91 Fahrzeugkonstruktion
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (164) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (100)
- Konferenz (97)
- Germany (53)
- Deutschland (52)
- Accident (48)
- Unfall (48)
- Safety (44)
- Sicherheit (44)
- Fahrzeug (38)
- Vehicle (36)
- Simulation (34)
- Anfahrversuch (33)
- Bewertung (33)
- Evaluation (assessment) (33)
- Active safety system (31)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (30)
- Fußgänger (30)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (30)
- Pedestrian (30)
- Impact test (veh) (28)
- Test method (27)
- Collision (26)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (26)
- Injury (26)
- Passive safety system (26)
- Prüfverfahren (26)
- Verletzung (26)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (25)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (25)
- Severity (accid, injury) (24)
- Analyse (math) (23)
- Car (23)
- Zusammenstoß (23)
- Analysis (math) (22)
- Driver assistance system (22)
- Accident prevention (21)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (20)
- Unfallverhütung (20)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (19)
- Verletzung) (19)
- injury) (19)
- Efficiency (18)
- Head on collision (18)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (18)
- Severity (accid (18)
- Anthropometric dummy (17)
- Reconstruction (accid) (17)
- Versuch (17)
- Datenbank (16)
- Dummy (16)
- Test (16)
- Driver (14)
- Pkw (14)
- Europa (13)
- Europe (13)
- Fahrer (13)
- Radfahrer (13)
- Child (12)
- Data bank (12)
- Insasse (12)
- Kind (12)
- Statistics (12)
- Cyclist (11)
- On the spot accident investigation (11)
- Prevention (11)
- Statistik (11)
- Antikollisionssystem (10)
- Biomechanics (10)
- Biomechanik (10)
- Collision avoidance system (10)
- Improvement (10)
- Vehicle occupant (10)
- Verbesserung (10)
- Autonomes Fahren (9)
- Autonomous driving (9)
- Development (9)
- Entwicklung (9)
- Forschungsarbeit (9)
- Research project (9)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (9)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (9)
- Vehicle regulations (9)
- Accident reconstruction (8)
- Auffahrunfall (8)
- Automatisch (8)
- International (8)
- Kompatibilität (8)
- Lorry (8)
- Method (8)
- Side impact (8)
- Standardisierung (8)
- Technische Vorschriften (Kraftfahrzeug) (8)
- Verfahren (8)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (8)
- Automatic (7)
- Compatibility (7)
- Cost benefit analysis (7)
- Datenerfassung (7)
- Fahrzeugsitz (7)
- Fehler (7)
- Geschwindigkeit (7)
- Head (7)
- Kopf (7)
- PKW (7)
- Rear end collision (7)
- Risiko (7)
- Sicherheitsgurt (7)
- Speed (7)
- Verhütung (7)
- Verminderung (7)
- Alte Leute (6)
- Bemessung (6)
- Benutzung (6)
- Braking (6)
- Bremsung (6)
- Cause (6)
- Data acquisition (6)
- Decrease (6)
- Deformation (6)
- Design (overall design) (6)
- Error (6)
- Fahrstabilität (6)
- Fatality (6)
- Interior (veh) (6)
- Knee (human) (6)
- Lkw (6)
- Mathematical model (6)
- Motorrad (6)
- Official approval (6)
- Rechenmodell (6)
- Risk (6)
- Road user (6)
- Safety belt (6)
- Seat (veh) (6)
- Standardization (6)
- Tödlicher Unfall (6)
- Ursache (6)
- Use (6)
- Vehicle handling (6)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (6)
- Überschlagen (6)
- Airbag (5)
- Aufprallschlitten (5)
- Body (car) (5)
- Brustkorb (5)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (5)
- EU (5)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (5)
- Gesetzgebung (5)
- Impact sled (5)
- Impact test (5)
- Interview (5)
- Karosserie (5)
- Legislation (5)
- Motorcycle (5)
- Old people (5)
- Policy (5)
- Politik (5)
- Prognose (5)
- Sensor (5)
- Technologie (5)
- Technology (5)
- Thorax (5)
- Verformung (5)
- Behaviour (4)
- Bremse (4)
- Cervical vertebrae (4)
- Database (4)
- Detection (4)
- Digital model (4)
- Driver information (4)
- Electronic stability program (4)
- Fahrzeugführung (4)
- Halswirbel (4)
- Japan (4)
- Knie (menschl) (4)
- Modification (4)
- Motorcyclist (4)
- Motorradfahrer (4)
- Numerisches Modell (4)
- Overturning (veh) (4)
- Reproducibility (4)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (4)
- Verhalten (4)
- Accident rate (3)
- Advanced driver assistance system (3)
- Air bag (restraint system) (3)
- Attitude (psychol) (3)
- Ausrüstung (3)
- Autonomes Fahrzeug (3)
- Autonomous vehicle (3)
- Baumusterzulassung (3)
- Bein (menschl) (3)
- Belastung (3)
- Berechnung (3)
- Brake (3)
- Bus (3)
- Correlation (math, stat) (3)
- Crashtest (3)
- Damage (3)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (3)
- Delivery vehicle (3)
- Detektion (3)
- Driver training (3)
- Driving (veh) (3)
- Einstellung (psychol) (3)
- Electric vehicle (3)
- Elektrofahrzeug (3)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (3)
- Equipment (3)
- Fahranfänger (3)
- Fahrausbildung (3)
- Forecast (3)
- Front (3)
- Gewicht (3)
- Head restraint (3)
- Human body (3)
- Impact study (3)
- Intelligent transport system (3)
- Knotenpunkt (3)
- Kopfstütze (3)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (3)
- Leg (human) (3)
- Lenken (Fahrzeug) (3)
- Load (3)
- Menschlicher Körper (3)
- Recently qualified driver (3)
- Sachschaden (3)
- Sichtbarkeit (3)
- Steering (process) (3)
- Steifigkeit (3)
- Stiffness (3)
- Straßenverkehr (3)
- Traffic (3)
- USA (3)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (3)
- United Kingdom (3)
- Unterfahrschutz (3)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (3)
- Verkehr (3)
- Veränderung (3)
- Sichtbarkeit (3)
- Warning (3)
- Warnung (3)
- Weight (3)
- Abdomen (2)
- Active safety (2)
- Adolescent (2)
- Age (2)
- Aktive Sicherheit (2)
- Alter (2)
- Anti locking device (2)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (2)
- Arbeitsgruppe (2)
- Automatische Notbremsung (2)
- Autonomous emergency braking (2)
- Bicyclist (2)
- Bremsweg (2)
- Calculation (2)
- Classification (2)
- Coach (2)
- Data security (2)
- Datensicherheit (2)
- Dynamics (2)
- Dynamik (2)
- Effectiveness (2)
- Electronic driving aid (2)
- Elektronische Fahrhilfe (2)
- Empfindlichkeit (2)
- Entdeckung (2)
- Erste Hilfe (2)
- Estimation (2)
- Fahrdatenschreiber (2)
- Fahrerinformation (2)
- Feuer (2)
- Fire (2)
- First aid (2)
- Form (2)
- France (2)
- Frankreich (2)
- Frau (2)
- Headlamp (2)
- Highway traffic (2)
- Hinten (2)
- Individueller Verkehr (2)
- Information (2)
- Intelligentes Transportsystem (2)
- Intersection (2)
- Jugendlicher (2)
- Kamera (2)
- Klassifizierung (2)
- Knie (2)
- Kontrolle (2)
- Kraftfahrzeug (2)
- LKW (2)
- Landstraße (2)
- Lieferfahrzeug (2)
- Location (2)
- Measurement (2)
- Messung (2)
- Nacht (2)
- Night (2)
- Norm (tech) (2)
- Occupant (veh) (2)
- Ort (Position) (2)
- Passenger (2)
- Perception (2)
- Post crash (2)
- Private transport (2)
- Prototyp (2)
- Prototype (2)
- Rear (2)
- Regression analysis (2)
- Regressionsanalyse (2)
- Reifen (2)
- Reisebus (2)
- Restraint system (2)
- Richtlinien (2)
- Risikobewertung (2)
- Risk assessment (2)
- Road network (2)
- Rural road (2)
- Sample (mater) (2)
- Scheinwerfer (2)
- Schutz (2)
- Schweden (2)
- Seite (2)
- Sensitivity (2)
- Side (2)
- Spain (2)
- Spanien (2)
- Specification (standard) (2)
- Specifications (2)
- Spinal column (2)
- Straßennetz (2)
- Surveillance (2)
- Technische Vorschriften (2)
- Tyre (2)
- Underride protection (2)
- Unfallverhuetung (2)
- Unterleib (2)
- Untersuchung am unfallort (2)
- Vorn (2)
- Wahrnehmung (2)
- Windschutzscheibe (2)
- Wirbelsäule (2)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (2)
- Working group (2)
- Zulassung (tech) (2)
- Zusammenstoss (2)
- Ablenkung (psychol) (1)
- Abstandsregeltempomat (1)
- Accident data (1)
- Accompanied driving (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Active safety system; Automatic; Brake; Car; Collision avoidance system; Conference; Driver assistance system; Germany; Impact test (veh); Rear end collision; Severity (accid (1)
- Activity report (1)
- Adaptive cruise control (1)
- Administration (1)
- Adult (1)
- Advanced vehicle control systems (1)
- Aged people (1)
- Airbag (restraint system) (1)
- Angle (1)
- Antikollisisonssystem (1)
- Apparatus (measurement) (1)
- Atives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- Attention (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Aufzeichung (1)
- Austria (1)
- Autobahn (1)
- Battery (1)
- Bau (1)
- Befreiung (Bergung) (1)
- Begleitetes Fahren (1)
- Benefit cost analysis (1)
- Bewehrung (1)
- Bicycle (1)
- Bildschirm (1)
- Blickfeld (1)
- Blind spot (veh) (1)
- Braking distance (1)
- Bruch (mech) (1)
- Budget (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Camera (1)
- Chassis (1)
- Clothing (1)
- Collision test (veh) (1)
- Comfort (1)
- Communication (1)
- Compatiblity (1)
- Components of the vehicle (1)
- Compression (1)
- Computation (1)
- Construction (1)
- Contact (tyre (1)
- Cooperative intelligent transport system (1)
- Crash Test (1)
- Crash helmet (1)
- Crash test (1)
- Cross roads (1)
- Crossing the road (pedestrian) (1)
- Customer (1)
- Damping (1)
- Data collection (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Data transmission (1)
- Datenverarbeitung (1)
- Datenübertragung (telekom) (1)
- Dauer (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- Daylight (1)
- Deformable barrier (Impact test) (1)
- Deformable barrier system (impact test) (1)
- Dehnungsmessstreifen (1)
- Demand (econ) (1)
- Demographie (1)
- Deutschland ; Konferenz (1)
- Diesel engine (1)
- Dieselmotor (1)
- Digital computer (1)
- Digitalrechner (1)
- Displacement (1)
- Distraction (1)
- Driver experience (1)
- Driving (1)
- Driving aid (electronic) (1)
- Dtetection (1)
- Durability (1)
- Dynamo (1)
- Dämpfung (1)
- EU directive (1)
- EU-Richtlinie (1)
- Echtzeit (1)
- Education (1)
- Eichung (1)
- Eigenschaft (1)
- Eins (1)
- Ejection (1)
- Electric bicycle (1)
- Elektrofahrrad (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogram (1)
- Emission control (1)
- Emissionskontrolle (1)
- Engine capacity (1)
- Environment protection (1)
- Ergonomics (1)
- Erwachsener (1)
- Erziehung (1)
- Eu (1)
- European New Car Assessment Programme (1)
- European Union (1)
- Event data recorder (Road vehicle) (1)
- Event data recorder (road vehicle) (1)
- Extrication (1)
- Fahrbahnüberquerung (1)
- Fahrer ; Fahrerassistenzsystem (1)
- Fahrerinformationen (1)
- Fahrleistung (1)
- Fahrrad (1)
- Fahrsimulator (1)
- Fahrstreifen (1)
- Fahrstreifenwechsel (1)
- Fahrwerk (1)
- Fahrzeugbeleuchtung (1)
- Fahrzeugdach (1)
- Fahrzeugflotte (1)
- Fahrzeugteil (Sicherheit) (1)
- Fahrzeugteile (1)
- Failure (1)
- Field of vision (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Fleet of vehicles (1)
- Future transport mode (1)
- Geometry (shape) (1)
- Gesetzesdurchführung (1)
- Gestaltung (1)
- Government (national) (1)
- Grenzwert (1)
- Harmonisation (1)
- Harmonisierung (1)
- Harmonization (1)
- Hazard (1)
- Head (human) (1)
- Height (1)
- Herausschleudern (1)
- Highway (1)
- Homogeneity (1)
- Homogenität (1)
- Hubraum (1)
- Human machine interface (1)
- Höhe (1)
- Hüfte (menschl) (1)
- In Bewegung (1)
- Inertia reel safety belt (1)
- Information documentation (1)
- Information management (1)
- Injury) (1)
- Installation (1)
- Intelligentes Verkehrssystem (1)
- Interactive model (1)
- Interaktives Modell (1)
- Itinerary (1)
- Junction (1)
- Kleidung (1)
- Kleintransporter (1)
- Komfort (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Kompatiblität (1)
- Kontakt Reifen Straße (1)
- Kooperatives System (ITS) (1)
- Kopf (menschl) (1)
- Kreuzung (1)
- Kunde (1)
- Kunststoff (1)
- Lane changing (1)
- Lap strap (1)
- Lateral collision (1)
- Law enforcement (1)
- Layout (1)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Allg.) (1)
- Leuchtdichte (1)
- Limit (1)
- Luminance (1)
- Market (1)
- Markt (1)
- Massenunfall (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Mensch Maschine Schnittstelle (1)
- Mensch Maschine Verhältnis (1)
- Messgerät (1)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Model (not math) (1)
- Modell (1)
- Montage (1)
- Moped (1)
- Motorway (1)
- Moving (1)
- Multiple collision (1)
- Nachfrage (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nasse Straße (1)
- Naturalistic Driving (1)
- Naturalistic driving (1)
- Nigeria (1)
- On the scene accident investigation (1)
- One (1)
- Organisation (1)
- Organization (1)
- Output (1)
- Overlapping (1)
- Overturning (1)
- Passive restraint system (1)
- Pelvis (1)
- Pfahl (1)
- Pile (1)
- Plastic material (1)
- Police (1)
- Polizei (1)
- Population (1)
- Portugal (1)
- Probability (1)
- Probe (1)
- Properties (1)
- Prüefverfahren (1)
- Prüfkörper (1)
- Public transport (1)
- Quality (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Qualität (1)
- Qualitätssicherung (1)
- Radar (1)
- Radio (1)
- Reaction (human) (1)
- Reaktionsverhalten (1)
- Real time (1)
- Rear view mirror (1)
- Recording (1)
- Reduction (decrease) (1)
- Reflectorized material (1)
- Reflexstoffe (1)
- Regierung (staat) (1)
- Reifenprofil (1)
- Reinforcement (in mater) (1)
- Reiseweg (1)
- Rippe (menschl) (1)
- Road (1)
- Road traffic (1)
- Robot (1)
- Roboter (1)
- Roll over (veh) (1)
- Roof (veh) (1)
- Rotation (1)
- Route guidance (1)
- Rundfunk (1)
- Rückspiegel (1)
- Safety harness (1)
- Safety system (1)
- Schlag (1)
- Schleudertrauma (1)
- Schulter (1)
- Schutzhelm (1)
- Schweregrad /Unfall (1)
- Seat (1)
- Seat belt (1)
- Seat harness (1)
- Severity (accid, injuy) (1)
- Shape (1)
- Shock (1)
- Shoulder (human) (1)
- Simulator (driving) (1)
- Social factors (1)
- Soziale Faktoren (1)
- Stadardization (1)
- Stadt (1)
- Stand der Technik (Bericht) (1)
- State of the art report (1)
- Stochastic process (1)
- Stochastischer Prozess (1)
- Stopping distance (1)
- Strain gauge (1)
- Straße (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sweden (1)
- Tageslicht (1)
- Teenage driver (1)
- Telecommunication (1)
- Telefon (1)
- Telekommunikation (1)
- Telephone (1)
- Tension (1)
- Tests (1)
- Time (1)
- Toter Winkel (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxizität (1)
- Traffic control (1)
- Traffic lanes (1)
- Train (1)
- Transport infrastructure (1)
- Tunnel (1)
- Typenzulassung (1)
- Tyre tread (1)
- Tätigkeitsbericht (1)
- Umweltschutz (1)
- Underride prevention (1)
- Unfalldaten (1)
- Unfallfolgemaßnahme (1)
- Unfallfolgephase (1)
- Unfallverhütug (1)
- United kingdom (1)
- Untersuchung am Umfallort (1)
- Urban area (1)
- Usa (1)
- Vehicle Regulations (1)
- Vehicle lighting (1)
- Vehicle mile (1)
- Vehicle safety (1)
- Vehicle safety device (1)
- Veraenderung (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreichl (1)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (1)
- Verkehrssteuerung (1)
- Vermeidung (1)
- Verschiebung (1)
- Versuchspuppe (1)
- Verwaltung (1)
- Video camera (1)
- Visual display (1)
- Vorne (1)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (1)
- Wet road (1)
- Whiplash injury (1)
- Window (veh) (1)
- Windscreen (veh) (1)
- Winkel (1)
- Wirkungsanalyse (1)
- Woman (1)
- Women (1)
- Zeit (1)
- Zielführungssystem (1)
- Zug (Eisenbahn) (1)
- Zug (mech) (1)
- Zukünftiges Verkehrsmittel (1)
- Zusammendrückung (1)
- ZusammenstoÃüï-¿-½Ãƒ-¯Ã‚-¿Ã‚-½ (1)
- efficiency (1)
- head (1)
- road) (1)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (1)
- Österreich (1)
- Überdeckung (1)
Institut
Neue Herausforderungen an die Unfallforschung durch Fahrerassistenz und automatisiertes Fahren
(2019)
Unfallrekonstruktion hat die Ableitung von Maßnahmen zur Minimierung der Unfallfolgen ermöglicht, vor allem durch Verbesserungen bei passiven Sicherheitseinrichtungen, aber auch durch die Verbesserung der Rettungskette, beispielsweise eCall. Heute können aktive Sicherheitssysteme die Unfallfolgen bereits vor der eigentlichen Kollision reduzieren oder durch Umfeldwahrnehmung und mittels Eingriff in die Fahrzeugsteuerung gegebenenfalls sogar vollständig verhindern. Funktionen, die aktiv in die Fahrzeugsteuerung eingreifen, lassen sich nach ihrer Wirkweise unterscheiden: zum einen handelt es sich um kontinuierlich automatisierende Funktionen, die meist länger aktiv bleiben (zum Beispiel ACC). Zum anderen um Funktionen, die in kritischen Fahrsituationen temporär in die Fahrzeugsteuerung eingreifen. Aufgezeigt wird, welche Konsequenzen und Risiken in Bezug auf diese Systeme sowie für bestimmte (zum Beispiel kritikale) Fahrsituationen anzunehmen sind. Zur Bewertung von aktiven Reglern, die in kritischen Fahrsituationen eingreifen, sind Unfalldaten nur noch eingeschränkt tauglich. Ähnliches gilt für die Bewertung von Ereignissen/ Zuständen im Rahmen kontinuierlicher Fahrzeugsteuerung, vor allem, wenn diese weiter vorausliegen. Wirkzusammenhänge automatisierter Fahrfunktionen müssen jedoch - gerade für den Mischverkehr mit konventionell gesteuerten Fahrzeugen - identifiziert werden. Dafür wird eine Szenariendatenbank mit relevanten Verkehrssituationen benötigt, in die Daten aus Naturalistic Driving Studies (NDS), aus Fahrversuchen oder Versuchen im Fahrsimulator eingehen können. Die zunehmende Durchdringung der Fahrzeugflotte mit kontinuierlich automatisierten Fahrfunktionen lässt eine Abnahme kritischer Fahrsituationen und eine Reduktion der Zahl der Verkehrsopfer erwarten. Allerdings verbleibt eine Restzahl an systemimmanenten Unfällen, die als unvermeidbar gelten müssen.
In 2016 the seventh ESAR conference (Expert Symposium on Accident Research) was held in Hannover. ESAR is an international convention of experts, who analyze traffic accidents all over the world and discuss their results in this context, conducted at the Medizinische Hochschule Hannover every 2 years. It connected representatives of public authorities, engineers in automotive development and scientists and offers a forum with particular emphasis on In-Depth-Analyses of accident statistics and accident analyses. Special focus is placed on research on the basis of so-called "In-Depth-Accident-Investigations" [data collections at the sites of the accidents], which are characterized by extensive documentations of the sites of the accidents, of the vehicles as well as of the injuries, encompassing several scientific fields. ESAR aims at a multi-disciplinary compilation of scientific results and at discussing them on an international, scientific level. It is thus a scientific colloquium and a platform for exchanging information for all accident researchers. Experiences in accident prevention as well as in the complex field of accident reconstruction are stated and new research fields are added. Existing results of long-term research work in Europe, the US, Australia and Japan include different infrastructural correlations and give findings on population, vehicle population and driver characteristics, which offer a basis for recommendations to be derived and measures for increasing road safety.
Automatische Lenkfunktionen sind abgesehen von korrigierenden Lenkeingriffen entsprechend der UN-Regelung Nr. 79 bisher nur in einem Geschwindigkeitsbereich bis 10 km/h erlaubt. Die Weiterentwicklung der Technik im Bereich der Fahrerassistenzsysteme und der Automatisierung der Fahraufgabe wuerden es jedoch technisch erlauben, automatische Lenkfunktionen auch bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten einzusetzen. Neben einem Zugewinn an Komfort wird von diesen Systemen auch ein Beitrag zur Erhöhung der Verkehrssicherheit erwartet. Dieses Verkehrssicherheitspotenzial wird man jedoch nur ausschöpfen können, wenn die automatisierten Lenksysteme entsprechend gestaltet sind. Insbesondere sollten mögliche Risiken auf Grund automatischen Lenkens minimiert sein. Aus diesen Gründen laufen derzeit Arbeiten auf UNECE-Ebene, die Regelung Nr. 79 über einheitliche Bedingungen für die Genehmigung der Fahrzeuge hinsichtlich der Lenkanlage in Bezug auf automatische Lenkfunktionen (ACSF = Automatically Commanded Steering Functions) zu überarbeiten, um diese unter bestimmten Bedingungen auch bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten genehmigen zu können. Der vorliegende Beitrag reflektiert diese Arbeiten und stellt die Entwicklung der technischen Anforderungen an automatisches Lenken und der für die fahrzeugtechnischen Vorschriften vorgesehenen Testprozeduren dar.
Die Kommunikation zwischen Fahrzeugen und Infrastrukturkomponenten steht vor der Einführung in Europa. Dieser Beitrag stellt zunächst die grundlegende Technologie zum Austausch von Nachrichten und ein Pilotprojekt vor, innerhalb dessen eine sichere Fahrzeug-zu-Infrastruktur Kommunikation konzipiert und praktisch erprobt wird. Darauf aufbauend werden Sicherheitsfragestellungen von Infrastrukturkomponenten beleuchtet und ein Einblick in das Schlüsselmanagement sowohl für Fahrzeuge als auch Infrastrukturkomponenten gegeben.
A reduction of around 48% of all road fatalities was achieved in Europe in the past years including a reduced number of fatalities with an older age. However, among all road fatalities, the proportion of elderly is steadily increasing. In an ageing society, the European (Horizon2020) project SENIORS aims to improve the safe mobility of older road users, who have different transportation habits compared to other age groups. To increase their level of safe mobility by determining appropriate requirements for vehicle safety systems, the characteristics of current road traffic collisions involving the elderly and the injuries that they sustain need to be understood in detail. Hereby, the paper focuses on their traffic participation as pedestrian, cyclist or passenger car occupant. Following a literature review, several national and international crash databases and hospital statistics have been analysed to determine the body regions most frequently and severely injured, specific injuries sustained and types of crashes involved, always comparing older road users (65 years and more) with mid-aged road users (25-64 years). The most important crash scenarios were highlighted. The data sources included European statistics from CARE, data on national level from Germany, Sweden, Italy, United Kingdom and Spain as well as in-depth crash information from GIDAS (Germany), RAIDS (UK), CIREN and NASS-CDS (US). In addition, familiar hospital data from Germany (TraumaRegister DGU-®), Italy (Italian Register of Acute Traumas) and UK hospital statistics (TARN) were included in the study to gain further insight into specific injury patterns. Comprehensive data analyses were performed showing injury patterns of older road users in crashes. When comparing with mid-aged road users, all databases showed that the thorax body region is of particularly high importance for the older car occupant with injury severities of AIS 2 or AIS 3+, whereas the body regions lower extremities, head and thorax need to be considered for the older pedestrians and cyclists. Besides these comparisons, the most frequent and severe top 5 injuries were highlighted per road user group. Further, the most important crash configurations were identified and injury risk functions are provided per age group and road user group. Although several databases have been analysed, the picture on the road safety situation of older road users in Europe was not complete, as only Western European data was available. The linkage between crash data and hospital data could only be made on a general level as their inclusion criteria were quite different.
Advancing active safety towards the protection of vulnerable road users: the PROSPECT project
(2017)
Accidents involving Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) are still a very significant issue for road safety. According to the World Health Organisation, pedestrian and cyclist deaths account for more than 25% of all road traffic deaths worldwide. Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems have the potential to improve safety for these VRU groups. The PROSPECT project (Proactive Safety for Pedestrians and Cyclists) aims to significantly improve the effectiveness of active VRU safety systems compared to those currently on the market by expanding the scope of scenarios addressed by the systems and improving the overall system performance. The project pursues an integrated approach: Newest available accident data combined with naturalistic observations and HMI guidelines represent key inputs for the system specifications, which form the basis for the system development. For system development, two main aspects are considered: advanced sensor processing with situation analysis, and intervention strategies including braking and steering. All these concepts are implemented in several vehicle prototypes. Special emphasis is put on balancing system performance in critical scenarios and avoiding undesired system activations. For system validation, testing in realistic scenarios will be done. Results will allow the performance assessment of the developed concepts and a cost-benefit analysis. The findings within the PROSPECT project will contribute to the generation of state -of-the-art knowledge, technical innovations, assessment methodologies and tools for advancing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems towards the protection of VRUs. The introduction of a new generation safety system in the market will enhance VRU road safety in 2020-2025, contributing to the "Vision Zero" objective of no fatalities or serious injuries in road traffic set out in the Transport White Paper. Furthermore, the test methodologies and tools developed within the project shall be considered for the New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) future roadmaps, supporting the European Commission goal of halving the road toll in the 2011-2020 timeframe.
The presence and performance of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) has increased over last years. Systems available on the market address also conflicts with vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as pedestrians and cyclists. Within the European project PROSPECT (Horizon2020, funded by the EC) improved VRU ADAS systems are developed and tested. However, before determining systems" properties and starting testing, an up-to-date analysis of VRU crashes was needed in order to derive the most important Use Cases (detailed crash descriptions) the systems should address. Besides the identified Accident Scenarios (basic crash descriptions), this paper describes in short the method of deriving the Use Cases for car-to-cyclist crashes. Method Crashes involving one passenger car and one cyclist were investigated in several European crash databases looking for all injury severity levels (slight, severe and fatal). These data sources included European statistics from CARE, data on national level from Germany, Sweden and Hungary as well as detailed accident information from these three countries using GIDAS, the Volvo Cars Cyclist Accident database and Hungarian in-depth accident data, respectively. The most frequent accident scenarios were studied and Use Cases were derived considering the key aspects of these crash situations (e.g., view orientation of the cyclist and the car driver- manoeuvre intention) and thus, form an appropriate basis for the development of Test Scenarios. Results Latest information on car-to-cyclist crashes in Europe was compiled including details on the related crash configurations, driving directions, outcome in terms of injury severity, accident location, other environmental aspects and driver responsibilities. The majority of car-to-cyclist crashes occurred during daylight and in clear weather conditions. Car-to-cyclist crashes in which the vehicle was traveling straight and the cyclist is moving in line with the traffic were found to result in the greatest number of fatalities. Considering also slightly and seriously injured cyclists led to a different order of crash patterns according to the three considered European countries. Finally the paper introduced the Use Cases derived from the crash data analysis. A total of 29 Use Cases were derived considering the group of seriously or fatally injured cyclists and 35 Use Cases were derived considering the group of slightly, seriously or fatally injured cyclists. The highest ranked Use Case describes the collision between a car turning to the nearside and a cyclist riding on a bicycle lane against the usual driving direction. A unified European dataset on car-to-cyclist crash scenarios is not available as the data available in CARE is limited, hence national datasets had to be used for the study and further work will be required to extrapolate the results to a European level. Due to the large number of Use Cases, the paper shows only highest ranked ones.
PROSPECT (Proactive Safety for Pedestrians and Cyclists) is a collaborative research project involving most of the relevant partners from the automotive industry (including important active safety vehicle manufacturers and tier-1 suppliers) as well as academia and independent test labs, funded by the European Commission in the Horizon 2020 research program. PROSPECT's primary goal is the development of novel active safety functions, to be finally demonstrated to the public in three prototype vehicles. A sound benefit assessment of the prototype vehicle's functionality requires a broad testing methodology which goes beyond what has currently been used. Since PROSPECT functions are developed to prevent accidents in intersections, a key aspect of the test methodology is the reproduction of natural driving styles on the test track with driving robots. For this task, data from a real driving study with subjects in a suburb of Munich, Germany was used. Further data from Barcelona will be available soon. The data suggests that intersection crossing can be broken down into five phases, two phases with straight deceleration / acceleration, one phase with constant radius and speed turning, and two phases where the bend is imitated or ended. In these latter phases, drivers mostly combine lateral and longitudinal accelerations and drive what is called a clothoid, a curve with curvature proportional to distance travelled, in order to change lateral acceleration smoothly rather than abrupt. The data suggests that the main parameter of the clothoid, the ratio distance travelled to curvature, is mostly constant during the intersections. This parameter together with decelerations and speeds allows the generation of synthetic robot program files for a reproduction of natural driving styles using robots, allowing a much greater reproducibility than what is possible with human test drivers. First tests show that in principle it is possible to use the driving robots for vehicle control in that manner; a challenge currently is the control performance of the robot system in terms of speed control, but it is anticipated that this problem will be solved soon. Further elements of the PROSPECT test methodology are a standard intersection marking to be implemented on the test track which allows the efficient testing of all PROSPECT test cases, standard mobile and light obstruction elements for quick reproduction of obstructions of view, and a concept for tests in realistic surroundings. First tests using the PROSPECT test methodology will be conducted over the summer 2017, and final tests of the prototype vehicles developed within PROSPECT will be conducted in early 2018
The UN Regulation No. 79 is going to be amended to allow automatically commanded steering functions (ACSF) at speeds above 10 km/h. Hence, requirements concerning the approval of automatically performed steering manoeuvres have to be set in order to allow safe use of automatic steering on public roads as well as improve overall road safety for the driver and the surroundings. By order of the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI), BASt developed and verified physical test procedures for automatic steering to be implemented in UN Regulation No. 79. The usability of currently available test tools was examined. The paper at hand describes these test procedures and presents results from verification tests. The designated tests are divided in three sections: functionality tests, verifications for the transition of control and emergency tests. System functionality tests are auto matic lane keeping, automatic lane change and an automatic abort of an initiated lane change due to traffic. Those tests check if the vehicle remains in its lane (under normal operating conditions), is able to perform safe automatic lane change manoeuvres and if it considers other road users during its manoeuvres. Transition tests examine the vehicle's behaviour when the driver fails to monitor the system and in situations when the system has to hand over the steering control back to the driver. For instance these tests provoke driver-in-the-loop requests by approaching system boundary limitations, like missing lane markings, surpassing maximum lateral acceleration in a bend or even a major system failure. Even further the driver and his inputs are monitored and if the system detects that he is overriding system actions or contrary want to quit the driving task and unfastens the seat belt, it has to shut down and put the human back into manually control and the responsibility of driving. The last series of test consists of two emergency situations in which the system has to react to a time critical event: A hard decelerating vehicle and a stationary vehicle in front both with no lane change possibility for the ACSF vehicle. Some of the tests, especially the emergency manoeuvres, require special target vehicles and propulsion systems. Since no fully automatic steering vehicles are available, a current Mercedes E-Class with Mercedes' "drive pilot" system was used. It was shown that the vehicle is automatically able to brake to a full stop towards a static Euro NCAP target from partial-automatic driving at 90 km/h, that it could brake towards a rapidly decelerating lead vehicle when travelling at 70 km/h, that it was able during partially automatic driving to remain in its lane in normal operation conditions and to perform a automatic (driver initiated) lane change while surveilling the driver- activities.
Schutz von schwächeren Verkehrsteilnehmern: kommende Anforderungen aus Gesetzgebung und Euro NCAP
(2017)
Systeme der aktiven Fahrzeugsicherheit, insbesondere Notbremsassistenzsysteme und automatische Notbremssysteme, haben in den letzten zwei Dekaden große technische Fortschritte gemacht, und das im Wesentlichen ohne "Druck" von Gesetzgeber oder unabhängigen Testorganisationen " diese können aber durch passende Anforderungen den Vormarsch der Systeme in die Breite und die Ausnutzung von ansonsten für den Hersteller vielleicht nicht wirtschaftlichen Potentialen unterstützen. Dieser Bericht hat das Ziel, einen Überblick über die kommenden Anforderungen an Schutzsysteme für schwächere Verkehrsteilnehmer zu geben und diese Anforderungen in den Kontext Euro NCAP (=welchen Einfluss haben diese Anforderungen auf die Gesamtbewertung?) sowie Gesetzgebung (schwächere Anforderungen, aber dafür ein Markteintrittskriterium) zu stellen: - Anforderungen und Testprozeduren für Notbremsassistenz Fahrradunfälle 2018 und 2020 in Euro NCAP; - Anforderungen und Testprozeduren für Notbremsassistenz bei Nachtunfällen mit Fußgängern in Euro NCAP 2018; - Anforderungen und Testprozeduren für Abbiegeassistenzsysteme zum Schutz von Radfahrern in Unfallsituationen mit rechtsabbiegenden Lkw innerhalb der Fahrzeugtypgenehmigung.