränkung (1)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (1)
- Vermeidung (1)
- Verständnis (1)
- Verteilung (allg) (1)
- Verwaltung (1)
- Visualisation (1)
- Visualisierung (1)
- Vulnerable road user (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Water (1)
- Weather (1)
- Weight (1)
- Whiplash injury (1)
- Window (veh) (1)
- Windschutzscheibe (1)
- Witterung (1)
- Wohngebiet (1)
- Women (1)
- Working group (1)
- Zahl (1)
- Zug (mech) (1)
- Zusammendrückung (1)
- Zweidimensional (1)
- accident (1)
- aktives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- analyses (math) (1)
- ar (1)
- efficiency (1)
- fatality (1)
- finite element method (1)
- head (1)
- road) (1)
- simulation (1)
- stat] (1)
- tödlicher Unfall (1)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (1)
Institut
Among European Countries, Spain first issued a Standard, UNE 135900:2005, further updated in 2008, that deals with homologation and effectiveness evaluation of road restraint systems components designed to reduce harm for bikers impacting on them. An in depth analysis and critical review of this standard is reported in this paper. Beside a close examination of the standard requirements, numerical models of the crash test stated by the standard have been set up and simulated to study the effects of slight speed and approach angle variations on test results, remaining within tolerance gaps allowed by the standard. Model were validated against experimental data. Together with the expected increasing severity of the impact according with speed, a strong influence of approach angle on injury parameters was found. Possible improvements to the norm, in order to make it more robust, are suggested.
Event Data Recorder (EDR) is an additional function installed in airbag control module (ACM) to record vehicle and occupant information for a brief period of time before, during, and after a crash event. EDRs are now being installed in ACMs by several automakers in the USA and in Japan. The aim of this study is to understand the performance of EDRs for the improvement of accident reconstruction with more reliable information. In the first report of the study, data obtained from EDRs of seven vehicle types were evaluated using 2006-2007 J-NCAP (Japanese new car assessment program) full-lap frontal barrier crash tests and offset frontal deformable barrier crash tests data. For more practical standpoint, we conducted thirteen crash tests reconstructing typical real-world accidents such as single vehicle accidents with barriers or poles, car to car accidents and multi rear-end collisions focusing on Japanese typical accident types. Data obtained from EDRs are compared with data obtained from optical speed sensor, instrumented accelerometers and high speed video cameras. The velocities determined from pre-crash data of EDRs and the maximum change in velocity, delta-V, and delta-V time history data obtained from post-crash data of EDRs are analyzed. The results are as follows: - Pre-crash velocities of EDRs were very accurate and reliable. An average difference between the EDR recording values and reference speeds was 4.2% and a root mean square of the differences was 9.2%. Only two cases resulted large differences for the pre-crash velocity. Both of them were cases with braking prior to the collision. However, another test with braking resulted less difference. The braking condition may influence accuracy of pre-crash velocities. - Maximum delta-Vs obtained from the EDRs showed uncertainty of measurement in several cases in comparisons with the reliable delta-V data. The differences in maximum delta-V were more than 10% in five of twenty-five events data and more than 20% in two of twenty-five events data. An average of the all differences was about 4% and root mean square of the differences was about 11%. Especially large deformation at narrow area may influence accuracy of post-crash delta-V. - Multiple rear-end crash tests were reconstructed using EDRs data as case studies. Some EDRs recorded two events and a time gap between two events, so that these reconstruction case studies were very accurate and reliable. - If though only one of three vehicles in multiple rear end crash was equipped EDR, overview and velocities of all cars may be reconstructed using these limited EDR data. In this case study, leading car- EDR data and middle car- EDR data were valuable. However if only following car was equipped EDR, the reconstruction was not accurate
The advent of active safety systems calls for the development of appropriate testing methods. These methods aim to assess the effectivity of active safety systems based on criteria such as their capability to avoid accidents or lower impact speeds and thus mitigate the injury severity. For prospective effectivity studies, simulation becomes an important tool that needs valid models not only to simulate driving dynamics and safety systems, but also to resolve the collision mechanics. This paper presents an impact model which is based on solving momentum conservation equations and uses it in an effectivity study of a generic collision mitigation system in reconstructed real accidents at junctions. The model assumes an infinitely short crash duration and computes output parameters such as post-crash velocities, delta-v, force directions, etc. and is applicable for all impact collision configurations such as oblique, excentric collisions. Requiring only very little computational effort, the model is especially useful for effectivity studies where large numbers of simulations are necessary. Validation of the model is done by comparison with results from the widely used reconstruction software PC-Crash. Vehicles involved in the accidents are virtually equipped with a collision mitigation system for junctions using the software X-RATE, and the simulations (referred to as system simulations) are started sufficiently early before the collision occurred. In order to assess the effectivity, the real accident (referred to as baseline) is compared with the system simulations by computing the reduction of the impact speeds and delta-v.
Many safety-relevant tasks in control or diagnostics require binary choices such as "conflict versus separation" in air traffic control, "normal versus pathological" when interpreting x-ray pictures, or "permitted versus forbidden" when inspecting airport security scans. Deciders often are uncertain, but nevertheless required to decide between two alternatives, that is, they have not only to decide upon an action, but also about the admissible level of uncertainty. If the accepted level of judgment certainty is not taken into account, the sequence of decisions does not capture the full picture of the underlying decision process. Differences in judgment certainty are relevant, because they reflect not only the adequacy of the human-machine interface that is evaluated, but also the differences in expertise of the decider and the requirements of the actual situation or task. Therefore, capturing both judgment certainty and discrimination performance is essential. A comparison of different human-machine-interfaces (for air traffic control) is used to illustrate a methodological approach, which allows for integrated analyses of decision processes based on receiver-operator-characteristics and practical guidelines for the evaluation of human-machine-interfaces for safety-relevant operation procedures are provided.
This paper will outline ETSC's contribution to the European Union's road safety policy 2011-2020. It will present some of the main recommendations from ETSC's Blueprint for the 4th Road Safety Action Programme and will introduce the response to the European Commission's Road Safety Policy Orientations 2011-2020 (published July 2010). The second framework document presented is the Transport White Paper (published March 2011). The paper will focus on new targets and the new vision set for Europe's Road Safety policy picking out some issues in particular such as traffic law enforcement and the protection of vulnerable road users. It will argue that by reinforcing the current Road Safety Policy Orientations, the EU will be better placed to reach its new ambitious goal of halving road deaths by 2020 and the longer term zero casualty vision.
Estimation of the benefits for the UK for potential options to modify UNECE Regulation No. 95
(2010)
The side impact problem in Europe remains substantial. UK data shows that between 22% and 26% of car occupant casualties are involved in a side impact, but this rises to between 29% and 38% for those who are fatally injured. This indicates the more injurious nature of side impacts compared with frontal impacts. The European Enhanced Vehicle safety Committee (EEVC) has performed work to address the side impact issue since 1979. As part of its continuing work, it has recently investigated potential options for regulatory changes to improve side impact protection in cars further. To support this work the UK undertook an analysis to estimate the benefit for potential options to modify UNECE Regulation 95. The analysis used the UK national STATS19 and detailed Co-operative Crash Injury Study (CCIS) accident databases. Of the potential options reviewed, it was found that the addition of a pole test offered the greatest benefit.
Although the number of road accident casualties in Europe (EU27) is falling the problem still remains substantial. In 2011 there were still over 30,000 road accident fatalities. Approximately half of these were car occupants and about 60 percent of these occurred in frontal impacts. The next stage to improve a car's safety performance in frontal impacts is to improve its compatibility. The objective of the FIMCAR FP7 EU-project was to develop an assessment approach suitable for regulatory application to control a car's frontal impact and compatibility crash performance and perform an associated cost benefit analysis for its implementation. This paper reports the cost benefit analyses performed to estimate the effect of the following potential changes to the frontal impact regulation: • Option 1 " No change and allow current measures to propagate throughout the vehicle fleet. • Option 2 " Add a full width test to the current offset Deformable Barrier (ODB) test. • Option 3 " Add a full width test and replace the current ODB test with a Progressive Deformable Barrier (PDB) test. For the analyses national data were used from Great Britain (STATS 19) and from Germany (German Federal Statistical Office). In addition in-depth real word crash data were used from CCIS (Great Britain) and GIDAS (Germany). To estimate the benefit a generalised linear model, an injury reduction model and a matched pairs modelling approach were applied. The benefits were estimated to be: for Option 1 "No change" about 2.0%; for Option 2 "FW test" ranging from 5 to 12% and for Option 3 "FW and PDB tests" 9 to 14% of car occupant killed and seriously injured casualties.
Although the annual traffic accident statistics published by the national police is available in public, the detailed traffic accident data has not been released in Korea. Recently the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport recognized the importance of in-depth accident data to enhance road traffic safety and initiated a research project to establish a collection of the detailed accident data. The main objective of the project is a feasibility study to establish KIDAS (Korea In-Depth Accident Study). Within this project, three university hospitals which are located in mid-size cities have been selected to collect accident data. Annually, more than 500 cases of accidents have been collected from the in-patient's interviews and diagnosis. Unlike GIDAS (German In-Depth Accident Study), currently on-site investigation can"t be performed by the Korean police. The only available data is patient medical records, patient's description of accident circumstances and the damaged vehicle. Occasionally the police provide the accident investigation reports containing very brief information on accident causation and vehicle safety. In a first step, the concept of KIDAS is to adopt the format of iGLAD (Initiative for the Global Harmonization of Accident Data) for harmonization. Since the currently collected accident information is extremely limited compared with GIDAS, the other sources of data and calculations such as KNCAP vehicle data, pc-crash simulations, vehicle registration information, insurance company data are utilized to complete the iGLAD template. Results from KIDAS_iGLAD and the cases of assessment of active safety devices such as AEBS, ESC, and LDWS will be evaluated.
The need for improved EU level accident information and data was identified in the EU White Paper on Transport Policy (2001)1 and detailed in the Road Safety Action Plan (2003)2. The plan specifies that the EC will develop a road safety observatory to coordinate data collection within an integrated framework.
A change emerges in hospital landscape due to health political measures, which in consequence also influences the pre-clinical medical care of emergencies. The main focus of this study was to gather information about emergency medical care after traffic accidents on the basis of data of Bavarian emergency medical services. In Bavaria, in 2006 it was necessary to call an emergency doctor in the case of 14.261 traffic accidents. Predominantly the patients were provided by land-based life saving appliances, air rescue services were only applied in 19.1 % of the cases. 47.6 % of patients being involved in a traffic accident were transported into a primary health care hospital. A prehospital interval of more than 60 minutes was calculated in 20 % of emergency care. 96.2 % of the patients were transported to hospitals of tertiary or maximum supply by air rescue services. The life saving appliances" readiness for action is however restricted to daylight. A further limitation appeared for routine office hours in hospitals: Only 36.7 % of accidents occurred in this time frame. An increase of hospitalizations in clinics of maximum supply appeared from 2002 until 2006 while simultaneously the prehospital period was extended. To assure a sufficient medical care of seriously injured persons further on, a fulltime and area-wide expostulation of efficient facilities is necessary. For this purpose it is necessary to establish regional trauma networks as well as emergency medical service at night time. Beyond that, a cost efficient compensation of the structural, personnel and logistic expenses has to be assured.