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- Data acquisition (56)
- Geschwindigkeit (56)
- Development (55)
- Speed (55)
- injury) (55)
- Entwicklung (54)
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- Verletzung) (54)
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- Driving (veh) (38)
- Modification (38)
- Motorcyclist (38)
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- Motorway (38)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (38)
- Pkw (38)
- Use (38)
- Education (37)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (37)
- Prognose (37)
- Rechenmodell (37)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (37)
- Accident rate (36)
- Data bank (36)
- Erziehung (36)
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- Lorry (36)
- Mathematical model (36)
- Verkehrssteuerung (36)
- Belastung (35)
- Durability (35)
- Load (35)
- Organisation (35)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (35)
- Verkehrsstärke (35)
- Verminderung (35)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (34)
- Driver assistance system (34)
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- Traffic control (34)
- Urban area (34)
- Veränderung (34)
- Design (overall design) (33)
- Fahranfänger (33)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (33)
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- Verkehrserhebung (33)
- Child (32)
- Decrease (32)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (32)
- Kosten (32)
- Modell (32)
- Passive safety system (32)
- Recently qualified driver (32)
- Road network (32)
- Straßennetz (32)
- Vehicle occupant (32)
- Head on collision (31)
- Highway design (31)
- Lkw (31)
- Alte Leute (30)
- Condition survey (30)
- Cost (30)
- Impact test (veh) (30)
- Straßenentwurf (30)
- Zustandsbewertung (30)
- Accident reconstruction (29)
- Attitude (psychol) (29)
- Information (29)
- Old people (29)
- Skill (road user) (29)
- Surfacing (29)
- Traffic count (29)
- Active safety system (28)
- Driver training (28)
- Driving aptitude (28)
- Erste Hilfe (28)
- Jugendlicher (28)
- Knotenpunkt (28)
- Risikobewertung (28)
- Adolescent (27)
- Ausrüstung (27)
- Equipment (27)
- Gestaltung (27)
- Motorrad (27)
- Norm (tech) (27)
- Sachschaden (27)
- Verkehrsfluss (27)
- Administration (26)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (26)
- Concrete (26)
- Damage (26)
- Decke (Straße) (26)
- Einstellung (psychol) (26)
- Emission (26)
- Fahrausbildung (26)
- First aid (26)
- Legislation (26)
- Motorcycle (26)
- Risk assessment (26)
- Road construction (26)
- Straßenbau (26)
- Traffic concentration (26)
- Beton (25)
- Bituminous mixture (25)
- Gesetzgebung (25)
- Instandsetzung (25)
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- Layout (25)
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- Bearing capacity (24)
- Bituminöses Mischgut (24)
- Deformation (24)
- Numerisches Modell (24)
- Quality assurance (24)
- Qualitätssicherung (24)
- Tragfähigkeit (24)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (24)
- Verwaltung (24)
- Digital model (23)
- Festigkeit (23)
- Freeway (23)
- Maintenance (23)
- Model (not math) (23)
- Unterhaltung (23)
- Verformung (23)
- Construction (22)
- Fahrgeschicklichkeit (22)
- Forschungsarbeit (22)
- Lebenszyklus (22)
- Spannbeton (22)
- Specification (standard) (22)
- Database (21)
- Economic efficiency (21)
- PKW (21)
- Prestressed concrete (21)
- Strength (mater) (21)
- Wirtschaftlichkeit (21)
- Bau (20)
- Baustelle (20)
- Error (20)
- Fire (20)
- Information documentation (20)
- Kontrolle (20)
- Landstraße (20)
- Oberfläche (20)
- Sicherheitsgurt (20)
- Surface (20)
- Surveillance (20)
- Transport infrastructure (20)
- Verhütung (20)
- Anthropometric dummy (19)
- Cost benefit analysis (19)
- Head (19)
- Kopf (19)
- Life cycle (19)
- Rural road (19)
- Technologie (19)
- Technology (19)
- Water (19)
- Before and after study (18)
- Bindemittel (18)
- Binder (18)
- Construction site (18)
- Eigenschaft (18)
- Environment (18)
- Fehler (18)
- Grenzwert (18)
- Griffigkeit (18)
- Limit (18)
- Metal bridge (18)
- Organization (association) (18)
- Perception (18)
- Pollutant (18)
- Properties (18)
- Quality (18)
- Qualität (18)
- Safety belt (18)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (18)
- Straßenverkehr (18)
- Temperatur (18)
- Temperature (18)
- Traffic lane (18)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (18)
- Vorher Nachher Untersuchung (18)
- Wahrnehmung (18)
- Wasser (18)
- Betonstraße (Oberbau) (17)
- Biomechanics (17)
- Biomechanik (17)
- Cracking (17)
- Emergency (17)
- Fahrleistung (17)
- Notfall (17)
- Reinforcement (in mater) (17)
- Research project (17)
- Rigid pavement (17)
- Rissbildung (17)
- Road user (17)
- Side impact (17)
- Skidding resistance (17)
- Standardisierung (17)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (17)
- Traffic regulations (17)
- Umwelt (17)
- Vehicle mile (17)
- Witterung (17)
- Age (16)
- Alter (16)
- Articulated vehicle (16)
- Bremsung (16)
- Experience (human) (16)
- Fahrstreifen (16)
- Fahrzeugsitz (16)
- Gelenkfahrzeug (16)
- Kapazität (Straße) (16)
- Medical aspects (16)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (16)
- Reinforced concrete (16)
- Schutzhelm (16)
- Sensor (16)
- Standardization (16)
- Traffic restraint (16)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (16)
- Airbag (15)
- Bewehrung (15)
- Bitumen (15)
- Boden (15)
- Braking (15)
- Comprehension (15)
- Crash helmet (15)
- Detection (15)
- Drunkenness (15)
- Dummy (15)
- EU (15)
- Erfahrung (menschl) (15)
- Leg (human) (15)
- Lärm (15)
- Mobilität (15)
- Seat (veh) (15)
- Software (15)
- Soil (15)
- Stahlbeton (15)
- Stahlbrücke (15)
- Trunkenheit (15)
- Verkehrsbeschränkung (15)
- Weather (15)
- Air pollution (14)
- Auffahrunfall (14)
- Bicycle (14)
- Bus (14)
- Classification (14)
- Decision process (14)
- Entscheidungsprozess (14)
- Experimental road (14)
- Fahrrad (14)
- Fahrstabilität (14)
- International (14)
- Klassifizierung (14)
- Krankenhaus (14)
- Luftverunreinigung (14)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (14)
- Noise (14)
- Organization (14)
- Rear end collision (14)
- Schadstoff (14)
- Telematik (14)
- Vehicle handling (14)
- Baustoff (13)
- Bauwerk (13)
- Brustkorb (13)
- Communication (13)
- Droge (13)
- Drugs (13)
- Engineering structure (13)
- Expert opinion (13)
- Fahrtauglichkeit (13)
- Flexible pavement (13)
- Gutachten (13)
- Güterverkehr (13)
- Hospital (13)
- Human factor (13)
- Medical examination (13)
- Menschlicher Faktor (13)
- Messgerät (13)
- Mobility (13)
- Personal (13)
- Personnel (13)
- Psychologie (13)
- Psychology (13)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (13)
- Versuchsstrecke (13)
- Überschlagen (13)
- Aggregate (12)
- Apparatus (measuring) (12)
- Automatisch (12)
- Beam (12)
- Delivery vehicle (12)
- Driver information (12)
- Führerschein (12)
- Kommunikation (12)
- Laboratorium (12)
- Level of service (12)
- Lichtsignal (12)
- Material (constr) (12)
- Nachhaltige Entwicklung (12)
- Orthotropic plate (12)
- Stability (12)
- Sustainability (12)
- Telematics (12)
- Time (12)
- Traffic signal (12)
- Verkehrsqualität (12)
- Verständnis (12)
- Air bag (restraint system) (11)
- Asphaltstraße (Oberbau) (11)
- Austria (11)
- Bein (menschl) (11)
- Capacity (road, footway) (11)
- Carriageway marking (11)
- Datenverarbeitung (11)
- Deicing (11)
- Ermüdung (mater) (11)
- Fahrbahn (11)
- Fahrbahnmarkierung (11)
- Fahrerinformation (11)
- Fatigue (mater) (11)
- Feuer (11)
- Finite element method (11)
- Impact test (11)
- Interior (veh) (11)
- Japan (11)
- Krankheit (11)
- Oberflächentextur (11)
- Ort (Position) (11)
- Overturning (veh) (11)
- School (11)
- Schule (11)
- Sound (11)
- Standfestigkeit (11)
- Thorax (11)
- USA (11)
- Unfallschwerpunkt (11)
- Sichtbarkeit (11)
- Winter maintenance (11)
- Winterdienst (11)
- Zuschlagstoff (11)
- Österreich (11)
- Accident black spot (10)
- Aufmerksamkeit (10)
- Auftaumittel (10)
- Balken (10)
- Behinderter (10)
- Beinahe Unfall (10)
- Brand (10)
- Bremse (10)
- Chemical analysis (10)
- Chemische Analyse (10)
- Data processing (10)
- Digitale Bildverarbeitung (10)
- Driving (10)
- Driving test (10)
- Einsatzfahrzeug (10)
- Emergency vehicle (10)
- Fahreignung (10)
- Fahrprüfung (10)
- Fahrsimulator (10)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (10)
- Feinstaub (10)
- Jahr (10)
- Location (10)
- Nacht (10)
- Near miss (10)
- Night (10)
- Nitrogen oxide (10)
- Occupation (10)
- Policy (10)
- Politik (10)
- Psychological aspects (10)
- Psychological examination (10)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (10)
- Psychologische Untersuchung (10)
- Public transport (10)
- Publicity (10)
- Reaction (human) (10)
- Reaktionsverhalten (10)
- Residential area (10)
- Sample (stat) (10)
- Schall (10)
- Stadtplanung (10)
- Stichprobe (10)
- Town planning (10)
- Traffic density (10)
- United Kingdom (10)
- Verkehrszusammensetzung (10)
- Werbung (10)
- Wohngebiet (10)
- Zeit (10)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (10)
- Adaptation (psychol) (9)
- Anpassung (psychol) (9)
- Antikollisionssystem (9)
- Attention (9)
- Blood alcohol content (9)
- Blutalkoholgehalt (9)
- Brake (9)
- Cement (9)
- Coefficient of friction (9)
- Cycle track (9)
- Detektion (9)
- Dynamics (9)
- Dynamik (9)
- Einbau (9)
- Eye movement (9)
- Front (9)
- Gemeindeverwaltung (9)
- Gesetzesübertretung (9)
- Highway traffic (9)
- Illness (9)
- Image processing (9)
- In situ (9)
- Konzentration (chem) (9)
- Kunststoff (9)
- Laboratory (not an organization) (9)
- Laying (9)
- Local authority (9)
- Manufacture (9)
- Particulate matter (9)
- Pavement (9)
- Pavement Management System (9)
- Probability (9)
- Radweg (9)
- Reibungsbeiwert (9)
- Road traffic (9)
- Schutzeinrichtung (9)
- Shear (9)
- Sichtbarkeit (9)
- Simulator (driving) (9)
- Steifigkeit (9)
- Stickoxid (9)
- Stiffness (9)
- Surface texture (9)
- Traffic composition (9)
- Traffic engineering (9)
- Verbundbrücke (9)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (9)
- Wirbelsäule (9)
- Zement (9)
- Abbiegen (8)
- Anti locking device (8)
- Augenbewegungen (8)
- Automatic (8)
- Bend (road) (8)
- Berufsausübung (8)
- Bevölkerung (8)
- Blood (8)
- Blut (8)
- Bridge deck (8)
- CEN (8)
- Carriageway (8)
- Cervical vertebrae (8)
- Composite bridge (8)
- Concentration (chem) (8)
- Durchlässigkeit (8)
- Ebenheit (8)
- Ecobalance (8)
- Electronic stability program (8)
- Financing (8)
- Finanzierung (8)
- Fracture (bone) (8)
- Frau (8)
- Fuge (8)
- Geschichte (8)
- Government (national) (8)
- Halswirbel (8)
- Herstellung (8)
- History (8)
- Immission (8)
- Innenstadt (8)
- Intelligent transport system (8)
- Intelligentes Transportsystem (8)
- Joint (structural) (8)
- Knochenbruch (8)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Fahrer) (8)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (8)
- Oberbau (8)
- Offence (8)
- Offender (8)
- Orthotrope Fahrbahntafel (8)
- Permeability (8)
- Personality (8)
- Persönlichkeit (8)
- Plastic material (8)
- Querschnitt (8)
- Rechtsübertreter (8)
- Rehabilitation (8)
- Reinforcement (gen) (8)
- Severity (acid (8)
- Straßenkurve (8)
- Stress (psychol) (8)
- Town centre (8)
- Vegetation (8)
- Vehicle regulations (8)
- Verarbeitbarkeit (8)
- Verkehrsablauf (8)
- Verkehrsuntersuchung (8)
- Verstärkung (allg) (8)
- Wearing course (8)
- Workability (8)
- Year (8)
- Ökobilanz (8)
- Abdichtung (7)
- Accompanied driving (7)
- Alignment (7)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (7)
- Audit (7)
- Auftrag (7)
- Begleitetes Fahren (7)
- Betriebshof (7)
- Bruch (mech) (7)
- Brückenbelag (7)
- China (7)
- Collision avoidance system (7)
- Compliance (specif) (7)
- Continuous (7)
- Contract (7)
- Cross section (7)
- Deckschicht (7)
- Disabled person (7)
- Driving licence (7)
- Eins (7)
- Elektrofahrzeug (7)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (7)
- Entdeckung (7)
- Fahrbahntafel (7)
- France (7)
- Frankreich (7)
- Frequency (7)
- Führerschein Punktesystem (7)
- Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung (7)
- Goods traffic (7)
- Interchange (7)
- Knee (human) (7)
- Kontinuierlich (7)
- Lieferfahrzeug (7)
- Linienführung (7)
- One (7)
- Optimum (7)
- Overtaking (7)
- Point demerit system (7)
- Pollution (7)
- Pollution concentration (7)
- Population (7)
- Rehabilitation (road user) (7)
- Reifen (7)
- Reproducibility (7)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (7)
- Retraining of drivers (7)
- Risk taking (7)
- Rückfalltäter (7)
- Safety fence (7)
- Sample (mater) (7)
- Seite (7)
- Spinal column (7)
- Spreading (7)
- Stahl (7)
- Steel (7)
- Stress (7)
- Traffic survey (7)
- Tragschicht (7)
- Tunnel lining (7)
- Tunnelauskleidung (7)
- Tyre (7)
- Verkehrsverflechtung (7)
- Waterproofing (7)
- Wear (7)
- Weight (7)
- Wet road (7)
- Winkel (7)
- Woman (7)
- Überholen (7)
- Activity report (6)
- Ageing (6)
- Angle (6)
- Annual average daily traffic (6)
- Anschlussstelle (6)
- Arbeitsgruppe (6)
- Arzneimittel (6)
- Asphaltoberbau (6)
- Auswahl (6)
- Bepflanzung (6)
- Bridge surfacing (6)
- Case law (6)
- Case study (6)
- Compaction (6)
- Compatibility (6)
- Contact (tyre road) (6)
- Defect (tech) (6)
- Deflection (6)
- Depot (transp) (6)
- Design (6)
- Distraction (6)
- Druck (6)
- Durchbiegung (6)
- Eindringung (6)
- Electric vehicle (6)
- Empfindlichkeit (6)
- Evakuierung (6)
- Evenness (6)
- Fahrernachschulung (6)
- Fahrzeugabstand (6)
- Failure (6)
- Fallstudie (6)
- Fiber reinforced concrete (6)
- Gas (6)
- Gesundheit (6)
- Health (6)
- Human body (6)
- Impact sled (6)
- Incident detection (6)
- India (6)
- Indien (6)
- Information management (6)
- JDTV (6)
- Knie (menschl) (6)
- Kompatibilität (6)
- Langfristig (6)
- Lenken (Fahrzeug) (6)
- Life-cycle (6)
- Long term (6)
- Mechanics (6)
- Mechanik (6)
- Medication (6)
- Menschlicher Körper (6)
- Merging traffic (6)
- Mittelwert (6)
- Nasse Straße (6)
- Network (traffic) (6)
- Nutzwertanalyse (6)
- Penetration (6)
- Platte (6)
- Portugal (6)
- Post crash (6)
- Pressure (6)
- Provisorisch (6)
- Quer (6)
- Rechtsprechung (6)
- Recidivist (6)
- Recycling (6)
- Roadbase (6)
- Schutz (6)
- Selection (6)
- Sensitivity (6)
- Shock (6)
- Slab (6)
- Speed limit (6)
- Spurrinne (6)
- Steering (process) (6)
- Straßenverkehrstechnik (6)
- Tag (24 Stunden) (6)
- Technische Vorschriften (Kraftfahrzeug) (6)
- Temporary (6)
- Theorie (6)
- Theory (6)
- Transverse (6)
- Trend (stat) (6)
- Tätigkeitsbericht (6)
- Umweltschutz (6)
- Value analysis (6)
- Variable message sign (6)
- Vehicle spacing (6)
- Verdichtung (6)
- Verkehrsnetz (6)
- Verteilung (mater) (6)
- Vorn (6)
- Vorschrifteneinhaltung (6)
- Wechselverkehrszeichen (6)
- Welding (6)
- Windschutzscheibe (6)
- Working group (6)
- Zusammensetzung (6)
- Ablenkung (psychol) (5)
- Abnutzung (5)
- Absorption (5)
- Acceleration (5)
- Accessibility (5)
- Akzeptanz (5)
- Alcohol (5)
- Alkohol (5)
- Alterung (mater) (5)
- Analyse (Math) (5)
- Animal (5)
- Arbeitsbedingungen (5)
- Aufbereitungsanlage (5)
- Aufprallschlitten (5)
- Ausführungsfehler (5)
- Average (5)
- Ballungsgebiet (5)
- Bauweise (5)
- Beschichtung (5)
- Beschilderung (5)
- Beschleunigung (5)
- Betriebsverhalten (5)
- Bottleneck (5)
- Breite (5)
- Coach (5)
- Coating (5)
- Control (5)
- Conurbation (5)
- Correlation (math, stat) (5)
- Cycling (5)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (5)
- Depth (5)
- Diffusion (5)
- Earthworks (5)
- Economics (5)
- Einfahrt (5)
- Eingabedaten (5)
- Emission control (5)
- Emissionskontrolle (5)
- Engpass (5)
- Erdarbeiten (5)
- Ergonomics (5)
- Ergonomie (5)
- Evacuation (5)
- Exhaust aftertreatment (5)
- Expert system (5)
- Expertensystem (5)
- Fahrtüchtigkeit (5)
- Fahrzeugrückhaltesystem (5)
- Faserbewehrter Beton (5)
- Fatigue (human) (5)
- Fleet of vehicles (5)
- Frequenz (5)
- Full depth asphalt pavement (5)
- Genauigkeit (5)
- Geschwindigkeitsminderung (bauliche Elemente) (5)
- Goods transport (5)
- Haftung (jur) (5)
- Hard shoulder (5)
- Heat (5)
- In service behavior (5)
- Incident management (5)
- Input data (5)
- Installation (5)
- Itinerary (5)
- Kleintransporter (5)
- Koordinierte Signalsteuerung (5)
- Korn (5)
- Korngestuftes Mineralgemisch (5)
- Layer (5)
- Length (5)
- Liability (5)
- Linked signals (5)
- Longitudinal (5)
- Man (5)
- Mann (5)
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Institut
- Sonstige (1109) (entfernen)
Seit nun rund sechs Jahren wird die vom Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur (BMVI) und dem Deutschen Verkehrssicherheitsrat (DVR) initiierte Verkehrssicherheitskampagne "Runter vom Gas!" fortgeführt. Die neuen Motivserien "Lebensretter" (2013) und "Scheinbar schöne Welt" (2014) sprechen neben dem Hauptthema der nicht angepassten Fahrgeschwindigkeit ein breites Spektrum weiterer problematischer Verhaltensweisen im Straßenverkehr an. Das Evaluationsprojekt umfasst eine Medienresonanzanalyse und eine Umfragestudie zur Bekanntheit und Bewertung des Kampagnenguts. Die Medienresonanzanalyse zeigt, dass der Verlauf der Medienberichterstattung über die "Lebensretter"-Motivlinie stark von früheren Motivlinien abwich. Während bei den zurückliegenden Wellen vor allem über den Kampagnenstart berichtet wurde, konzentrierte sich die Berichterstattung dieses Mal auf die Aktion "Udo Walz trägt Helm" sowie die Vorstellung der Verkehrsunfallstatistik im August 2013. Insgesamt wurde die "Lebensretter"-Motivlinie zwar seltener, jedoch etwas positiver als die meisten vorhergehenden Motivlinien bewertet. Die Ausweitung der Kampagnenziele schlug sich in der Medienberichterstattung nieder. Die Befunde der repräsentativen Umfragestudie zeigen, dass die Bekanntheit der Kampagne "Runter vom Gas!" in der Bevölkerungsbreite leicht rückläufig ist. Beide Motivserien werden zwar durchaus positiv bewertet; die "Lebensretter"-Serie schneidet jedoch im Vergleich zur Motivlinie "Scheinbar schöne Welt" und auch zu vorangegangenen Kampagnenwellen schlechter ab. Insbesondere bei der Risikogruppe der jungen Fahrer scheint die in dieser Motivserie gewählte mahnende Ansprachestrategie nicht optimal anzukommen. Aus den Befunden der beiden Studien werden eine Reihe von Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet, insbesondere eine gestalterische Weiterentwicklung hin zu mehr Aktivierung unter Berücksichtigung des Kampagnenmottos, eine stärkere Nutzung von Online-Kanälen sowie eine Ausdifferenzierung der Zielgruppen und der entsprechenden Kampagnenarchitektur.
Das Sicherheitsaudit stellt einen wesentlichen Bestandteil des Sicherheitsmanagements von Straßen in der Planungsphase dar. Ein aktueller systematischer Überblick über die Auditpraxis in den Ländern sowie über die Verbreitung in Kommunen lag jedoch bisher nicht vor. Ziel war es daher, zunächst Wissenslücken bezüglich der tatsächlichen Anwendung und der organisatorischen Verankerung des Sicherheitsaudits zu schließen. Hierfür erfolgten zunächst eine Recherche zur Anwendung von Sicherheitsaudits auf Länder- und kommunaler Ebene sowie eine Erhebung zu durchgeführten Audits. In diesem Zusammenhang erfolgte auch ein Erfahrungsaustausch mit Auditoren von Straßenbauverwaltungen der Länder sowie mit Auditoren von Stadtverwaltungen. Darüber hinaus wurden jeweils 200 Auditberichte zu außer- und innerörtlichen Maßnahmen einschließlich der zugehörigen Stellungnahmen ausgewertet. Darauf aufbauend erfolgte die detaillierte Untersuchung ausgewählter auditierter Maßnahmen, die bereits realisiert und unter Verkehr waren und für die ein Unfallgeschehen von mindestens drei Jahren nach Verkehrsfreigabe vorlag. Während die Gespräche zum Erfahrungsaustausch weitestgehend übereinstimmende Aussagen im Hinblick auf die Auditierung von außer- und innerörtlichen Maßnahmen erbracht haben, haben die Auswertungen der jeweils 200 Audits wie auch die Detailauswertung der Audits von Außerorts- und Innerortsstraßen zu unterschiedlichen Erkenntnissen geführt. Abschließend wurden Empfehlungen zur Weiterentwicklung der Auditpraxis in Deutschland sowie zur Übernahme in die Fortschreibung der ESAS abgeleitet. Der wesentliche Baustein im Zusammenhang mit der Fortschreibung der ESAS war die Erarbeitung von Defizitlisten, die zukünftig in elektronischer Form zur Verfügung stehen sollen und anhand derer ein Audit auf Vollständigkeit überprüft werden kann. Ferner sollen sie für eine Dokumentation und Auswertung der Auditergebnisse genutzt werden können.
A flexible pedestrian legform impactor (FlexPLI) with biofidelic characteristics is aimed to be implemented within global legislation on pedestrian protection. Therefore, it is being evaluated by a technical evaluation group (Flex-TEG) of GRSP with respect to its biofidelity, robustness, durability, usability and protection level (Zander, 2008). Previous studies at the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) and other laboratories already showed good progress concerning the general development, but also the need for further improvement and further research in various areas. An overview is provided of the different levels of development and all kinds of evaluation activities of the Flex-TEG, starting with the Polar II full scale pedestrian dummy as its origin and ending up with the latest legform impactor built level GTR that is expected to be finalized by the end of the year 2009. Using the latest built levels as a basis, gaps are revealed that should be closed by future developments, like the usage of an upper body mass (UBM), the validation of the femur loads, injury risk functions for the cruciate knee ligaments and an appropriate certification method. A recent study on an additional upper body mass being applied for the first time to the Flex-GT is used as means of validation of recently proposed modified impact conditions. Therefore, two test series on a modern vehicle front using an impactor with and without upper body mass are compared. A test series with the Flex-GTR will be used to study both the comparability of the impact behavior of the GT and GTR built level as well as the consistency of test results. Recommendations for implementation within legislation on pedestrian protection are made.
The advent of active safety systems calls for the development of appropriate testing methods. These methods aim to assess the effectivity of active safety systems based on criteria such as their capability to avoid accidents or lower impact speeds and thus mitigate the injury severity. For prospective effectivity studies, simulation becomes an important tool that needs valid models not only to simulate driving dynamics and safety systems, but also to resolve the collision mechanics. This paper presents an impact model which is based on solving momentum conservation equations and uses it in an effectivity study of a generic collision mitigation system in reconstructed real accidents at junctions. The model assumes an infinitely short crash duration and computes output parameters such as post-crash velocities, delta-v, force directions, etc. and is applicable for all impact collision configurations such as oblique, excentric collisions. Requiring only very little computational effort, the model is especially useful for effectivity studies where large numbers of simulations are necessary. Validation of the model is done by comparison with results from the widely used reconstruction software PC-Crash. Vehicles involved in the accidents are virtually equipped with a collision mitigation system for junctions using the software X-RATE, and the simulations (referred to as system simulations) are started sufficiently early before the collision occurred. In order to assess the effectivity, the real accident (referred to as baseline) is compared with the system simulations by computing the reduction of the impact speeds and delta-v.
Event Data Recorder (EDR) is an additional function installed in airbag control module (ACM) to record vehicle and occupant information for a brief period of time before, during, and after a crash event. EDRs are now being installed in ACMs by several automakers in the USA and in Japan. The aim of this study is to understand the performance of EDRs for the improvement of accident reconstruction with more reliable information. In the first report of the study, data obtained from EDRs of seven vehicle types were evaluated using 2006-2007 J-NCAP (Japanese new car assessment program) full-lap frontal barrier crash tests and offset frontal deformable barrier crash tests data. For more practical standpoint, we conducted thirteen crash tests reconstructing typical real-world accidents such as single vehicle accidents with barriers or poles, car to car accidents and multi rear-end collisions focusing on Japanese typical accident types. Data obtained from EDRs are compared with data obtained from optical speed sensor, instrumented accelerometers and high speed video cameras. The velocities determined from pre-crash data of EDRs and the maximum change in velocity, delta-V, and delta-V time history data obtained from post-crash data of EDRs are analyzed. The results are as follows: - Pre-crash velocities of EDRs were very accurate and reliable. An average difference between the EDR recording values and reference speeds was 4.2% and a root mean square of the differences was 9.2%. Only two cases resulted large differences for the pre-crash velocity. Both of them were cases with braking prior to the collision. However, another test with braking resulted less difference. The braking condition may influence accuracy of pre-crash velocities. - Maximum delta-Vs obtained from the EDRs showed uncertainty of measurement in several cases in comparisons with the reliable delta-V data. The differences in maximum delta-V were more than 10% in five of twenty-five events data and more than 20% in two of twenty-five events data. An average of the all differences was about 4% and root mean square of the differences was about 11%. Especially large deformation at narrow area may influence accuracy of post-crash delta-V. - Multiple rear-end crash tests were reconstructed using EDRs data as case studies. Some EDRs recorded two events and a time gap between two events, so that these reconstruction case studies were very accurate and reliable. - If though only one of three vehicles in multiple rear end crash was equipped EDR, overview and velocities of all cars may be reconstructed using these limited EDR data. In this case study, leading car- EDR data and middle car- EDR data were valuable. However if only following car was equipped EDR, the reconstruction was not accurate
Among European Countries, Spain first issued a Standard, UNE 135900:2005, further updated in 2008, that deals with homologation and effectiveness evaluation of road restraint systems components designed to reduce harm for bikers impacting on them. An in depth analysis and critical review of this standard is reported in this paper. Beside a close examination of the standard requirements, numerical models of the crash test stated by the standard have been set up and simulated to study the effects of slight speed and approach angle variations on test results, remaining within tolerance gaps allowed by the standard. Model were validated against experimental data. Together with the expected increasing severity of the impact according with speed, a strong influence of approach angle on injury parameters was found. Possible improvements to the norm, in order to make it more robust, are suggested.
Providing effective occupant protection in rollover crashes requires supplying the occupant with a restraint system proven effective in the dynamic rollover accident mode. Preventing ejection and providing restraint sufficient to prevent potentially injurious contacts with both interior and exterior vehicle components is paramount for effective rollover occupant protection. Research has shown that the injury potential can be decreased by closely coupling the occupant to the seat. This paper focuses on the effect of restraint system slack and its relationship to occupant excursion and ejection potential during rollover. Various restraint system configurations are evaluated in rollover-type test environments. A review of prior research is presented prior to presenting new quasi-static vehicle inversion studies conducted with live surrogate occupants. Additionally, dynamic rollover testing utilizing anthropometric test devices (ATDs) is presented. The influence of belt looseness and effects of various restraint designs on the belted occupants' injury potential are discussed.
It is well known that most accidents with pedestrians are caused by the driver not being alert or misinterpreting the situation. For that reason advanced forward looking safety systems have a high potential to improve safety for this group of vulnerable road users. Active pedestrian protection systems combine reduction of impact speed by driver warning and/or autonomous braking with deployment of protective devices shortly before the imminent impact. According to the Euro NCAP roadmap the Autonomous Emergency Braking system tests for Pedestrians Protection will be set in force from 2016 onwards. Various projects and organisations in Europe are developing performance tests and assessment procedures as accompanying measures to the Euro NCAP initiative. To provide synthesised input to Euro NCAP so-called Harmonisation Platforms (HP-) have been established. Their main goal is to foster exchange of information on key subjects, thereby generating a clear overview of similarities and differences on the approaches chosen and, on that basis, recommend on future test procedures. In this paper activities of the Harmonisation Platform 2 on the development of Test Equipment are presented. For the testing targets that mimic humans different sensing technologies are required. A first set of specifications for pedestrian targets and the propulsion systems as collected by Harmonisation Platform 2 are presented together with a first evaluation for a number of available tools.
The primary goal of this investigation was to determine the relative risk of traffic accidents in students. In a two year period, a survey amongst 2,325 students was carried out, and 3,645 injuries sustained by students treated at our hospital were analyzed. Moped-riding in adolescents were associated with a 23.75-fold increased risk for injury as compared to biking. Children who ride bicycles have a 2.2-fold increased risk for an injury sustained by traffic accidents compared to pedestrians. None of 50 injured bicycle riders with helmet had an AIS for head injuries of more than 2. 24 of 233 injured bicycle drivers without helmet had an AIS for head injuries of more than 2. The use of a protective helmet significantly reduced the severity of head injuries. The level of awareness towards danger and a history of previous accidents correlate with the likelihood of future accidents. Due to the severity of traffic accidents, more adequate prevention measures (wearing of bicycle helmets and better education for moped riders) are urgently needed.
The PDB, BASt and Opel conducted two test series to evaluate possible effects on the results obtained using the EEVC WG17 Lower Legform Impactor as a test tool for the assessment of pedestrian safety. The reproducibility and repeatability of the test results were assessed using six legform impactors while keeping the test parameters constant. In the second series one impactor was used and the test parameters were varied to assess the effects on the readings of the legform. The test parameters were velocity, temperature, relative humidity, the point of first contact regarding the deviation in z-direction and the deviations of the pitch, roll and yaw angle. The tests were performed using an inverse setup, i.e. the legform was hit by a guided linear impactor equipped with a honeycomb deformation element. This setup was chosen to be able to vary each single parameter while avoiding variations of the other test parameters at the same time. The test parameters were varied stronger than allowed in regulatory use in order to determine possible dependencies between the parameters and the readings which were acceleration, bending angle and shear displacement.
Evaluation of the performance of competitive headforms as test tools for interior headform testing
(2009)
The European Research Project APROSYS has evaluated the interior headform test procedure developed by EEVC WG 13, representing the head contact in the car during a lateral impact. One important aspect within this test procedure was the selection of an appropriate impactor. The WG13 procedure currently uses the Free Motion Headform as used within the FMVSS 201. The ACEA 3.5 kg headform used in Phase 1 of the European Directive and the future European Regulation on Pedestrian Protection is still discussed as a possible alternative. This paper reports work performed by the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) as a part of the APROSYS Task 1.1.3. The study compares the two headform impactors according to FMVSS and ACEA, in a series of basic tests in order to evaluate their sensitivity towards different impact angles, impact accuracy, the effect of differences to impactors of the same type and the effects of the repeatability and reproducibility of the test results. The test surface consisted of a steel tube covered with PU foam and PVC, representing the car interior to be tested. Despite of the higher mass of the FMH the HIC values of this impactor were generally lower than those of the ACEA headform. The FMH showed a higher repeatability of test results but a high sensitivity on the angle of roll, the spherical ACEA impactor performed better with regards to the reproducibility. In case of the ACEA impactor-, the angle of roll had no influence.
Aim of the study was to evaluate the protective effect of bicycle helmets particularly considering injuries to the head and to the face. Accidents with the participation of bicyclists which occurred from 2000 to 2007 were chosen from GIDAS. We observed that injuries to the head and face were more severe in the group of non-helmeted riders. There seems to be no significant difference in injuries with AIS 3-6. Altogether 26 cyclists were killed. 2 of them wore a helmet (1% of helmeted cyclists), 24 did not (1% of non-helmeted cyclists). Only one killed rider (without helmet) did not suffer from polytrauma (only head injuries recorded). The findings seem to support the thesis of a preventive effect of the bicycle helmet, however the two groups are different in their characteristics related to riding speed. Necessarily we need a multivariate model to evaluate the effect of helmets.
The paper gives an overview of the recent (mostly 2012) figures of killed bus/coach occupants (drivers and passengers) in 27 Member States of the European Union as reported by CARE. The Evolution of the figures of bus/coach occupants killed in road accidents urban, rural without motorway and on motorways from 1991 to 2010 in 15 Member States of the EU supplements this information. More detailed are the figures reported for Germany by the Federal Statistics. The paper displays long-term evaluations (1957 to 2012) for killed, seriously and slightly injured occupants in all kinds of buses/coaches. Midterm evaluations (1995 to 2012) of the figures of fatalities and casualties are displayed for different busses according to their identification of road using as coaches, urban buses, school buses, trolley buses and "other buses". To be able to compare the evolutions of the safety of vehicle occupants it is customary to use different risk indicators. Calculations and illustrations for three often used indicators with their development over time are given: fatalities, seriously injured and slightly injured per 100,000 vehicles registered, per 1 billion (109) vehicle-kilometres travelled and per 1 billion (109) person-kilometres. These indicators are shown for occupants of cars, goods vehicles and buses/coaches. For the period from 1957 until 2012 it is obvious, that for all three vehicle categories analysed there was a clear long-term trend towards more occupant safety in terms of casualties per vehicles registered and per vehicle mileage. This was most significant for car occupants but it can be seen for bus/coach occupants and goodsvehicle occupants as well. Figures of killed occupants and of casualties related to person-kilometres are calculated and displayed for the shorter period 1995 to 2012. Here it becomes obvious that the bus/coach is still the safest mode of transport for the occupants of road vehicles. Graphs for the casualty risk indices still show significantly higher risks for car occupants despite the corresponding curve moved sustainable downwards. It is remarkable, that the risks of being killed or injured for the occupants of urban buses is growing whereas the corresponding risk for the occupants of coaches in line traffic tends downwards. The article ends with a short comparison and discussion of the risk indicators which are actually published for the occupants (driver and passengers) of cars and the passengers of buses/coaches, railroads, trams and airplanes. The interpretation of such information depends on the perception and it seems that for a complete view not only one indicator should be used and the evolutions of the indicator values during longer periods (as displayed with examples in the paper) should also be taken into account.
Mobility plays an important role in the Federal Republic of Germany. Motorised private transport and, consequently, passenger vehicles are the crucial factor. Vehicles should be environmentally and socially compatible yet also economically efficient at the same time. The crucial factor for pollution of the environment from road traffic is the exhaust emissions of the vehicles on the road. This is why, with the Directive 98/69/EC and the related introduction of exhaust emission standard Euro 3, the testing of the conformity of passenger and light commercial vehicles (in-service conformity check) was introduced. Vehicles already on the roads are to be examined again under type examination conditions (Type I Test) after a statistical selection process. In this way it is to be ensured that the systems and components relevant for the exhaust emissions of a vehicle will also function after several thousand kilometres. This is why the vehicles are checked again during in-service conformity check with respect to their limited pollution components. Due to the ever greater significance of CO2 emissions, both the CO2 emissions and the fuel consumption were included in this research project. For the success of such a project the choice of vehicle is of critical importance. Since this is the only way it is possible to also obtain a representative result. Therefore, in addition to the selection criteria required by law, statistical and technical criteria are also considered. The vehicle owners were selected on a random basis. All test vehicles were checked with respect to their pollutant components in the emissions laboratory in accordance with their standard. By law the same testing conditions apply in an in-service conformity check as in the relevant type approval. In this research project a total of 17 vehicle types were examined. Six types were equipped with positive-ignition engines and 11 types with compression ignition engines. Both groups were to each include vehicles of the limits Euro 4 and Euro 5. For vehicle types with positive-ignition engines, there was one type with the exhaust emission standard Euro 5. All others satisfied the exhaust emission standard Euro 4. For the vehicle types with compression ignition engines, 4 types satisfied exhaust emission standard Euro 5 and 7 types fulfilled exhaust emission standard Euro 4. Among the vehicle types with compression ignition and exhaust emission standard Euro4, there were 4 types of category M1 and 3 types of category N1 of class III. The aim of the research project is to examine the exhaust emissions in-service conformity of passenger and light commercial vehicles in operation to draw conclusions concerning the durability of engine components and systems for exhaust emission treatment. Overall in this in-service conformity testing programme, we were able, in accordance with the statistical procedure, to assess all 17 of the vehicle types tested as "positive". With the exception of one vehicle type, it was possible to conclude the random test for all vehicle types tested with the minimum random sample. This means that all 3 vehicles of one type in as-delivered condition complied with or fell below the respective limits for pollutant emissions according to the criteria of the statistical procedure. In the case of one vehicle type, where the random sample had to be enlarged, it was necessary to examine a total of 8 vehicles. Furthermore, with all vehicle types the CO2-emissions and fuel consumption (Type I Test) were determined to subsequently compare the measured CO2 emissions with those of the manufacturers. Of the 17 vehicle types examined, eleven vehicle types complied with the relevant manufacturers" values or fell below them. With six vehicle types, the CO2 emissions were more than the permissible 4% above the manufacturer- value during the Type I Test.
High demands on exhaust emissions of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles require complex technologies. The three-way catalytic converter is an essential part of state of the art emission control systems. If a catalytic converter is damaged or its effectiveness deteriorates, it can be replaced by a replacement converter. Replacement catalytic converters from the aftermarket are approved on the basis of Regulation No 103 of the UNECE - United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. According to this regulation the replacement catalytic converter shall be designed, constructed and capable of being mounted so as to enable the vehicle to comply with the provisions taken as a basis for its type approval. Furthermore the pollution emissions must be effectively limited throughout the entire normal service life of the vehicle under normal operating conditions. In the context of the research project, the durability of replacement catalytic converters was examined. A VW Golf with emission standard Euro 4, 1.4 l petrol engine (55 kW) was selected as a test vehicle. At the start of the examinations, the vehicle showed a mileage of 75,000 km. The selected vehicle was regularly serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. No emission-relevant faults were recorded by the OBD system. The initial control measurement of the vehicle in as-delivered condition with the originally installed catalytic converter showed that the corresponding emissions of the regulated pollutants were considerably below the Euro 4 emission limits to be applied. Subsequently, an original replacement catalytic converter, which was purchased from an authorised dealer, and 4 catalytic converters purchased in the independent aftermarket, were examined. The replacement catalytic converters were conditioned according to the specifications of ECE Regulation No 103 and then measured in new condition. The catalytic converters were then aged on a burner test rig. Here a total mileage of 80,000 km was simulated. After 10,000 km and 40,000 km, the ageing was interrupted and the exhaust gas emissions of the test vehicle with the aged catalytic converters were measured. The examination was ended as soon as a limit value had been exceeded. The results of the project indicate that with the replacement systems for the after-treatment of exhaust gases available in the independent aftermarket, considerable quality differences can occur. At the end of the ageing over a distance of 80,000 km only the original replacement catalytic converter and one replacement catalytic converter from the independent aftermarket complied with the Euro 4 emission limits. With one replacement catalytic converter, the Euro 4 emission limits were already exceeded in new condition. With another replacement catalytic converter, the examination was aborted after 10,000 km ageing and with a further catalytic converter after 40,000 km ageing due to the Euro 4 emission limits being exceeded. The ECE Regulation No 103 provides for a test of durability of such systems over 80,000 km, but also alternatively enables the use of fixed deterioration factors. In practice, the durability of the replacement systems for the after-treatment of exhaust gases is guaranteed by their manufacturers. However, replacement catalytic converters are rarely inspected as part of the approval. In-use compliance provisions for replacement systems for the after-treatment of exhaust gases are not mentioned in the corresponding specifications. The results of this study indicate that the requirements in the ECE Regulation No 103 are not adequate to ensure the durability of replacement catalytic converters.
Data concerning accidents involving personal injury which have been collected in the context of in-depth investigations on scene in the Hannover area since 1973 and in the Dresden area since 1999 represent an important basis for empirical traffic safety research. At national and international level various analyses and comparisons are carried out on the basis of "in-depth data" from the above mentioned investigations. In-depth data play a decisive role e.g. within the validation of EuroNCAP results on secondary safety (crashworthiness) of individual passenger car models. Thus, statistically sound methods of data analysis and population parameter estimation are of high importance. Since the 1st of August 1984 the "in-depth investigations on scene" in the Hannover area have been carried out according to a sampling plan developed by HAUTZINGER in the context of a research project on behalf of BASt. In the meantime a second region of in-depth investigation on scene was added with surveys in Dresden and the surrounding area. Internationally, the acronym GIDAS (German In-Depth Accident Study) is commonly used for the two above mentioned surveys. The objective of a current research project (topic of this contribution) is, among other things, to examine and adjust the previous weighting and expansion method for the two regional accident investigations to the current general conditions.
An der Fortbildungsakademie der Ärztekammer Nordrhein werden in einem 16-Stunden-Kurs Qualifizierungen zum Fachgutachter/zur Fachgutachterin für verkehrsmedizinische Begutachtung in Kooperation mit unterschiedlichen Fachreferenten aus den verschiedenen klinischen Bereichen durchgeführt. Leistungskontrollen zum Kursinhalt, ein intensives Arbeiten an Fallbeispielen oder gar eine fachliche Begleitung der ersten Gutachten sind nicht generell vorgegeben, wenngleich in Evaluationen zum Kurs insbesondere eine fallorientierte Ausbildung und eine Supervision zumindest in ersten eigenen Begutachtungen von den Teilnehmern/Teilnehmerinnen gewünscht werden. Auf der Grundlage der Erfahrungen der Autoren mit der Leitung/Moderation der entsprechenden Fachfortbildungen der Ärztekammer Nordrhein wurden das bestehende Curriculum kritisch diskutiert und Anregungen zur Umstrukturierung erarbeitet, die im Einzelnen vorgestellt werden. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Konzept auf der Basis des "blended learning": Via Internet wird vertiefendes Lehrmaterial für die verschiedenen Fachbereiche der medizinischen Begutachtung unter verkehrsmedizinischen Fragestellungen zur Bearbeitung angeboten. Die Bearbeitung selbst kann online kontrolliert und bei Bedarf auch mit Lerninhaltsüberpruefungen verknüpft werden. Zusätzlich können Fallbeispiele anonymisiert vorgelegt und mit tatsächlich ausgesprochenen Begutachtungen bereitgestellt werden. Weiterhin wird eine qualifizierte Begleitung zumindest zu Beginn der Gutachtertätigkeit angeregt.
Since 2005, the motorcycle crash fatalities in the US exceeded 10% of the overall annual traffic fatalities. Consequently, it has become critical to gain in-depth understanding of the factors and characteristics contributing to motorcycle crashes. Unfortunately, there currently exists no database gathering the necessary information for an in-depth analysis of the US motorcycle crashes. So this study utilizes the NASS/CDS database (National Automotive Sampling System, Crashworthiness Data System) in order to gain insights into the patterns and factors leading to a NASS/CDS motorcycle crash, from 1997 to 2007. NASS/CDS samples about 5,000 passenger car tow-away crashes per year. Each case includes photographs and detailed data on crash and pre-crash characteristics, vehicle types, trajectories, types of impact, and other pertinent roadway and crash scene information, allowing an in-depth investigation of the crash mechanisms. However, the NASS/CDS sampling process specifically focuses on passenger car crashes, so the cases extracted only correspond to crashes in which a passenger vehicle was towed, and a motorcycle was somehow involved. Thus, a by-hand in-depth review of about 200 cases allowed retrieving 106 relevant crashes for this study, tending to represent the severe passenger vehicle(s) versus motorcycle(s) crashes on US roads. The findings lead to the conclusion that these crashes mostly result from the low conspicuity of the motorcycle, and from the inability of the car drivers to fully appreciate and anticipate the behavior of a motorcycle. Indeed, it has been shown that, first, the car drivers involved in these cases did not attempt any avoidance maneuver, second, they were largely of ages under 25, and finally, the majority of the crashes were in an intersection scenario. In addition, the two major scenarios unveiled were the car attempting a left turn from the opposite direction and the car attempting a left turn from the right. The paper mentions several solutions to enhance the motorcycle- conspicuity and to allow the car drivers to better anticipate its behavior, which seem to be key factors in the intersection-related crashes (and more generally in the passenger vehicle(s) versus motorcycle(s) crashes).
In der "Fahranfängerbefragung 2014" wurden ab März 2014 bundesweit 2.478 Teilnehmer am "Begleiteten Fahren ab 17 Jahre" kurz nach dem Beginn ihrer Begleitphase befragt. Von 834 dieser 17-Jährigen liegt auch ein Fragebogen aus der Wiederholungsbefragung gegen Ende der BF17-Teilnahme vor. Zudem haben 783 Begleiter einen Fragebogen ausgefüllt. Parallel wurden bundesweit 925 18-jährige Fahranfänger in den ersten drei Monaten ihres Fahrerlaubnisbesitzes einmalig befragt. Auch zu diesen Fahranfängern liegen zuordenbare Antworten von 373 Eltern vor. BF17-Teilnehmer beginnen ihre Fahrausbildung etwa 1,8 Monate vor dem 17. Geburtstag. Durchschnittlich verbringen die Jugendlichen 8,4 Monate im BF17 und fahren dabei ca. 2.500 km. Fast ein Viertel nutzt die maximal mögliche Dauer von zwölf Monaten aus und erbringt dabei eine Fahrleistung von über 3.600 km. Die Fahrausbildung der 18-Jährigen beginnt etwa 2,8 Monate vor dem 18. Geburtstag. Aus Sicht der 18-jährigen Fahranfänger sprach am häufigsten die fehlende Zeit gegen die Teilnahme am BF17. Die Befunde verweisen ferner auf ein Wissensdefizit unter jungen Erwachsenen hinsichtlich des Wirkmodells des Fahrerfahrungsaufbaus unter Begleitung und damit auf ein Kommunikationsdefizit im Rahmen der Fahranfängervorbereitung. Für 18-Jährige lässt sich eine jährliche Fahrleistung von ca. 5.300 km errechnen. Im Bericht finden sich Basisdaten zu vielen weiteren Aspekten der Exposition und des Fahrverhaltens 17- und 18-jähriger junger Fahrer. Für BF17-Teilnehmer werden die Kommunikationssituation während der Begleitfahrten und Einstellungen zum BF17 sowie zu Perspektiven seiner Weiterentwicklung berichtet. Optimierungspotenziale hinsichtlich der Verlängerung der Verweildauer im BF17, der Erhöhung des Fahrleistungsumfangs, der Einwirkung auf die Übungsqualität und der Verbreiterung der Teilnahmequote werden vor allem in der Verkehrserziehung und -aufklärung gesehen. Entsprechende Ansatzpunkte der Verkehrssicherheitskommunikation werden skizziert.
Fahranfänger werden im Rahmen spezifischer, international unterschiedlich ausgestalteter Vorbereitungssysteme auf die motorisierte Verkehrsteilnahme vorbereitet. Diese Systeme sind historisch gewachsen und von länderspezifischen ökonomischen, infrastrukturellen, rechtlichen und kulturellen Gegebenheiten geprägt. Für eine vergleichende Systembetrachtung wurde unter Rückgriff auf forschungsmethodische Ansätze der Vergleichenden Politikwissenschaft und lehr-lerntheoretische Grundlagen ein begrifflicher Rahmen erarbeitet, der eine Systembeschreibung und -analyse anhand funktional unterscheidbarer Lehr-Lernformen und Prüfungsformen ermöglicht. Im Bericht werden die Systeme der Fahranfängervorbereitung von 44 Ländern dargestellt. Die Beschreibungen basieren auf Befragungen von Experten verschiedener Institutionen (Verkehrsministerien, Fahrlehrerverbände, Prüforganisationen) sowie auf Literatur- und Internetrecherchen. Bei der Länderauswahl wurden " neben europäischen Ländern mit einer traditionell stark ausgeprägten formalen Fahrschulausbildung " auch "Graduated Driver Licensing"-Systeme berücksichtigt, die vor allem in der englischsprachigen Welt in Übersee anzutreffen sind. Sie sind durch die Gewährleistung eines umfangreichen Fahrerfahrungsaufbaus unter niedrigen Risikobedingungen durch Begleitetes Fahren ("supervised driving") vor dem Beginn des selbständigen Fahrens und protektive Sonderregelungen für Fahranfänger beim weiteren Fahrerfahrungsaufbau in der Anfangsphase des selbständigen Fahrens gekennzeichnet. Die Ergebnisse ermöglichen einen detaillierten Einblick in die länderspezifische Ausgestaltung der Fahranfängervorbereitung mit den Bestandteilen der formalen Fahrausbildung in Fahrschulen, informeller Lehr-Lernformen wie des Begleiteten Fahrenlernens, zu absolvierender Fahrerlaubnisprüfungen sowie rechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen und qualitätssichernder Maßnahmen. Vor dem Hintergrund von Evaluationsbefunden zur Sicherheitswirksamkeit wird die Funktionalität von Systembestandteilen und -architekturen diskutiert.