91 Fahrzeugkonstruktion
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
Sprache
- Englisch (159) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (89)
- Konferenz (86)
- Germany (54)
- Deutschland (53)
- Safety (49)
- Sicherheit (48)
- Accident (44)
- Unfall (44)
- Anfahrversuch (41)
- Fahrzeug (38)
- Bewertung (37)
- Evaluation (assessment) (37)
- Vehicle (36)
- Impact test (veh) (33)
- Injury (28)
- Simulation (28)
- Verletzung (28)
- Active safety system (27)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (26)
- Fußgänger (26)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (26)
- Pedestrian (26)
- Collision (25)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (24)
- Test method (24)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (24)
- Passive safety system (23)
- Prüfverfahren (23)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (23)
- Accident prevention (22)
- Analyse (math) (22)
- Severity (accid, injury) (22)
- Zusammenstoß (22)
- Analysis (math) (21)
- Car (21)
- Driver assistance system (21)
- Test (21)
- Unfallverhütung (21)
- Verletzung) (21)
- Versuch (21)
- injury) (21)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (20)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (20)
- Severity (accid (20)
- Head on collision (19)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (19)
- Anthropometric dummy (17)
- Efficiency (17)
- Dummy (16)
- Reconstruction (accid) (16)
- Datenbank (15)
- Kompatibilität (15)
- Compatibility (14)
- Data bank (12)
- Method (12)
- Pkw (12)
- Verfahren (12)
- Child (11)
- Insasse (11)
- Kind (11)
- On the spot accident investigation (11)
- Radfahrer (11)
- Statistics (11)
- Cyclist (10)
- Development (10)
- Entwicklung (10)
- Forschungsarbeit (10)
- Statistik (10)
- Vehicle regulations (10)
- Biomechanics (9)
- Biomechanik (9)
- Europa (9)
- Europe (9)
- Improvement (9)
- Prevention (9)
- Research project (9)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (9)
- Technische Vorschriften (Kraftfahrzeug) (9)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (9)
- Vehicle occupant (9)
- Verbesserung (9)
- Accident reconstruction (8)
- Antikollisionssystem (8)
- Collision avoidance system (8)
- Deformation (8)
- Impact test (8)
- Motorrad (8)
- Side impact (8)
- Auffahrunfall (7)
- Automatisch (7)
- Cost benefit analysis (7)
- Fahrzeugsitz (7)
- Fatality (7)
- Fehler (7)
- Head (7)
- Interior (veh) (7)
- International (7)
- Kopf (7)
- Lorry (7)
- Motorcycle (7)
- PKW (7)
- Schlag (7)
- Shock (7)
- Sicherheitsgurt (7)
- Standardisierung (7)
- Tödlicher Unfall (7)
- Verformung (7)
- Verminderung (7)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (7)
- Automatic (6)
- Bemessung (6)
- Benutzung (6)
- Braking (6)
- Bremsung (6)
- Cause (6)
- Datenerfassung (6)
- Decrease (6)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (6)
- Design (overall design) (6)
- Driver (6)
- Error (6)
- Fahrer (6)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (6)
- Geschwindigkeit (6)
- Gesetzgebung (6)
- Knee (human) (6)
- Legislation (6)
- Mathematical model (6)
- Prognose (6)
- Rear end collision (6)
- Rechenmodell (6)
- Research report (6)
- Risiko (6)
- Risk (6)
- Safety belt (6)
- Seat (veh) (6)
- Sensor (6)
- Speed (6)
- Ursache (6)
- Use (6)
- Verhütung (6)
- Überschlagen (6)
- Airbag (5)
- Aufprallschlitten (5)
- Autonomes Fahren (5)
- Autonomous driving (5)
- Body (car) (5)
- Brustkorb (5)
- Data acquisition (5)
- Fahrstabilität (5)
- Forschungsbericht (5)
- Impact sled (5)
- Karosserie (5)
- Lkw (5)
- Standardization (5)
- Thorax (5)
- Vehicle handling (5)
- Accident rate (4)
- Alte Leute (4)
- Anti locking device (4)
- Bus (4)
- Cervical vertebrae (4)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (4)
- Digital model (4)
- EU (4)
- Electronic stability program (4)
- Forecast (4)
- Halswirbel (4)
- Interview (4)
- Japan (4)
- Knie (menschl) (4)
- Modification (4)
- Numerisches Modell (4)
- Official approval (4)
- Overturning (veh) (4)
- Perception (4)
- Reproducibility (4)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (4)
- Road user (4)
- Technologie (4)
- Technology (4)
- USA (4)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (4)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (4)
- Wahrnehmung (4)
- Air bag (restraint system) (3)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (3)
- Bein (menschl) (3)
- Belastung (3)
- Berechnung (3)
- Coach (3)
- Correlation (math, stat) (3)
- Damage (3)
- Database (3)
- Detection (3)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (3)
- Ergonomics (3)
- Fire (3)
- Front (3)
- Gewicht (3)
- Human body (3)
- Impact study (3)
- Kamera (3)
- Knotenpunkt (3)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (3)
- Kunststoff (3)
- Leg (human) (3)
- Lenken (Fahrzeug) (3)
- Load (3)
- Menschlicher Körper (3)
- Motorcyclist (3)
- Motorradfahrer (3)
- Old people (3)
- Plastic material (3)
- Policy (3)
- Politik (3)
- Reisebus (3)
- Sachschaden (3)
- Sichtbarkeit (3)
- Steering (process) (3)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (3)
- Veränderung (3)
- Sichtbarkeit (3)
- Weight (3)
- Windschutzscheibe (3)
- Abdomen (2)
- Activity report (2)
- Advanced driver assistance system (2)
- Age (2)
- Alter (2)
- Attitude (psychol) (2)
- Ausrüstung (2)
- Automatische Notbremsung (2)
- Autonomes Fahrzeug (2)
- Autonomous emergency braking (2)
- Autonomous vehicle (2)
- Baumusterzulassung (2)
- Behaviour (2)
- Bildschirm (2)
- Bremse (2)
- Bremsweg (2)
- Calculation (2)
- Camera (2)
- Crash Test (2)
- Crashtest (2)
- Delivery vehicle (2)
- Detektion (2)
- Driver information (2)
- Driving (veh) (2)
- Dynamics (2)
- Dynamik (2)
- EU directive (2)
- EU-Richtlinie (2)
- Effectiveness (2)
- Einstellung (psychol) (2)
- Electric vehicle (2)
- Electronic driving aid (2)
- Elektrofahrzeug (2)
- Empfindlichkeit (2)
- Entdeckung (2)
- Equipment (2)
- Erste Hilfe (2)
- Estimation (2)
- Fahrdatenschreiber (2)
- Fahrzeugführung (2)
- Feuer (2)
- First aid (2)
- Form (2)
- France (2)
- Frankreich (2)
- Frau (2)
- Haftung (jur) (2)
- Head restraint (2)
- Headlamp (2)
- Intersection (2)
- Knie (2)
- Kopfstütze (2)
- Kraftfahrzeug (2)
- LKW (2)
- Leuchtdichte (2)
- Liability (2)
- Location (2)
- Luminance (2)
- Measurement (2)
- Mensch Maschine Verhältnis (2)
- Messung (2)
- Norm (tech) (2)
- Occupant (veh) (2)
- Organisation (2)
- Ort (Position) (2)
- Passenger (2)
- Post crash (2)
- Prototyp (2)
- Prototype (2)
- Rear view mirror (2)
- Regression analysis (2)
- Regressionsanalyse (2)
- Reifen (2)
- Restraint system (2)
- Risikobewertung (2)
- Risk assessment (2)
- Rückspiegel (2)
- Scheinwerfer (2)
- Schutz (2)
- Schweden (2)
- Seite (2)
- Sensitivity (2)
- Side (2)
- Spain (2)
- Spanien (2)
- Specification (standard) (2)
- Spinal column (2)
- Steifigkeit (2)
- Stiffness (2)
- Sustainability (2)
- Toxicity (2)
- Toxizität (2)
- Traffic regulations (2)
- Tyre (2)
- Tätigkeitsbericht (2)
- Underride protection (2)
- United Kingdom (2)
- Unterfahrschutz (2)
- Unterleib (2)
- Untersuchung am unfallort (2)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (2)
- Verhalten (2)
- Visual display (2)
- Vorn (2)
- Windscreen (veh) (2)
- Wirbelsäule (2)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (2)
- Zusammenstoss (2)
- Ablenkung (psychol) (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Active safety (1)
- Active safety system; Automatic; Brake; Car; Collision avoidance system; Conference; Driver assistance system; Germany; Impact test (veh); Rear end collision; Severity (accid (1)
- Administration (1)
- Adult (1)
- Advanced vehicle control systems (1)
- Aged people (1)
- Airbag (restraint system) (1)
- Aktive Sicherheit (1)
- Angle (1)
- Anordnung (1)
- Antiblockiersystem (1)
- Antikollisisonssystem (1)
- Apparatus (measurement) (1)
- Arbeitsgruppe (1)
- Atives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- Aufzeichung (1)
- Austria (1)
- Autobahn (1)
- Battery (1)
- Bau (1)
- Baustoff (1)
- Befreiung (Bergung) (1)
- Bewehrung (1)
- Bicycle (1)
- Bicyclist (1)
- Blickfeld (1)
- Blind spot (veh) (1)
- Brake (1)
- Brake light (1)
- Braking distance (1)
- Brand (1)
- Bremslicht (1)
- Bruch (mech) (1)
- Budget (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Chassis (1)
- Classification (1)
- Clothing (1)
- Collision test (veh) (1)
- Compatiblity (1)
- Compression (1)
- Computation (1)
- Construction (1)
- Contact (tyre (1)
- Cost (1)
- Crash test (1)
- Cross roads (1)
- Crossing the road (pedestrian) (1)
- Damping (1)
- Data collection (1)
- Dauer (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- Daylight (1)
- Deformable barrier (Impact test) (1)
- Deformable barrier system (impact test) (1)
- Dehnungsmessstreifen (1)
- Demand (econ) (1)
- Deutschland ; Konferenz (1)
- Diesel engine (1)
- Dieselmotor (1)
- Digital computer (1)
- Digitalrechner (1)
- Displacement (1)
- Distraction (1)
- Driver training (1)
- Driving aid (electronic) (1)
- Dtetection (1)
- Durability (1)
- Dynamic penetration test (1)
- Dynamo (1)
- Dämpfung (1)
- Education (1)
- Eichung (1)
- Eins (1)
- Ejection (1)
- Electric bicycle (1)
- Elektrofahrrad (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogram (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Engine capacity (1)
- Environment protection (1)
- Ergonomie (1)
- Erwachsener (1)
- Erziehung (1)
- Eu (1)
- European New Car Assessment Programme (1)
- Event data recorder (Road vehicle) (1)
- Event data recorder (road vehicle) (1)
- Extrication (1)
- Fahrassistenzsystem (1)
- Fahrausbildung (1)
- Fahrbahnüberquerung (1)
- Fahrerinformationen (1)
- Fahrleistung (1)
- Fahrrad (1)
- Fahrstreifenwechsel (1)
- Fahrwerk (1)
- Fahrzeugbeleuchtung (1)
- Fahrzeugdach (1)
- Fahrzeugflotte (1)
- Fahrzeugteil (Sicherheit) (1)
- Failure (1)
- Field of vision (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Fleet of vehicles (1)
- Future transport mode (1)
- Gas (1)
- Geometry (shape) (1)
- Government (national) (1)
- Grenzwert (1)
- Harmonization (1)
- Head (human) (1)
- Height (1)
- Herausschleudern (1)
- Hinten (1)
- Homogeneity (1)
- Homogenität (1)
- Hubraum (1)
- Höhe (1)
- Hüfte (menschl) (1)
- In Bewegung (1)
- Incident detection (1)
- Increase (1)
- Inertia reel safety belt (1)
- Injury) (1)
- Installation (1)
- Intelligent transport system (1)
- Intelligentes Verkehrssystem (1)
- Itinerary (1)
- Junction (1)
- Klassifizierung (1)
- Kleidung (1)
- Kleintransporter (1)
- Kompatiblität (1)
- Kontakt Reifen Straße (1)
- Kontrolle (1)
- Kopf (menschl) (1)
- Kosten (1)
- Kosten Nutzen Vergleich (1)
- Kreuzung (1)
- Landstraße (1)
- Lane changing (1)
- Lap strap (1)
- Lateral collision (1)
- Layout (1)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Allg.) (1)
- Lieferfahrzeug (1)
- Limit (1)
- Maintenance (1)
- Market (1)
- Markt (1)
- Massenunfall (1)
- Material (constr) (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Messgerät (1)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Model (not math) (1)
- Modell (1)
- Montage (1)
- Moped (1)
- Motorway (1)
- Moving (1)
- Multiple collision (1)
- Nachfrage (1)
- Nachhaltige Entwicklung (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nacht (1)
- Nasse Straße (1)
- Nigeria (1)
- Night (1)
- Notfall (1)
- Oberfläche (1)
- On the scene accident investigation (1)
- One (1)
- Optimum (1)
- Organization (1)
- Output (1)
- Overlapping (1)
- Overturning (1)
- Pelvis (1)
- Pfahl (1)
- Pile (1)
- Portugal (1)
- Probability (1)
- Prüefverfahren (1)
- Public transport (1)
- Rammsondierung (1)
- Rear (1)
- Recording (1)
- Reduction (decrease) (1)
- Reflectorized material (1)
- Reflexstoffe (1)
- Regierung (staat) (1)
- Reifenprofil (1)
- Reinforcement (in mater) (1)
- Reiseweg (1)
- Richtlinien (1)
- Rippe (menschl) (1)
- Road construction (1)
- Road traffic (1)
- Robot (1)
- Roboter (1)
- Roll over (veh) (1)
- Roof (veh) (1)
- Rotation (1)
- Rural road (1)
- Safety fence (1)
- Safety glass (1)
- Safety harness (1)
- Safety system (1)
- Schulter (1)
- Schutzeinrichtung (1)
- Schweregrad /Unfall (1)
- Seat (1)
- Seat belt (1)
- Seat harness (1)
- Severity (accid, injuy) (1)
- Shape (1)
- Shoulder (human) (1)
- Sicherheitsglas (1)
- Social factors (1)
- Soziale Faktoren (1)
- Specifications (1)
- Spreading (1)
- Stadardization (1)
- Stadt (1)
- Stand der Technik (Bericht) (1)
- State of the art report (1)
- Stochastic process (1)
- Stochastischer Prozess (1)
- Stopping distance (1)
- Strain gauge (1)
- Straßenbau (1)
- Straßenverkehr (1)
- Störfallentdeckung (1)
- Surface (1)
- Surveillance (1)
- Sweden (1)
- Tageslicht (1)
- Technische Vorschriften (1)
- Telefon (1)
- Telematics (1)
- Telematik (1)
- Telephone (1)
- Tension (1)
- Time (1)
- Toter Winkel (1)
- Traffic (1)
- Traffic engineering (1)
- Traffic regulation (1)
- Train (1)
- Transport infrastructure (1)
- Typenzulassung (1)
- Tyre tread (1)
- Umweltschutz (1)
- Unfallfolgemaßnahme (1)
- Unfallfolgephase (1)
- Unfallverhuetung (1)
- Unfallverhütug (1)
- United kingdom (1)
- Unterhaltung (1)
- Untersuchung am Umfallort (1)
- Urban area (1)
- Usa (1)
- Vehicle lighting (1)
- Vehicle mile (1)
- Vehicle safety (1)
- Vehicle safety device (1)
- Veraenderung (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreichl (1)
- Vergrößerung (1)
- Verkehr (1)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (1)
- Verkehrstechnik (1)
- Vermeidung (1)
- Verschiebung (1)
- Versuchspuppe (1)
- Verteilung (mater) (1)
- Verwaltung (1)
- Video camera (1)
- Vorne (1)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (1)
- Wet road (1)
- Window (veh) (1)
- Winkel (1)
- Wirkungsanalyse (1)
- Woman (1)
- Women (1)
- Working group (1)
- Zeit (1)
- Zug (Eisenbahn) (1)
- Zug (mech) (1)
- Zukünftiges Verkehrsmittel (1)
- Zulassung (tech) (1)
- Zusammendrückung (1)
- ZusammenstoÃüï-¿-½Ãƒ-¯Ã‚-¿Ã‚-½ (1)
- efficiency (1)
- head (1)
- road) (1)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (1)
- Österreich (1)
- Überdeckung (1)
Institut
An eCall device has been mounted on some vehicles in France since 2003. It is an integrated car radio/GSM/GPS system that can be used with a SIM card. When an accident occurs, a call can be sent manually or automatically made to a telephone call centre. Knowing the geographic location, the vehicle identity and the possibility of a direct communication with the people involved enables the nearest emergency services to be called out. In this context, the LAB / CEESAR have set up a study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of this system. The purpose of this paper is to detail the E-call system evaluation method of effectiveness used and give a global synthesis of the results.
For the estimation of the benefit and effect of innovative Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) on the collision positions and by association on the accident severity, together with the economic benefit, it becomes necessary to simulate and evaluate a variety of virtual accidents with different start values (e.g. initial speed). Taken into account the effort necessary for a manual reconstruction, only an automated crash computation can be considered for this task. This paper explains the development of an automated crash computation based on GIDAS. The focus will be on the design of the virtual vehicle models, the method of the crash computation as well as exemplary applications of the automated crash computation. For the first time an automated crash computation of passenger car accidents has been realized. Using the automated crash computation different tasks within the field of vehicle safety can be elaborated. This includes, for example, the calculation of specific accident parameters (such as EES or delta-V) for various accident constellations and the estimation of the economic benefit of DAS using IRFs (Injury Risk Functions).
Automotive interiors have long been a potentially injurious impact area to occupants during accidents, especially in the absence of adequate padding. The U.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 201, Occupant Protection in Interior Impact, outlines test procedures and performance criteria in order to mitigate potentially injurious head impacts to interior surfaces. FMVSS 201 specifies a finite set of impact locations and applies to passenger vehicles of a specified year range and with a gross vehicle weight rating less than 10,000 lb. In this paper, two head impact test methodologies are presented, a pendulum-test device and a Free Motion Headform (FMH) launching device, which allows for dynamic, repeatable impact evaluation of various vehicle interior surfaces and their impact attenuation abilities. The presented testing includes multiple series that evaluate the effect of differing vehicle upper interior padding on occupant head injury. One study in particular, analyzes a head impact to the side header of a heavy truck (not included in FMVSS 201) during a 90 degree rollover. Additionally, two other series of tests are presented which assess the injury reduction effect of side airbags to near side as well as far side occupants in a side impact scenario. Lastly, a forensic analysis is presented which evaluates two possible head impact locations experienced in a real world accident by analysis of the resulting interior compartment damage utilizing the FMH launching device test method. The data collected and presented includes accelerometer instrumentation and high speed video analysis. These studies demonstrate that adequate padding and airbags are very effective at mitigating head injury potential at impact speeds of 12-25 mph (19-40 kph).
Assessment of the effectiveness of Intersection Assistance Systems at urban and rural accident sites
(2015)
An Intersection Collision Avoidance System is a promising safety system for accident avoidance or injury mitigation at junctions. However, there is still a lack of evidence of the effectiveness, due to the missing real accident data concerning Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. The objective of this study is the assessment of the effectiveness of an Intersection Collision Avoidance System based on real accidents. The method used is called virtual pre-crash simulation. Accidents at junctions were reconstructed by using the numerical simulation software PC-Crashâ„¢. This first simulation is called the baseline simulation. In a second step the vehicles of these accidents were equipped with an Intersection Collision Avoidance System and simulated again. The second simulation is called the system simulation. In the system simulation two different sensors and four different intervention strategies were used, based on a time-to-collision approach. The effectiveness of Intersection Collision Avoidance System has been evaluated by using an assessment function. On average 9% of the reviewed junction accidents could have been avoided within the system simulations. The other simulation results clearly showed a change in the principal direction of force, delta-v and reduction of the injury severity.
Over the past two decades the popularity of consumer crash test programs, commonly referred to as New Car Assessment Programs (NCAP), has grown across the world. They are popular among government regulators as they afford a means of promoting safety innovations and levels of vehicle performance beyond those dictated by national standards. They also fulfill the demand for information regarding the safety ranking of vehicles among consumers contemplating the purchase of a new vehicle. There is no question that consumer crash test programs greatly influence vehicle design changes as well as accelerate the fitment of new safety features. The extent to which these changes can be expected to reduce serious and potentially fatal injuries will be influenced by how well the testing protocols and associated rating schemes correctly reflect the nature of the residual safety problem they seek to address. Drawing on data contained primarily in the US National Automotive Sampling System (NASS), the field relevance of current and proposed testing and rating protocols addressing frontal crash test protection is examined. Emphasis is placed on examining how accurately injury rates computed from the dummy responses measured in consumer crash tests correspond to actual injury rates observed in the field. Additional data from Canadian field investigations and US databases such as the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey (NMVCCS) are examined to see how well frontal airbag firing times, crush pulse durations and other determinants of injury are replicated in consumer testing protocols. This portion of the analysis draws on data obtained from Event Data Recorders (EDR) in both field collisions and staged tests of the same vehicle model. Vehicle rankings and overall frontal crash test ratings were found to be particularly sensitive to the choice of injury risk functions employed in the test. This was particularly true in the case of injury risk functions used to assess neck injury potential. Neck injury risk derived from Nij was found to show the least agreement with the field. Agreement between field chest injury rates and those derived from crash tests was improved considerably when chest injury risk functions for "older" occupants were employed. The paper concludes with a discussion of how different current testing protocols could be improved to enhance their field relevance.
The European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee wants to promote the use of more biofidelic child dummies and biomechanical based tolerance limits in regulatory and consumer testing. This study has investigated the feasibility and potential impact of Q-dummies and new injury criteria for child restraint system assessment in frontal impact. European accident statistics have been reviewed for all ECE-R44 CRS groups. For frontal impact, injury measures are recommended for the head, neck, chest and abdomen. Priority of body segment protection depends on the ECE-R44 group. The Q-dummy family is able to reflect these injuries, because of its biofidelity performance and measurement capabilities for these body segments. Currently, the Q0, Q1, Q1.5, Q3 and Q6 are available representing children of 0, 1, 1.5, 3 and 6 years old. These Q-dummies cover almost all dummy weight groups as defined in ECE-R44. Q10, representing a 10 year-old child, is under development. New child dummy injury criteria are under discussion in EEVC WG12. Therefore, the ECE-R44 criteria are assessed by comparing the existing P-dummies and new Q-dummies in ECE-R44 frontal impact sled tests. In total 300 tests covering 30 CRSs of almost all existing child seat categories are performed by 11 European organizations. From this benchmark study, it is concluded that the performance of the Q-dummy family is good with respect to repeatability of the measurement signals and the durability of the dummies. Applying ECE-R44 criteria, the first impression is that results for P- and Q-dummy are similar. For child seat evaluation the potential merits of the Q-dummy family lie in the extra measurement possibilities of these dummies and in the more biofidelic response.
In the last years there has been a decline in accident figures in Germany especially for four wheeled vehicles. At the same time, accident figures for motorcycles remained nearly constant. About 17 % of road traffic fatalities in the year 2006 were motorcyclists. 33 % of these riders were killed in single vehicle crashes. This leads to the conclusion that improving driving dynamics and driving stability of powered two wheelers would yield considerable safety gains. However, the well-known measures for cars and trucks with their proven effectiveness cannot be transferred easily to motorcycles. Therefore studies were carried out to examine the safety potential of Anti Lock Braking Systems (ABS) and Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) for motorcycles by means of accident analysis, driving tests and economical as well as technical assessment of the systems. With regard to ABS, test persons were assigned braking tasks (straight and in-curve) with five different brake systems with and without ABS. Stopping distances as well as stress and strain on the riders were measured for 9 test riders who completed 105 braking manoeuvres each. Knowing the ability of ABS to avoid falls during braking in advance of a crash and taking into account the system costs, a cost benefit analysis for ABS for motorcycles was carried out for different market penetration of ABS, i.e. equipment rates, and different time horizons. The potential of VSC for motorcycles was estimated in two steps. First the kinds of accidents that could be prevented by such a system at all have been analysed. For these accident configurations, simulations and driving tests were then performed to determine if a VSC was able to detect the critical driving situation and if it was technically possible to implement an actuator which would help to stabilise the critical situation.
Annual report 2011/2012
(2013)
Traffic on German roads is increasing continuously. The research of the Federal Institute for Materials Research (BASt) is concerned with a road system that will be functioning well in the future, that is safe and economically and ecologically sustainable. Every two years, BASt reports on its tasks, research projects and selected administrative topics. The current report comprises the years of 2011 and 2012. On 151 pages, it provides an idea of current research about important topics of roads and traffic. The projects SKRIBT and SKRIBTPlus examined the behaviour of drivers in tunnels in hazardous situations. It was discovered that in situations like this many people often react inadequately and too late. The collected data were used to develop new concepts that improve behaviour in hazardous situations in tunnels. In recent years, new safety systems that improve braking behaviour in hazardous situations have been installed in vehicles. However, for end users it is difficult to compare different systems because they have no access to suitable assessments. The EU project ASSESS (Assessment of Integrated Vehicle Safety Systems for improved vehicle safety) in which BASt is involved as a key partner therefore developed a uniform procedure for assessment and legal questions. Many European countries agree: Alcohol, drugs and medication in road traffic constitute a safety risk on European roads. In order to gain new insights and to develop suitable countermeasures, the European Commission approved of the largest research project to improve road safety to date: DRUID (Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines). This BASt-coordinated project took five years and involved institutes from 18 European countries. The result is a comprehensive stock taking and concrete suggestions on measures to be taken. A mayor part of the work of BASt also comprises extension and maintenance of the entire road infrastructure. The report "How will we make constructions in the future: Road construction without oil?" for instance examines the question how we will maintain and extend our roads in the future with resources becoming scarcer and more expensive. Furthermore, the campaign "on" the road plays a major part at BASt. For years there has been a shortage of parking spaces for trucks on federal highways. To remedy this situation, BAST has developed a new control approach: The so-called compact parking system increases capacities and uses them more effectively by parking trucks in a line according to their planned departure time.
There is a need for detecting characteristics of pedestrian movement before car-pedestrian collisions to trigger a fully reversible pedestrian protection system. For this purpose, a pedestrian sensor system has been developed. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the sensor system, the in-depth knowledge of car-pedestrian impact scenarios is needed. This study aims at the evaluation of the sensor system. The accident data are selected from the STRADA database. The accident scenarios available in this database were evaluated and the knowledge of the most common scenarios was developed in terms of the pedestrian trajectory, the pedestrian speed, the car trajectory, the car velocity, etc. A mathematical model was then established to evaluate the sensor system with different detective angles. It was found that in order to detect all the pedestrians in the most common scenarios on time the sensor detective angle must be kept larger than 60 degrees.
The overall purpose of the ASSESS project is to develop a relevant and standardised set of test and assessment methods and associated tools for integrated vehicle safety systems, primarily focussing on currently available pre-crash sensing systems. The first stage of the project was to define casualty relevant accident scenarios so that the test scenarios will be developed based on accident scenarios which currently result in the greatest injury outcome, measured by a combination of casualty severity and casualty frequency. The first analysis stage was completed using data from a range of accident databases, including those which were nationally representative (STATS19, UK and STRADA, SE) and in-depth sources which provided more detailed parameters to characterise the accident scenarios (GIDAS, DE and OTS, UK). A common analysis method was developed in order to compare the data from these different sources, and while the data sets were not completely compatible, the majority of the data was aligned in such a way that allowed a useful comparison to be made. As the ASSESS project focuses on pre-crash sensing systems fitted to passenger cars, the data selected for the analysis was "injury accidents which involved at least one passenger car". The accident data analysis yielded the following ranked list of most relevant accident scenarios: Rank Accident scenario 1 Driving accident - single vehicle loss of control 2 Accidents in longitudinal traffic (same and opposite directions) 3 Accidents with turning vehicle(s) or crossing paths in junctions 4 Accidents involving pedestrians The ranked list highlights the relatively large role played by "accidents in longitudinal traffic", and "accidents with turning vehicle(s) or crossing paths in junctions" (the second and third most prevalent accident scenarios, respectively). The pre-crash systems addressed in ASSESS propose to yield beneficial safety outcomes with specific regard to these accident scenarios. This indicates that the ASSESS project is highly relevant to the current casualty crash problem. In the second stage of the analysis a selection of these accident scenarios were analysed further to define the accident parameters at a more detailed level .This paper describes the analysis approach and results from the first analysis stage.