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Among European Countries, Spain first issued a Standard, UNE 135900:2005, further updated in 2008, that deals with homologation and effectiveness evaluation of road restraint systems components designed to reduce harm for bikers impacting on them. An in depth analysis and critical review of this standard is reported in this paper. Beside a close examination of the standard requirements, numerical models of the crash test stated by the standard have been set up and simulated to study the effects of slight speed and approach angle variations on test results, remaining within tolerance gaps allowed by the standard. Model were validated against experimental data. Together with the expected increasing severity of the impact according with speed, a strong influence of approach angle on injury parameters was found. Possible improvements to the norm, in order to make it more robust, are suggested.
Im Beitrag wird über Rissbildungen in orthotropen Fahrbahnplatten, die im "Schubzahn" des Querträgerstegblechs von den Anschlussschweissnähten trapezförmiger Längsträger ausgehen, berichtet. Der Rissausgangspunkt liegt im Bereich der Ausnehmung des Querträgersteges für die durchlaufenden Längsträger. Durch Optimierung der Querträgerausnehmung und örtliche Verstärkung (Aufpflasterung) des Querträgerstegblechs im Bereich des Schubzahnes soll eine dauerhafte Instandsetzung der aufgetretenen Schäden ermöglicht werden. Durch genauere numerische und versuchstechnische Untersuchungen soll diese Aussage untermauert werden. Einzelheiten der bereits durchgeführten Untersuchungen werden mitgeteilt.
Detailed anthropometric data of pregnant women have been collected and used in the development of a computational model of the pregnant occupant model "Expecting". The model is complete with a finite element uterus and multi-body fetus, which is a novel feature in the models of this kind. The computational pregnant occupant model has been validated and used to simulate a range of impacts. The strains developed in the utero-placental interface are used as the main criteria for fetus safety. Stress distributions due to inertial loading of the fetus on the utero-placental interface play a role on the strain levels. Inclusion of fetus model is shown to significantly affect the strain levels in the utero-placental interface. This series of studies has led to the design of seatbelt features specifically for the pregnant women to enable them use the seatbelt correctly and comfortably.