91 Fahrzeugkonstruktion
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2010 (16) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (16) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (14)
- Konferenz (14)
- Accident (8)
- Unfall (8)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (7)
- Severity (accid, injury) (7)
- Analyse (math) (5)
- Analysis (math) (5)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (5)
- Head on collision (5)
- Injury (5)
- Statistics (5)
- Statistik (5)
- Verletzung (5)
- Efficiency (4)
- Fahrzeug (4)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (4)
- Vehicle (4)
- Active safety system (3)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (3)
- Deutschland (3)
- Fatality (3)
- Germany (3)
- Passive safety system (3)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (3)
- Safety (3)
- Sicherheit (3)
- Simulation (3)
- Tödlicher Unfall (3)
- Versuch (3)
- Anfahrversuch (2)
- Bewertung (2)
- Car (2)
- Cervical vertebrae (2)
- Data bank (2)
- Datenbank (2)
- Decrease (2)
- Development (2)
- Entwicklung (2)
- Europa (2)
- Europe (2)
- Evaluation (assessment) (2)
- Fahrzeugsitz (2)
- France (2)
- Frankreich (2)
- Fußgänger (2)
- Halswirbel (2)
- Impact study (2)
- Method (2)
- Pedestrian (2)
- Prevention (2)
- Risikobewertung (2)
- Risk assessment (2)
- Test (2)
- USA (2)
- Verfahren (2)
- Verminderung (2)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (2)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (2)
- Überschlagen (2)
- Accident prevention (1)
- Accident rate (1)
- Accompanied driving (1)
- Adolescent (1)
- Age (1)
- Air bag (restraint system) (1)
- Airbag (1)
- Alte Leute (1)
- Alter (1)
- Anthropometric dummy (1)
- Auffahrunfall (1)
- Befreiung (Bergung) (1)
- Begleitetes Fahren (1)
- Benefit cost analysis (1)
- Body (car) (1)
- Brake (1)
- Braking (1)
- Bremse (1)
- Bremsung (1)
- Cause (1)
- Child (1)
- Clothing (1)
- Communication (1)
- Cost benefit analysis (1)
- Damage (1)
- Dauer (1)
- Demographie (1)
- Detection (1)
- Driver (1)
- Driver assistance system (1)
- Driver experience (1)
- Driver information (1)
- Driver training (1)
- Driving (veh) (1)
- Ejection (1)
- Electric vehicle (1)
- Elektrofahrzeug (1)
- Emission control (1)
- Emissionskontrolle (1)
- Entdeckung (1)
- Erste Hilfe (1)
- Extrication (1)
- Fahranfänger (1)
- Fahrausbildung (1)
- Fahrer (1)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (1)
- Fahrerinformation (1)
- Fahrstreifen (1)
- Fahrzeugflotte (1)
- Fahrzeugführung (1)
- Feuer (1)
- Fire (1)
- First aid (1)
- Fleet of vehicles (1)
- Frau (1)
- Geschwindigkeit (1)
- Gesetzgebung (1)
- Gewicht (1)
- Hazard (1)
- Head restraint (1)
- Herausschleudern (1)
- Highway traffic (1)
- Homogeneity (1)
- Homogenität (1)
- Impact test (1)
- Impact test (veh) (1)
- Improvement (1)
- Insasse (1)
- Japan (1)
- Jugendlicher (1)
- Karosserie (1)
- Kind (1)
- Kleidung (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Kopfstütze (1)
- Landstraße (1)
- Legislation (1)
- Lkw (1)
- Location (1)
- Lorry (1)
- Mathematical model (1)
- Motorcyclist (1)
- Motorradfahrer (1)
- Old people (1)
- Ort (Position) (1)
- Overturning (1)
- Overturning (veh) (1)
- PKW (1)
- Pkw (1)
- Population (1)
- Prüfverfahren (1)
- Rear end collision (1)
- Recently qualified driver (1)
- Rechenmodell (1)
- Risiko (1)
- Road (1)
- Road network (1)
- Rural road (1)
- Sachschaden (1)
- Safety belt (1)
- Schlag (1)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (1)
- Seat (1)
- Seat (veh) (1)
- Severity (accid (1)
- Shock (1)
- Sicherheitsgurt (1)
- Speed (1)
- Spinal column (1)
- Standardisierung (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Straßennetz (1)
- Straßenverkehr (1)
- Technische Vorschriften (1)
- Teenage driver (1)
- Telefon (1)
- Telephone (1)
- Tension (1)
- Test method (1)
- Tests (1)
- Time (1)
- Traffic lanes (1)
- Transport infrastructure (1)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (1)
- Unfallverhuetung (1)
- Unfallverhütung (1)
- Ursache (1)
- Vehicle Regulations (1)
- Vehicle occupant (1)
- Verbesserung (1)
- Verhütung (1)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (1)
- Verletzung) (1)
- Versuchspuppe (1)
- Warning (1)
- Warnung (1)
- Weight (1)
- Wirbelsäule (1)
- Women (1)
- Zeit (1)
- Zug (mech) (1)
- injury) (1)
Institut
In road traffic accidents, a car-seat and its occupant can be subjected to various crash pulses in the case of a rear impact. This study investigates the influence of crash pulse shape on seat-occupant response and evaluates the corresponding risk of whiplash injury. For this purpose, a rigorously validated seat-occupant system model is used to study different carseat designs and crash pulses. Two different car-seat concepts are also presented which can effectively mitigate whiplash injury for a wide range of crash severity. It is shown that for crash pulses of similar severity, the level of whiplash-risk depends strongly on the combined effects of seat design and crash pulse shape.
This work aims at bringing evidence for mass incompatibility in frontal impact for cars built according to the UNECE R94 regulation. French national injury accidents database census for years 2005 to 2008 were used for the analysis. The heterogeneity of frontal self-protection among cars of different masses is investigated, as well as the partner protection parameter offered by these cars. The last part of the analysis deals with the estimation of the benefit, in terms of fatal and severe injuries avoided, if crashworthiness was harmonized for the whole fleet of vehicle. This calculation is done for France and is extended to all Europe.
An analysis of NASS and FARS was conducted to determine crash conditions that involved injuries that are not currently being directly addressed by vehicle safety standards or by consumer information test protocols. Analysis of both field data and US NCAP tests were conducted to determine the relative safety provided by seating position and by vehicle model year. Opportunities for improvements were determined by crash categories with large populations of injuries that were not addressed by safety tests or smaller numbers that were increasing in frequency. Areas of opportunities include improved occupant restrain in rollovers, improved frontal protection for rear seat occupants and improved fire prevention in frontal and rollover crashes.
Mit der EU-Verordnung Nummer 661/2009 zur Typgenehmigung und allgemeinen Sicherheit von Kraftfahrzeugen wird von der EU für schwere Nutzfahrzeuge der Einbau von Spurverlassenswarnsystemen und automatischen Notbremssystemen vorgeschrieben. Mit dem obligatorischen Einbau der Systeme wird eine Reduktion der Abkommens- und Auffahrunfälle von Nutzfahrzeugen aus den Klassen M2, M3, N2 und N3, die auf Grund der hohen Masse der Fahrzeuge folgenschwer sind, erwartet. Als Einführungsdaten werden der 1. November 2013 für neue Fahrzeugtypen und der 1. November 2015 für neue Fahrzeuge genannt. Leistungsanforderungen beziehungsweise technische Spezifikationen, denen die Systeme genügen müssen, liegen jedoch noch nicht vor. Diese werden derzeit von einer Expertengruppe auf UN-ECE-Ebene entwickelt. Dabei wird versucht, technologieneutrale Beschreibungen für die Ausgestaltung der Systeme zu erstellen, die gleichzeitig sowohl den gewünschten Nutzen für die Verkehrssicherheit garantieren, sich aber auch an der derzeit vorhandenen und realisierbaren Technologie orientieren. Darüber hinaus müssen die Systemkosten in einem vernünftigen Verhältnis zum Sicherheitsnutzen stehen. Ziel ist es, im Laufe des Jahres 2011 Vorschläge für die Legislative vorzulegen. Es wird über den Stand der Arbeiten, offene Fragestellungen, Herausforderungen bei der Ausgestaltung der technischen Anforderungen sowie sich abzeichnende Ergebnisse berichtet. Dabei sind die Arbeiten in Bezug auf Lane Departure Warning Systems (LDWS) bereits weiter fortgeschritten als zu Advanced Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS).
The share of high-tensile steel in car bodies has increased over the last years. While occupant safety has generally benefited from this measure, there is a potential risk that, as a result, rescue time may increase considerably. In more than 60% of all car occupant fatalities a technical rescue has been necessary. These are in particular those cases where occupants die immediately at the accident scene. Therefore, in these cases "rescue time" is a very sensitive parameter. In addition to the general analysis of the need of technical rescue and the actual rescue time depending on model years, the injury pattern of occupants requiring technical rescue will be analysed to provide advice for rescue teams. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of rescue measures for the most popular car models depending on the safety cell design is given.
Die zukünftige Entwicklung der Straßenverkehrssicherheit und damit auch der Fahrzeugsicherheit wird durch gesellschaftliche, wirtschaftliche, klimapolitische und verkehrspolitische Rand- und Rahmenbedingungen und die voranschreitende technische Entwicklung geprägt sein, die auch für den Gesetzgeber eine Herausforderung darstellen. So wird sich auch das Folgeprogramm des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS) für das derzeitige aus dem Jahr 2001 stammende "Programm für mehr Sicherheit im Straßenverkehr" an den Schwerpunkten des "4th Road Safety Action Programme" ausrichten, das im Frühjahr 2010 durch die EU-Kommission veröffentlicht werden soll. Im Prozess zu einer weiteren Verbesserung der Straßenverkehrssicherheit werden unter anderem der demografische Wandel in unserer Gesellschaft, die durch eine erforderliche CO2-Reduktion bedingte Einführung alternativer Antriebe (Elektromobilität) verbunden mit Leichtbau sowie die gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingung (Wiener Abkommen) eine bedeutende Rolle spielen. Die Klärung der gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen ist unerlässlich, um die Vision vom unfallfreien Fahren Realität werden lassen zu können.
Providing effective occupant protection in rollover crashes requires supplying the occupant with a restraint system proven effective in the dynamic rollover accident mode. Preventing ejection and providing restraint sufficient to prevent potentially injurious contacts with both interior and exterior vehicle components is paramount for effective rollover occupant protection. Research has shown that the injury potential can be decreased by closely coupling the occupant to the seat. This paper focuses on the effect of restraint system slack and its relationship to occupant excursion and ejection potential during rollover. Various restraint system configurations are evaluated in rollover-type test environments. A review of prior research is presented prior to presenting new quasi-static vehicle inversion studies conducted with live surrogate occupants. Additionally, dynamic rollover testing utilizing anthropometric test devices (ATDs) is presented. The influence of belt looseness and effects of various restraint designs on the belted occupants' injury potential are discussed.
The need of passive safety devices, able to reduce the accidents and the severity of injuries suffered by motorcyclist, distinctly arises from data on accident statistics. In this paper, the effectiveness of an airbag device fitted in the biker- garments has been verified through various numerical simulations. Two simple test conditions were defined, in order to investigate the performance of the device both for back and front impacts, and simulated at various impact speeds. With the aim of providing more information about the actual capability of the airbag to reduce the severity of the injuries, one of accident scenario described by ISO 13232:2005 has been also investigated, checking the real effectiveness of the airbag strap-based firing system too. Confrontation of injury indexes resulting from simulation with and without airbag made possible a realistic evaluation of the harm reduction induced by the airbag presence.
In order to enable foreseeing or comparing the benefit of safety systems or driver assistance systems in Germany, in the United States and in Japan, the traffic accident databases in those three countries are examined. The variables used are culpable party, collision partner, accident type, and injury level and the method to re-classify the databases for comparison are proposed. The result indicates that single passenger car fatality is the most frequent in Germany and in the United States, while passenger car vs. pedestrian is the most frequent fatality scenario in Japan. When the casualty by fatality ratio is focused, the greatest difference is observed in rear-end collisions. The ratio of slight injuries in Japan yields about eighteen times as many as those in Germany, and about eight times as many as those in the United States.
The paper presents a methodology for the benefit estimation of several secondary safety systems for pedestrians, using the exceptional data depth of GIDAS. A total of 667 frontal pedestrian accidents up to 40kph and more than 500 AIS2+ injuries have been considered. In addition to the severity, affected body region, exact impact point on the vehicle, and the causing part of every injury, the related Euro NCAP test zone was determined. One results of the study is a detailed impact distribution for AIS2+ injuries across the vehicle front. It can be stated, how often a test zone or vehicle part is hit by pedestrians in frontal accidents and which role the ground impact plays. Basing on that, different secondary safety measures can be evaluated by an injury shift method concerning their real world effectiveness. As an example, measures concerning the Euro NCAP pedestrian rating tests have been evaluated. It was analysed which Euro NCAP test zones are the most effective ones. In addition, real test results have been evaluated. Using the presented methodology, other secondary safety like the active bonnet (pop-up bonnet) or a pedestrian airbag measures can be evaluated.