Sonstige
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2007 (45) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (45) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (40)
- Konferenz (39)
- Accident (19)
- Unfall (18)
- Statistics (16)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (15)
- Severity (accid, injury) (15)
- Statistik (14)
- Analyse (math) (13)
- Data acquisition (13)
- Datenerfassung (13)
- Injury (12)
- Safety (11)
- Sicherheit (11)
- Tödlicher Unfall (11)
- Verletzung (11)
- Analysis (math) (10)
- Fatality (10)
- Accident prevention (8)
- Unfallverhütung (8)
- Fußgänger (7)
- Pedestrian (7)
- Car (6)
- Cause (6)
- Data bank (6)
- Datenbank (6)
- Germany (6)
- Simulation (6)
- Ursache (6)
- Anfahrversuch (5)
- Child (5)
- Europa (5)
- Europe (5)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (5)
- Head on collision (5)
- Kind (5)
- Motorcyclist (5)
- Motorradfahrer (5)
- PKW (5)
- Passive safety system (5)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (5)
- Reconstruction (accid) (5)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (5)
- Bein (menschl) (4)
- Bewertung (4)
- Deutschland (4)
- Driver (4)
- Evaluation (assessment) (4)
- Fahrer (4)
- Fahrzeug (4)
- Impact test (veh) (4)
- Leg (human) (4)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (4)
- Safety belt (4)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (4)
- Sicherheitsgurt (4)
- Side impact (4)
- Vehicle (4)
- Active safety system (3)
- Adolescent (3)
- Age (3)
- Airbag (3)
- Alter (3)
- Benutzung (3)
- Biomechanics (3)
- Biomechanik (3)
- Cyclist (3)
- Efficiency (3)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (3)
- Human body (3)
- Jugendlicher (3)
- Knee (human) (3)
- Knie (menschl) (3)
- Mathematical model (3)
- Menschlicher Körper (3)
- On the spot accident investigation (3)
- Prüfverfahren (3)
- Radfahrer (3)
- Rechenmodell (3)
- Risiko (3)
- Risikobewertung (3)
- Test method (3)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (3)
- Use (3)
- Vehicle occupant (3)
- Air bag (restraint system) (2)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (2)
- Alte Leute (2)
- Anthropometric dummy (2)
- Auffahrunfall (2)
- Brustkorb (2)
- China (2)
- Collision (2)
- Crash helmet (2)
- Deformable barrier (impact test) (2)
- Development (2)
- Driver assistance system (2)
- Driver training (2)
- Dummy (2)
- Eins (2)
- Electronic stability program (2)
- Entwicklung (2)
- Fahrausbildung (2)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (2)
- Forschungsarbeit (2)
- Front (2)
- Geschwindigkeit (2)
- Insasse (2)
- Interior (veh) (2)
- Interview (2)
- Japan (2)
- Kopf (2)
- Legislation (2)
- Method (2)
- Motorcycle (2)
- Motorrad (2)
- Old people (2)
- One (2)
- Overturning (veh) (2)
- Planning (2)
- Rear end collision (2)
- Reproducibility (2)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (2)
- Risk (2)
- Risk assessment (2)
- Road network (2)
- Schutzhelm (2)
- Seite (2)
- Side (2)
- Speed (2)
- Straßennetz (2)
- USA (2)
- Verfahren (2)
- Zusammenstoß (2)
- injury) (2)
- Überschlagen (2)
- Abgaben (1)
- Accident rate (1)
- Adaptation (psychol) (1)
- Airbag (restraint system) (1)
- Anpassung (psychol) (1)
- Anti locking device (1)
- Antiblockiereinrichtung (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attitude (psychol) (1)
- Audit (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Auftrag (1)
- Austria (1)
- Belastung (1)
- Bicycle (1)
- Brake (1)
- Braking (1)
- Bremse (1)
- Bremsung (1)
- Budget (1)
- Bypass (loop road) (1)
- Cervical vertebrae (1)
- Colthing (1)
- Contract (1)
- Contractor (1)
- Cost (1)
- Cross roads (1)
- Cycle track (1)
- Decrease (1)
- Deformierbare Barriere (Anpralltest) (1)
- Deformierte Barriere (Anpralltest) (1)
- Delivery vehicle (1)
- Detection (1)
- Detektion (1)
- Deutschalnd (1)
- Driver information (1)
- Driving (veh) (1)
- Drunkenness (1)
- Dtetection (1)
- Einstellung (psychol) (1)
- Electronic driving aid (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogram (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (1)
- Entdeckung (1)
- Erfahrung (menschl) (1)
- Error (1)
- Experience (human) (1)
- Fahranfänger (1)
- Fahrrad (1)
- Fahrzeugführung (1)
- Fahrzeugsitz (1)
- Fehler (1)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (1)
- Financing (1)
- Finanzierung (1)
- Finland (1)
- Finnland (1)
- France (1)
- Frankreich (1)
- Frau (1)
- Geländefahrzeug (1)
- Gemeindeverwaltung (1)
- Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung (1)
- Gesetzgebung (1)
- Government (national) (1)
- Halswirbel (1)
- Head (1)
- Head restraint (1)
- Highway (1)
- Highway design (1)
- Highway traffic (1)
- Human factor (1)
- Impact test (1)
- Improvement (1)
- Ireland (1)
- Irland (1)
- Junction (1)
- Kleidung (1)
- Knotenpunkt (1)
- Kontrolle (1)
- Kopfstütze (1)
- Kreuzung (1)
- Lieferfahrzeug (1)
- Load (1)
- Local authority (1)
- Lorry (1)
- Main road (1)
- Maintenance (1)
- Man (1)
- Mann (1)
- Menschlicher Faktor (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Modification (1)
- Overlapping (1)
- Perception (1)
- Pfahl (1)
- Pile (1)
- Pkw (1)
- Planung (1)
- Policy (1)
- Politik (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Privat (1)
- Private (1)
- Privatisierung (1)
- Privatization (1)
- Public private partnership (1)
- Radar (1)
- Radweg (1)
- Recently qualified driver (1)
- Regierung (Staat) (1)
- Regression analysis (1)
- Regressionsanalyse (1)
- Research project (1)
- Research projekt (1)
- Road construction (1)
- Road pricing (1)
- Rsk (1)
- Safety fence (1)
- Schutz (1)
- Schutzeinrichtung (1)
- Schweden (1)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (1)
- Seat (veh) (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Severity (accid (1)
- Sichtbarkeit (1)
- Speed limit (1)
- Spinal calum (1)
- Sport utility vehicle (1)
- Stand der Technik (Bericht) (1)
- Standardisierung (1)
- Standardization (1)
- State of the art report (1)
- Statistik (math) (1)
- Steifigkeit (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Straße (1)
- Straßenbau (1)
- Straßenbenutzungsgebühr (1)
- Straßenentwurf (1)
- Straßenverkehr (1)
- Surveillance (1)
- Tax (1)
- Thorax (1)
- Traffic restraint (1)
- Trunkenheit (1)
- Tunnel (1)
- Umgehungsstraße (1)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (1)
- Unfallverhütug (1)
- United Kingdom (1)
- Unterhaltung (1)
- Variance analysis (1)
- Varianzanalyse (1)
- Verbesserung (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreichl (1)
- Verkehrsbeschränkung (1)
- Verletzung) (1)
- Verminderung (1)
- Vertragspartner (1)
- Veränderung (1)
- Sichtbarkeit (1)
- Vorn (1)
- Vorne (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Warning (1)
- Warnung (1)
- Wirbelsäule (1)
- Woman (1)
- efficiency (1)
- fatality (1)
- head (1)
- Österreich (1)
- Überlappung (1)
Institut
The primary goal of this investigation was to determine the relative risk of traffic accidents in students. In a two year period, a survey amongst 2,325 students was carried out, and 3,645 injuries sustained by students treated at our hospital were analyzed. Moped-riding in adolescents were associated with a 23.75-fold increased risk for injury as compared to biking. Children who ride bicycles have a 2.2-fold increased risk for an injury sustained by traffic accidents compared to pedestrians. None of 50 injured bicycle riders with helmet had an AIS for head injuries of more than 2. 24 of 233 injured bicycle drivers without helmet had an AIS for head injuries of more than 2. The use of a protective helmet significantly reduced the severity of head injuries. The level of awareness towards danger and a history of previous accidents correlate with the likelihood of future accidents. Due to the severity of traffic accidents, more adequate prevention measures (wearing of bicycle helmets and better education for moped riders) are urgently needed.
The PDB, BASt and Opel conducted two test series to evaluate possible effects on the results obtained using the EEVC WG17 Lower Legform Impactor as a test tool for the assessment of pedestrian safety. The reproducibility and repeatability of the test results were assessed using six legform impactors while keeping the test parameters constant. In the second series one impactor was used and the test parameters were varied to assess the effects on the readings of the legform. The test parameters were velocity, temperature, relative humidity, the point of first contact regarding the deviation in z-direction and the deviations of the pitch, roll and yaw angle. The tests were performed using an inverse setup, i.e. the legform was hit by a guided linear impactor equipped with a honeycomb deformation element. This setup was chosen to be able to vary each single parameter while avoiding variations of the other test parameters at the same time. The test parameters were varied stronger than allowed in regulatory use in order to determine possible dependencies between the parameters and the readings which were acceleration, bending angle and shear displacement.
In the context of this study, different data sources for accident research were examined regarding their possible data access and evaluated concerning the individual quality and extent of the data. Analyses of accidents require detailed and comprehensive information in particular concerning vehicle damages, injury patterns and descriptions of the accident sequence. The police documentation supplies the basic accident statistics and is amended in the context of the forensic treatment by further information, e.g. by medical and technical appraisals and witness questionings. As a new approach to the data acquisition for the analysis of fatal traffic accidents, the information was made usable which was collected by the police and by the investigations of the public prosecutor. The best strategy for obtaining reliable, extensive and complete data consists of combining the information from these two sources: the very complete, but elementary statistic data of the Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Statistik (Lower Saxony State Authority of Statistics), based on the police documentation as well as the very extensive accident information resulting from the investigation documentation of the public prosecutor after conclusion of the procedure, the so-called Court Records. Of all 715 fatal traffic accidents, which happened in the year 2003 in the German State of Lower Saxony, 238 cases were selected by means of a statistically coincidental selective procedure based on a statistically representative manner (every third accident). These cases cover the investigation documents of the 11 responsible public prosecutor- offices, which were requested and evaluated while preserving the data security. Of the 238 cases 202 cases were available, which were individually coded and stored in a data base using 160 variables. Thus a data base of a sample of representative data for fatal accidents in Lower Saxony was set up. The data base contains extensive information concerning general accident data (35 variables), concerning road and road surface data (30 variables), concerning vehicle-specific data (68 variables) as well as concerning personal and injury data (27 variables).
M. SAUTHOFF berichtet über bestehende Refinanzierungsmöglichkeiten für Aufwendungen zum Bau und zur Unterhaltung öffentlicher Straßen. Unter Refinanzierung werden in diesem Beitrag Möglichkeiten der mittelbaren oder unmittelbaren Heranziehung privater Finanzierung der Wahrnehmung von Aufgaben der Straßenbaulast verstanden, also des Baues, des Ausbaus, der Verbesserung und der Unterhaltung öffentlicher Straßen. Zur Erarbeitung von Finanzierungsmodellen im Bereich des Straßenbaus ist eine gerechte Verteilung der zuvor zu definierenden Kosten auf die Betreffenden zu berücksichtigen, die von der jeweiligen Straßenbaumaßnahme einen Vorteil haben, etwaige Doppelbelastungen sind zu erkennen und zu vermeiden und Steuerungseffekte sind hinreichend zu prognostizieren. Der Autor geht auf die Begriffsbestimmungen des Regelungsbereiches ein, die Bedeutung für die Finanzierbarkeit von Straßenbauvorhaben einschließlich ihrer Planung und erläutert die verschiedenen möglichen Modelle zur Übertragung von Aufgaben auf Private (Betreibermodell, Konzessionsmodell, Betriebsführungsmodell). In 11 Thesen fasst der Autor seine Ausführungen zusammen. Das tradierte System der Finanzierung des Straßenbaus und der Straßenunterhaltung erscheint vor dem Hintergrund der Situation der öffentlichen Haushalte zunehmend als unzureichend. Eine Lösung wird in der Zusammenarbeit der Öffentlichen Hand mit Privaten gesehen, der so genannten öffentlichen privaten Partnerschaft (PPP), die seit den 90er Jahren in neuen Formen praktiziert und intensiviert wird. Lag der Schwerpunkt anfangs noch vornehmlich auf dem Fernstraßenbau des Bundes, so haben nun auch einzelne Länder konkrete Vorstellungen über eine Zusammenarbeit mit Privaten im Bereich des Baus und der Unterhaltung von Straßen entwickelt. Die Einbeziehung von privaten Ingenieurbüros und Baufirmen bei Straßenplanung, Bauausführung und Bauerhaltung ist inzwischen Standard geworden, werden als Verwaltungshilfe für die öffentlichen Aufgabenträger bezeichnet und finden überwiegend im Innenverhältnis zu der beauftragenden Straßenbauverwaltung statt. B. WITTING berichtet über die Erfahrungen mit öffentlicher privater Partnerschaft und unterschiedlichen Finanzierungsmodellen am Beispiel der Warnowquerung in Rostock, das als Pilotprojekt wichtige positive wie negative - Erkenntnisse zu einer Fortführung der Finanzierung von Straßenbauprojekten nach dem Fernstraßenbauprivatfinanzierungsgesetz (FstrPrivFinG) bietet. Im staatlichen Straßenbau besteht ein Missverhältnis zwischen den bestehenden Baulastaufgaben und den zur Verfügung stehenden Haushaltsmitteln. Der Beitrag von M. MAß zum Bau von Staatsstraßen in gemeindlicher Sonderbaulast beleuchtet die Schnittstelle von Straßen- und Haushaltsrecht am Beispiel des bayerischen Landesrechts und der hierzu ergangenen Rechtsprechung nebst Hinweisen auf Bundesrecht. Anhand konkreter Beispiele für den Bau von Ortsumgehungen zur Ausschaltung von Ortsdurchfahrten erläutert der Autor die mit dem Bau und der Finanzierung von so genannten kommunalen Entlastungsstraßen und ihrer Klassifizierung einher gehenden Probleme für die betreffenden Gemeinden. Der Referent stellt das Sonderprogramm "Staatsstraßen in gemeindlicher Sonderbaulast zur Förderung aus der Kraftfahrzeugsteuer" im Finanzausgleichsgesetz (FAG) vor. Bis-her wurden in Bayern insgesamt 47 Maßnahmen mit einem Finanzvolumen von rund 187 Millionen Euro und einem Fördervolumen von rund 140 Millionen Euro gefördert. Ein Beitrag über die vergaberechtlichen Probleme der Privatfinanzierung im Bau von Fernstraßen behandelt Probleme, die sich aus der Berührung der unterschiedlichen Rechtsgebieten des Straßenrechts, des Privatisierungsrechts und des Vergaberechts ergeben. Das Straßenrecht befasst sich sachlich mit der Erstellung, der Nutzung und der Unterhaltung von Straßen. Im Privatisierungsrecht verbinden sich aufgabenbezogene, ordnungspolitische und finanzielle Aspekte, die gleichermaßen private wie staatliche Aufgaben und Interessen betreffen , das Vergaberecht wiederum behandelt die Auswahl privater Finanziers, das wirtschaftliche Handeln der öffentlichen Hand und die Verteilungsgerechtigkeit. Der Beitrag von M. BURGI setzt sich mit der komplexen Materie der spezifischen Probleme der Public Private Partnership (PPP) im Rahmen der funktionalen Privatisierung und des Verwaltungshandelns auseinander und gibt einen Überblick über Erfordernisse bei der Ausschreibung von PPP-Projekten.
The National Roads Authority in Ireland is responsible for planning and supervision of construction and maintenance works on the National Road network. Its primary function is "to secure the provision of a safe and efficient network of national roads". The population of Ireland has grown rapidly from 3.5 million to 4 million within the past 10 years, and vehicle ownership has also risen rapidly to 2 million vehicles, with 2.2 million drivers. Collisions rates in Ireland are at approximately 1.5 collisions per 1,000 population (in 2002), and 8.4 deaths per 1,000,000 population (in 2003). This ranked 8th out of the 15 countries in the European Union at the time. Ireland- current Road Safety Strategy includes Engineering Targets. These are to complete construction of certain lengths of new motorway, dual carriageway and 2+1 highway, to implement a certain number of accident remedial and traffic calming schemes, and to implement road safety audit on all new schemes. The accident remedial schemes, traffic calming schemes, and road safety audit are all the responsibility of the Road Safety section of NRA. The road safety programme of the NRA is divided into four main areas; a) accident remedial measures at individual sites, b) accident remedial treatment of entire routes, c) traffic calming of towns and villages on main roads, d) road safety audit. Examples of these measures are described. Evaluation of past programmes of single site accident remedial measures show a reduction in collision occurrence at these sites, but the effectiveness and the economic rate of return is decreasing over successive programmes. A similar programme has now been adopted on the rest of the country- road network, on regional and local roads. The programme of remedial treatment of entire routes has only recently started and has not been evaluated. Evaluation of the first programme of traffic calming of towns and villages shows an overall decrease in collisions and their severity, and a small reduction in speed. Road Safety Audit, examining new schemes a number of times during design and after construction, has been standard procedure on the national road network for nearly 6 years. An evaluation is currently underway.
This study updates previous IIHS studies comparing estimated delta Vs for crash tested vehicles to the distribution of estimated delta Vs in the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) Crashworthiness Data System (CDS). The delta V estimates for 232 frontal crash tests at 64.4km/h into a deformable barrier with 40 percent overlap are compared with estimates from frontal offset crashes in the 1997-2004 NASS database. All delta V estimates were based on SMASH, the delta V estimating program used by NASS since 1997. Results indicated that for all vehicles tested by IIHS, SMASH delta Vs were, on average, 32 percent lower than impact speeds and about 28 percent lower than the expected delta V. Almost 80 percent of all real-world frontal crashes resulting in AIS 3+ injuries and just over 60 percent of all fatal crashes occur at or below the average estimated delta V calculated for crash tested vehicles.
The objective of this study was to identify aspects of the individual experience and behaviour of drivers in intersection accidents. A total of 40 accident drivers sketched their ideas and expectations relating to intersection assistance using the method of Structure Formation Technique. Using this method prepared content cards and relation cards for a subject matter are formed together in a structure through the application of an explicit set of rules. The structures generated in this process were compared with the structures of 20 control persons who have not recently experienced an accident at intersections. The basis for this comparison was a case-control design with matched samples regarding the variables age, sex, education, occupation, driving experience and annual mileage. The results of the accident reports indicate that additional assistance is instrumental in the perception of other road users. Generally the interviewed drivers were open-minded towards the use of intersection assistance systems. Drivers who have recently experienced an accident at intersections significantly more often approved of warning assistance in their vehicle than drivers who have not recently experienced an accident. Further accident experienced drivers favoured warning and information via audio warning more frequently. The ideas of the drivers were strongly shaped by the experiences with already available advanced driver assistance systems. Hence acoustic and visual warnings were generally preferred to tactile warnings. The findings also indicate a relationship between the variable age and the acceptance of automatic vehicle intervention, and the suggestion of a head up display as a configuration of a visual warning system.
This study aimed to identify the occurrence, type and mechanisms of the traumatic injuries of the vulnerable road users in vehicle collisions, and to determine the effects of human, engineering, and environment factors on traffic accidents and injuries. The pedestrian accident cases were collected in the years 2000 to 2005 from Changsha Wujing hospital China and Accident Research Unit at Medical University Hannover in Germany. A statistic analysis was carried out using the collected accident data. The results from analysis of Changsha data were compared with results from analysis of GIDAS data Hannover. The injury severities were determined using AIS code and ISS values. The results were presented in terms of cause of injuries, injury distributions, injury patterns, injury severity. The factors influenced the injury outcomes were proposed and discussed for the vehicle transport environment and road users. The results were discussed with regard to accident data collection, accident sampling and injury distributions etc. In the urban area of Changsha, motorcycles and passenger cars are most frequently involved in vehicle pedestrian accidents. Head and lower extremities injuries are the predominant types of pedestrian injuries. The pedestrian accidents were identified as vital issue in urban traffic safety and therefore a high priority should be given to this road user group in research of safe urban transportation. In Hannover area, cars are most frequently involved in traffic accidents, injured pedestrians are involved in road traffic of Germany in 13% of all causalities only in 2005 and have nearly the same number as motorcyclists, but the half of bicyclists.
In Finland all fatal motor vehicle accidents are studied in-depth on-the-spot by multidisciplinary (police, road and vehicle engineers, physician and behavioural scientist) road accident investigation teams (legislation 2001, work started 1968), which operate in every province. The purpose of the teams is to uncover risk factors that turned an ordinary driving situation into a serious accident and give safety recommendations for improving road safety. The investigation teams do not take a stand on guilt or insurance compensation. When analysing accidents the teams use the concepts of key event, immediate, background and injury risk factors. Compiled investigation folders of each case contain investigation forms from each member, preinvestigation protocol, photographs, sketches etc. About 500 items of information are collected from each accident party. The collected information is also coded into a computer database. Both the database and the investigation folders are widely utilized by researchers and authorities conducting safety work.
76 severe traffic accidents had been investigated in depth in an ongoing Volkswagen-Tongji University joint accident research project in JiaDing district, Shanghai, PR China since June 2005. With a methodology similar to German accident research units in Dresden and Hannover, a research team proceeds to the scene immediately after the incident to investigate and collect various data on environment, accident occurrence, vehicle state and deformations as well as injuries. The data combined with the results of accident reconstruction will be stored in a database for further statistical and casuistic analysis. The first outcome of the project supports the hypothesis that a main causation for the large number of traffic accidents in China is the lacking of risk awareness in Chinese driver behaviour. Low seat-belt use and the high proportion of vulnerable and poorly protected two-wheelers in traffic are reasons for the high injury and fatality rate in China. The research work shows that accident research in China is feasible and able to give support to tackle one of the urging problems in Chinese development.