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Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (404) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (324)
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- Analysis (math) (63)
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- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (59)
- Severity (accid, injury) (57)
- Tödlicher Unfall (56)
- Fatality (55)
- Safety (54)
- Sicherheit (53)
- Reconstruction (accid) (52)
- Bewertung (50)
- Evaluation (assessment) (49)
- Simulation (49)
- Datenbank (46)
- Fußgänger (45)
- Pedestrian (45)
- injury) (45)
- On the spot accident investigation (43)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (43)
- Verletzung) (43)
- Car (42)
- Data acquisition (42)
- Datenerfassung (42)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (42)
- Severity (accid (40)
- Cause (39)
- Driver (39)
- Ursache (39)
- Fahrer (37)
- Fahrzeug (37)
- Unfallverhütung (36)
- Collision (35)
- Vehicle (35)
- Zusammenstoß (35)
- Anfahrversuch (34)
- Accident prevention (31)
- Radfahrer (31)
- Cyclist (30)
- Data bank (30)
- Accident reconstruction (29)
- Test (29)
- Europa (28)
- Europe (28)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (28)
- Prüfverfahren (28)
- Test method (28)
- Head on collision (27)
- Motorcyclist (27)
- Motorradfahrer (27)
- Versuch (27)
- Geschwindigkeit (26)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (25)
- Impact test (veh) (25)
- Method (25)
- Speed (25)
- Active safety system (24)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (24)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (23)
- Risiko (23)
- Verfahren (23)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (22)
- Insasse (22)
- Driver assistance system (21)
- Efficiency (21)
- PKW (21)
- Alte Leute (20)
- Passive safety system (20)
- Pkw (20)
- Interview (19)
- Old people (19)
- Risk (19)
- Vehicle occupant (19)
- Child (17)
- Kind (17)
- Prevention (17)
- Accident rate (16)
- Benutzung (16)
- Improvement (16)
- Sicherheitsgurt (16)
- Use (16)
- Verbesserung (16)
- Anthropometric dummy (15)
- Behaviour (15)
- Biomechanics (15)
- Biomechanik (15)
- Motorrad (15)
- Risikobewertung (15)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (15)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (15)
- Verhalten (15)
- Berechnung (14)
- Database (14)
- Head (14)
- Kopf (14)
- Measurement (14)
- Messung (14)
- Motorcycle (14)
- Risk assessment (14)
- Safety belt (14)
- Side impact (14)
- Specifications (14)
- Calculation (13)
- Digital model (13)
- Driving aptitude (13)
- Leg (human) (13)
- Numerisches Modell (13)
- Richtlinien (13)
- Verminderung (13)
- Auffahrunfall (12)
- Brustkorb (12)
- Decrease (12)
- Development (12)
- Dummy (12)
- Entwicklung (12)
- Fahrzeugsitz (12)
- Rear end collision (12)
- Rechenmodell (12)
- Überschlagen (12)
- Airbag (11)
- Error (11)
- Fahrzeugführung (11)
- Human factor (11)
- Legislation (11)
- Mathematical model (11)
- Menschlicher Faktor (11)
- Prognose (11)
- Schutzhelm (11)
- Seat (veh) (11)
- Skill (road user) (11)
- Bremsung (10)
- Crash helmet (10)
- Driving (veh) (10)
- EU (10)
- Fahranfänger (10)
- Fehler (10)
- Gesetzgebung (10)
- Overturning (veh) (10)
- Recently qualified driver (10)
- Thorax (10)
- Tunnel (10)
- Air bag (restraint system) (9)
- Austria (9)
- Bein (menschl) (9)
- Braking (9)
- Deformation (9)
- Driver training (9)
- Front (9)
- Instandsetzung (9)
- Japan (9)
- Krankenhaus (9)
- Lorry (9)
- Metal bridge (9)
- Modification (9)
- Orthotropic plate (9)
- Planning (9)
- Repair (9)
- Sachschaden (9)
- Stahlbrücke (9)
- Verhütung (9)
- Veränderung (9)
- Österreich (9)
- Age (8)
- Alter (8)
- Bemessung (8)
- Blood alcohol content (8)
- Blutalkoholgehalt (8)
- Bridge (8)
- Damage (8)
- Drunkenness (8)
- Forecast (8)
- Hospital (8)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (8)
- Planung (8)
- Road network (8)
- Straßennetz (8)
- Trunkenheit (8)
- Verformung (8)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (8)
- Wirbelsäule (8)
- Antikollisionssystem (7)
- Belastung (7)
- Blood (7)
- Blut (7)
- Cracking (7)
- Design (overall design) (7)
- Einstellung (psychol) (7)
- Erste Hilfe (7)
- Erziehung (7)
- Expert opinion (7)
- Fahrausbildung (7)
- Fahreignung (7)
- Fracture (bone) (7)
- Frau (7)
- Gutachten (7)
- Illness (7)
- Impact study (7)
- International (7)
- Knee (human) (7)
- Knochenbruch (7)
- Krankheit (7)
- Load (7)
- Medical examination (7)
- Policy (7)
- Politik (7)
- Rissbildung (7)
- Standardisierung (7)
- Transport infrastructure (7)
- USA (7)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (7)
- Adolescent (6)
- Air pollution (6)
- Attitude (psychol) (6)
- Cervical vertebrae (6)
- Chemical analysis (6)
- Chemische Analyse (6)
- China (6)
- Collision avoidance system (6)
- Cost benefit analysis (6)
- Detection (6)
- Education (6)
- Fahrgeschicklichkeit (6)
- Halswirbel (6)
- Human body (6)
- Impact test (6)
- India (6)
- Indien (6)
- Interior (veh) (6)
- Jugendlicher (6)
- Knie (menschl) (6)
- Knotenpunkt (6)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Fahrer) (6)
- Luftverunreinigung (6)
- Menschlicher Körper (6)
- Nitrogen oxide (6)
- Ort (Position) (6)
- Orthotrope Fahrbahntafel (6)
- Portugal (6)
- Road construction (6)
- Software (6)
- Spinal column (6)
- Standardization (6)
- Steifigkeit (6)
- Stiffness (6)
- Straßenbau (6)
- Traffic (6)
- Verkehr (6)
- Vorn (6)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (6)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (6)
- Woman (6)
- Analyse (Math) (5)
- Angle (5)
- Bau (5)
- Bearing capacity (5)
- Bremse (5)
- Brücke (5)
- Classification (5)
- Construction (5)
- Correlation (math, stat) (5)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (5)
- Decision process (5)
- Delivery vehicle (5)
- Detektion (5)
- Droge (5)
- Drugs (5)
- Durability (5)
- Eins (5)
- Electronic stability program (5)
- Entscheidungsprozess (5)
- Fahrstabilität (5)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (5)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (5)
- Finite element method (5)
- First aid (5)
- Forschungsarbeit (5)
- France (5)
- Frankreich (5)
- Highway (5)
- Information (5)
- Klassifizierung (5)
- Location (5)
- Main road (5)
- Medical aspects (5)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (5)
- Mobility (5)
- Mobilität (5)
- Oberfläche (5)
- One (5)
- Post crash (5)
- Research project (5)
- Schweissen (5)
- Sensor (5)
- Stickoxid (5)
- Straße (5)
- Surface (5)
- Surfacing (5)
- Technologie (5)
- Technology (5)
- Tragfähigkeit (5)
- United Kingdom (5)
- Vehicle handling (5)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (5)
- Welding (5)
- Winkel (5)
- Abdomen (4)
- Alcohol test (4)
- Alkoholtest (4)
- Arbeitsgruppe (4)
- Autobahn (4)
- Automatisch (4)
- Balken (4)
- Beam (4)
- Berufsausübung (4)
- Bicycle (4)
- Blech (4)
- Boden (4)
- Brake (4)
- Camera (4)
- Coefficient of friction (4)
- Collision test (veh) (4)
- Compatibility (4)
- Concentration (chem) (4)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (4)
- Distraction (4)
- Driver information (4)
- Dynamics (4)
- Dynamik (4)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (4)
- Estimation (4)
- Fahrdatenschreiber (4)
- Fahrrad (4)
- Fahrtüchtigkeit (4)
- Fire (4)
- Geschichte (4)
- History (4)
- Impact sled (4)
- Information documentation (4)
- Junction (4)
- Kamera (4)
- Kompatibilität (4)
- Kontrolle (4)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (4)
- LKW (4)
- Lieferfahrzeug (4)
- Life cycle (4)
- Lkw (4)
- Man (4)
- Mann (4)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (4)
- Modell (4)
- Nanotechnologie (4)
- Nanotechnology (4)
- Oberflächentextur (4)
- Occupant (veh) (4)
- Occupation (4)
- Organisation (4)
- Oxid (4)
- Oxide (4)
- Probability (4)
- Quer (4)
- Regression analysis (4)
- Regressionsanalyse (4)
- Reibungsbeiwert (4)
- Reinforcement (gen) (4)
- Reproducibility (4)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (4)
- Rigid pavement (4)
- Risk taking (4)
- Road user (4)
- Schrägseilbrücke (4)
- Schweden (4)
- Seite (4)
- Sheet (metal) (4)
- Sichtbarkeit (4)
- Soil (4)
- Stadt (4)
- Stayed girder bridge (4)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (4)
- Surface texture (4)
- Surveillance (4)
- Titan (4)
- Titanium (4)
- Traffic regulations (4)
- Transverse (4)
- Unfallfolgemaßnahme (4)
- Unterleib (4)
- Urban area (4)
- Verstärkung (allg) (4)
- Sichtbarkeit (4)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (4)
- Working group (4)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (Unfall) (3)
- Ablenkung (psychol) (3)
- Adaptation (psychol) (3)
- Administration (3)
- Advanced driver assistance system (3)
- Anpassung (psychol) (3)
- Arzneimittel (3)
- Attention (3)
- Aufmerksamkeit (3)
- Aufprallschlitten (3)
- Auftrag (3)
- Ausrüstung (3)
- Australia (3)
- Australien (3)
- Automatic (3)
- Autonomes Fahren (3)
- Autonomes Fahrzeug (3)
- Autonomous driving (3)
- Autonomous vehicle (3)
- Befreiung (Bergung) (3)
- Bein (3)
- Beinahe Unfall (3)
- Beschichtung (3)
- Betonstraße (Oberbau) (3)
- Blickfeld (3)
- Brand (3)
- Bridge deck (3)
- Brückenbelag (3)
- Cable (3)
- Case law (3)
- Cement (3)
- Coating (3)
- Concrete (3)
- Contract (3)
- Cost (3)
- Crash test (3)
- Czech Republic (3)
- Decke (Straße) (3)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (3)
- Digitale Bildverarbeitung (3)
- Earthworks (3)
- Effectiveness (3)
- Electric vehicle (3)
- Elektrofahrzeug (3)
- Environment (3)
- Equipment (3)
- Erdarbeiten (3)
- Ermüdung (mater) (3)
- Event data recorder (road vehicle) (3)
- Extrication (3)
- Fahrbahntafel (3)
- Fahrsimulator (3)
- Field of vision (3)
- Financing (3)
- Finanzierung (3)
- Fuge (3)
- Fugenfüllung (3)
- Gefahrenabwehr (3)
- Gemeindeverwaltung (3)
- Genauigkeit (3)
- Gesetzesdurchführung (3)
- Government (national) (3)
- Grenzwert (3)
- Griffigkeit (3)
- Hazard (3)
- Head restraint (3)
- Installation (3)
- Joint (structural) (3)
- Kleidung (3)
- Konzentration (chem) (3)
- Kopfstütze (3)
- Korea (Süd) (Demokratische Republik) (3)
- Kosten (3)
- Langfristig (3)
- Lebenszyklus (3)
- Limit (3)
- Local authority (3)
- Long term (3)
- Medication (3)
- Model (not math) (3)
- Montage (3)
- Motorway (3)
- Near miss (3)
- Netherlands (3)
- Niederlande (3)
- Norm (tech) (3)
- Orthotrope Platte (3)
- Overlapping (3)
- Passenger (3)
- Personal (3)
- Personnel (3)
- Police (3)
- Polizei (3)
- Psychologie (3)
- Psychology (3)
- Public transport (3)
- Reaction (human) (3)
- Reaktionsverhalten (3)
- Rechtsprechung (3)
- Recording (3)
- Rehabilitation (3)
- Rehabilitation (road user) (3)
- Reinforcement (in mater) (3)
- Republic of Korea (3)
- Run off the road (accid) (3)
- Schutzeinrichtung (3)
- Security (3)
- Severity (acid (3)
- Shock (3)
- Simulator (driving) (3)
- Skidding resistance (3)
- Spain (3)
- Spanien (3)
- Specification (standard) (3)
- Steife (Brücke) (3)
- Stiffener (Bridge) (3)
- Straßenverkehr (3)
- Theorie (3)
- Theory (3)
- Tschechische Republik (3)
- Umwelt (3)
- Unfallschwerpunkt (3)
- United kingdom (3)
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- Versuchspuppe (3)
- Verwaltung (3)
- Vorne (3)
- Zement (3)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (3)
- Abbiegen (2)
- Abdichtung (2)
- Acceleration (2)
- Accident black spot (2)
- Accident proneness (2)
- Accuracy (2)
- Adult (2)
- Aggression (psychol) (2)
- Alcohol (2)
- Alkohol (2)
- Anti locking device (2)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (2)
- Audit (2)
- Aufzeichnung (2)
- Automatische Notbremsung (2)
- Autonomous emergency braking (2)
- Ballungsgebiet (2)
- Behinderter (2)
- Beschleunigung (2)
- Beton (2)
- Bewehrung (2)
- Blutkreislauf (2)
- Body (car) (2)
- Bremsweg (2)
- Bridge surfacing (2)
- Budget (2)
- Bus (2)
- CEN (2)
- Chromatographie (2)
- Chromatography (2)
- Circulation (blood) (2)
- Clothing (2)
- Coach (2)
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- Composite bridge (2)
- Condition survey (2)
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- Continuous (2)
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- Crash victim (2)
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- Crossing the road (2)
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- Data base (2)
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- Fahrbahnüberquerung (2)
- Fahrerinformation (2)
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- Haftung (jur) (2)
- Harmonisation (2)
- High performance concrete (2)
- Highway design (2)
- Hinten (2)
- Input data (2)
- Intelligent transport system (2)
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- Kommunikation (2)
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- Lärmschutzwand (2)
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- Methode der finite Elemente (2)
- Mittelwert (2)
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- Nutzwertanalyse (2)
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- Organization (2)
- Organization (association) (2)
- Output (2)
- PVC (2)
- Penetration (2)
- Polyvinylchloride (2)
- Posture (2)
- Privatisierung (2)
- Properties (2)
- Prototyp (2)
- Prototype (2)
- Psychological aspects (2)
- Psychological examination (2)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (2)
- Psychologische Untersuchung (2)
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- Quality (2)
- Qualität (2)
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- Rail traffic (2)
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- Retraining of drivers (2)
- Ringanalyse (2)
- Risikoverhalten (2)
- Road traffic (2)
- Rücksichtslosigkeit (2)
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- Schienenverkehr (2)
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- Turn (2)
- Tyre tread (2)
- Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung (2)
- Unfallneigung (2)
- Unfallopfer (2)
- Unterhaltung (2)
- Value analysis (2)
- Vegetation (2)
- Vehicle regulations (2)
- Verantwortung (2)
- Verbundbrücke (2)
- Vorschrifteneinhaltung (2)
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- Water (2)
- Waterproofing (2)
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- Whiplash injury (2)
- Windschutzscheibe (2)
- Zeit (2)
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- Überlappung (2)
- (menschl) (1)
- Abgaben (1)
- Ability (road user) (1)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (1)
- Ablenkung (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Abstandsregeltempomat (1)
- Acceptability (1)
- Accident data (1)
- Accident prone location (1)
- Accident severity (1)
- Active safety (1)
- Active safety system; Automatic; Brake; Car; Collision avoidance system; Conference; Driver assistance system; Germany; Impact test (veh); Rear end collision; Severity (accid (1)
- Activity report (1)
- Adaptive cruise controll (1)
- Addiction (1)
- Aesthetics (1)
- Aethanol (1)
- Aged people (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aggression (psycho) (1)
- Aggressiveness (psychol) (1)
- Air quality management (1)
- Air traffic control (1)
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- Aktive Sicherheit (1)
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- Analyses (math) (1)
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- Animal (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
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- Beton ; Betonstraße (Oberbau) (1)
- Bevölkerung (1)
- Bicyclist (1)
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- Bone (1)
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- Chest (1)
- Clay (1)
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- Comprehension (1)
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- Computation (1)
- Conference; Germany; Injury; Medical examination; Spinal column; X ray (1)
- Contact (tyre (1)
- Contractor (1)
- Cooperative intelligent transport system (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Costs (1)
- Crash Test (1)
- Critical path method (1)
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The need of passive safety devices, able to reduce the accidents and the severity of injuries suffered by motorcyclist, distinctly arises from data on accident statistics. In this paper, the effectiveness of an airbag device fitted in the biker- garments has been verified through various numerical simulations. Two simple test conditions were defined, in order to investigate the performance of the device both for back and front impacts, and simulated at various impact speeds. With the aim of providing more information about the actual capability of the airbag to reduce the severity of the injuries, one of accident scenario described by ISO 13232:2005 has been also investigated, checking the real effectiveness of the airbag strap-based firing system too. Confrontation of injury indexes resulting from simulation with and without airbag made possible a realistic evaluation of the harm reduction induced by the airbag presence.
Among European Countries, Spain first issued a Standard, UNE 135900:2005, further updated in 2008, that deals with homologation and effectiveness evaluation of road restraint systems components designed to reduce harm for bikers impacting on them. An in depth analysis and critical review of this standard is reported in this paper. Beside a close examination of the standard requirements, numerical models of the crash test stated by the standard have been set up and simulated to study the effects of slight speed and approach angle variations on test results, remaining within tolerance gaps allowed by the standard. Model were validated against experimental data. Together with the expected increasing severity of the impact according with speed, a strong influence of approach angle on injury parameters was found. Possible improvements to the norm, in order to make it more robust, are suggested.
Tree impacts are still one of the most important focal points of road deaths in Germany. For the year 2008, the latest figures in the national statistics show a share of 28% of road users killed in crashes with trees alongside a road amongst all crashes on rural roads (except the Autobahn). The official German statistics show the attribute "impact on a tree" since 1995. For this first reported year, the share of road users killed in such crashes was 30%. During the last 14 years, fatal accidents with road users killed on rural roads (except the Autobahn) after impacts on a tree declined by 60% from 1,737 (year 1995) to 696 (year 2008). But this is more or less in line with the general evolution of vehicle and traffic safety in Germany. For Germany as a whole the accident statistics do not show a reduction for "treer crashes" which is clearly more than the average for all accidents. But, as shown with the paper, there are different evolutions in the several German States. In public awareness the topic "tree impacts" is mostly associated with the situation in Germany after the reunification. At that time a lot of road users were killed on the avenues in the so called "new countries". The fact that "tree impacts" are still a big share within the figure of killed road users seems to be little-known. Using updated information coming from the official statistics and in-depth-studies, accident researchers can identify a big potential for further improvements of traffic safety on the associated district roads, state roads and federal highways. There is still a need to analyse more details of the accident occurrence with impacts on trees to generate new and updated findings on the current limits and potentials of measures to improve vehicle and traffic safety. To make further efforts in reducing the figures of victims of "tree impacts" the intensification of well-known conventional solutions " for example implementation of guard rails and reduction of speed - is an option. Measures related to vehicle safety technology especially in the field of primary (active) safety will have additional benefit within the physically imposed limits. With this background it can be seen that the subject "tree impacts" should be analysed with a holistic approach taking into account the entire system of driver, vehicle, road, the environment and a social consensus as well.
Over the past two decades the popularity of consumer crash test programs, commonly referred to as New Car Assessment Programs (NCAP), has grown across the world. They are popular among government regulators as they afford a means of promoting safety innovations and levels of vehicle performance beyond those dictated by national standards. They also fulfill the demand for information regarding the safety ranking of vehicles among consumers contemplating the purchase of a new vehicle. There is no question that consumer crash test programs greatly influence vehicle design changes as well as accelerate the fitment of new safety features. The extent to which these changes can be expected to reduce serious and potentially fatal injuries will be influenced by how well the testing protocols and associated rating schemes correctly reflect the nature of the residual safety problem they seek to address. Drawing on data contained primarily in the US National Automotive Sampling System (NASS), the field relevance of current and proposed testing and rating protocols addressing frontal crash test protection is examined. Emphasis is placed on examining how accurately injury rates computed from the dummy responses measured in consumer crash tests correspond to actual injury rates observed in the field. Additional data from Canadian field investigations and US databases such as the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey (NMVCCS) are examined to see how well frontal airbag firing times, crush pulse durations and other determinants of injury are replicated in consumer testing protocols. This portion of the analysis draws on data obtained from Event Data Recorders (EDR) in both field collisions and staged tests of the same vehicle model. Vehicle rankings and overall frontal crash test ratings were found to be particularly sensitive to the choice of injury risk functions employed in the test. This was particularly true in the case of injury risk functions used to assess neck injury potential. Neck injury risk derived from Nij was found to show the least agreement with the field. Agreement between field chest injury rates and those derived from crash tests was improved considerably when chest injury risk functions for "older" occupants were employed. The paper concludes with a discussion of how different current testing protocols could be improved to enhance their field relevance.
Females sustain Cervical Spine Distortion injury (CSD) more often than males. Most work dealing with the biomechanics background (e.g. injury mechanism/criteria) as well as the application in seat design/testing, focuses on the occupant model of an average male. Therefore the EU-Project ADSEAT (Adaptive Seat to Reduce Neck Injuries for Female and Male Occupants) is aimed at adding a female model for gender balanced research of CSD and improving seat design. An extensive literature review, searching for risk factors and injury criteria for males and females, was accompanied by the evaluation of different databases containing CSD cases. The database evaluations suggests that an anthropometry quite close to the 50%ile female anthropometry as known from crash test dummy design is appropriate. The results presented here form the basis for the future development of a computational female model and the improvement of seat design for better protection of both males and females in the frame of the ADSEAT-Project.
In India, heavy truck crashes on national highways account for a number of fatalities. But due to lack of in-depth crash data, detailed analysis is not possible to determine injury mechanisms, and to identify infrastructure, vehicle and human factors affecting these crashes. Over the past two years, researchers in India have established a crash investigation network, with the co-operation of the police and hospitals, to conduct crash investigations and in-depth crash data collection on national highways in the state of Tamil Nadu. This pioneering effort has resulted in the development of a heavy truck crash investigation methodology, the outcome of which is scientific and reliable crash data that has been able to provide good insight into truck crashes and their causes. This paper explains the need for truck crash investigations, the methodology, conclusions of the data analyzed up to date, and the need to focus on truck driver working conditions.
Pedestrian and cyclist are the most vulnerable road users in traffic crashes. One important aspect of this study was the comparable analysis of the exact impact configuration and the resulting injury patterns of pedestrians and cyclists in view of epidemiology. The secondary aim was assessment of head injury risks and kinematics of adult pedestrian and cyclists in primary and secondary impacts and to correlate the injuries related to physical parameters like HIC value, 3ms linear acceleration, and discuss the technical parameter with injuries observed in real-world accidents based documented real accidents of GIDAS and explains the head injuries by simulated load and impact conditions based on PC-Crash and MADYMO. A subsample of n=402 pedestrians and n=940 bicyclists from GIDAS database, Germany was used for preselection, from which 22 pedestrian and 18 cyclist accidents were selected for reconstruction by initially using PC-Crash to calculate impact conditions, such as vehicle impact velocity, vehicle kinematic sequence and throw out distance. The impact conditions then were employed to identify the initial conditions in simulation of MADYMO reconstruction. The results show that cyclists always suffer lower injury outcomes for the same accident severity. Differences in HIC, head relative impact velocity, 3ms linear contiguous acceleration, maximum angular velocity and acceleration, contact force, throwing distance and head contact timing are shown. The differences of landing conditions in secondary impacts of pedestrians and cyclists are also identified. Injury risk curves were generated by logistic regression model for each predicting physical parameters.
The paper presents a methodology for the benefit estimation of several secondary safety systems for pedestrians, using the exceptional data depth of GIDAS. A total of 667 frontal pedestrian accidents up to 40kph and more than 500 AIS2+ injuries have been considered. In addition to the severity, affected body region, exact impact point on the vehicle, and the causing part of every injury, the related Euro NCAP test zone was determined. One results of the study is a detailed impact distribution for AIS2+ injuries across the vehicle front. It can be stated, how often a test zone or vehicle part is hit by pedestrians in frontal accidents and which role the ground impact plays. Basing on that, different secondary safety measures can be evaluated by an injury shift method concerning their real world effectiveness. As an example, measures concerning the Euro NCAP pedestrian rating tests have been evaluated. It was analysed which Euro NCAP test zones are the most effective ones. In addition, real test results have been evaluated. Using the presented methodology, other secondary safety like the active bonnet (pop-up bonnet) or a pedestrian airbag measures can be evaluated.
Unfortunately, there has been a high number of accident fatalities reported in the Czech Republic in recent years. There are many causes which have led to a growth in the number of road traffic accidents. Since 1990, traffic density has demonstrated an upward moving tendency, daily traffic-jams are on the increase in many cities and traffic capacity on roads and streets is not able to satisfy this increasing density. Moreover, many road users lack experience in terms of driving modern cars. The National Accident Study of the Czech Republic is based on the assumption that the year 2010 is considered as a pilot project with the testing operation of collecting and evaluating data from traffic accidents. From the beginning of 2011, a fully-functional structure of the Traffic Accident Research will be created and solid data generated. Based on this assumption, we hope to begin meaningful cooperation with foreign countries.
A national initiative from the vehicle manufacturers, safety system suppliers, the road administration and universities in Sweden took off in 2007. The aim was to develop a national investigation network and a methodology focusing on all phases of a crash (pre-crash, in-crash and post-crash) as well as all parts of the road transport system (road user, vehicle and road environment). The initiative is formally run as a project with the acronym INTACT (Investigation Network and Accident Collection Techniques). It was a three year pilot with the aim to develop methodologies for an extended national crash investigation activity. During the first year the INTACT partners agreed on the aim for the investigation and methods for retrieving the data were developed. During the second and third year the methodology was tested in real-world investigations and further refinement was made. The paper describes the methodology developed to obtain high qualitative in-depth road crash data.