Abteilung Verhalten und Sicherheit im Verkehr
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (33) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Accident (10)
- Safety (10)
- Sicherheit (10)
- Unfall (10)
- Behaviour (8)
- Conference (8)
- Konferenz (8)
- Verhalten (8)
- Deutschland (7)
- Germany (7)
- Gesetzgebung (7)
- Legislation (7)
- Risiko (7)
- Risk (7)
- Driver (6)
- Droge (6)
- Drugs (6)
- Drunkenness (6)
- Europa (6)
- Europe (6)
- Fahrer (6)
- Führerschein (6)
- Trunkenheit (6)
- Arzneimittel (5)
- Attitude (psychol) (5)
- Driving aptitude (5)
- Driving licence (5)
- Education (5)
- Einstellung (psychol) (5)
- Erziehung (5)
- Fahranfänger (5)
- Fahrtauglichkeit (5)
- Medication (5)
- Recently qualified driver (5)
- Rehabilitation (5)
- Adolescent (4)
- Cause (4)
- Jugendlicher (4)
- Offender (4)
- Radfahrer (4)
- Statistics (4)
- Statistik (4)
- Traffic (4)
- Unfallverhütung (4)
- Ursache (4)
- Verkehr (4)
- Accident prevention (3)
- Accident rate (3)
- Analyse (math) (3)
- Analysis (math) (3)
- Benutzung (3)
- Bewertung (3)
- Cyclist (3)
- Enforcement (law) (3)
- Erfahrung (menschl) (3)
- Evaluation (assessment) (3)
- Experience (human) (3)
- Fahrzeugführung (3)
- Führerscheinentzug (3)
- Geschwindigkeit (3)
- Gesetzesdurchführung (3)
- Injury (3)
- International (3)
- Psychologie (3)
- Psychology (3)
- Rehabilitation (road user) (3)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (3)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (3)
- Severity (accid (3)
- Severity (accid, injury) (3)
- Speed (3)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (3)
- Use (3)
- Verletzung (3)
- Verletzung) (3)
- injury) (3)
- Accompanied driving (2)
- Addiction (2)
- Age (2)
- Alcolock (2)
- Alter (2)
- Begleitetes Fahren (2)
- Classification (2)
- Confiscation (driving licence) (2)
- Detection (2)
- Driver training (2)
- Driving (veh) (2)
- EU (2)
- Electric vehicle (2)
- Elektrofahrzeug (2)
- Fahrausbildung (2)
- Fatality (2)
- Fußgänger (2)
- Grenzwert (2)
- Improvement (2)
- Interview (2)
- Kontrolle (2)
- Limit (2)
- Medical aspects (2)
- Medical examination (2)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (2)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (2)
- Pedestrian (2)
- Personality (2)
- Persönlichkeit (2)
- Politik (2)
- Prevention (2)
- Provisorisch (2)
- Rechtsübertreter (2)
- Rechtübertreter (2)
- Rehabilitation (Road user) (2)
- Safety belt (2)
- Sicherheitsgurt (2)
- Stress (2)
- Stress (psychol) (2)
- Surveillance (2)
- Süchtigkeit (2)
- Temporary (2)
- Tödlicher Unfall (2)
- Verbesserung (2)
- Abbiegen (1)
- Aggression (psychol) (1)
- Aggressiveness (psychol) (1)
- Air quality management (1)
- Alte Leute (1)
- Alternativ (1)
- Alternative (1)
- Analyse (chem) (1)
- Anfahrversuch (1)
- Attention (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Autobahn (1)
- Belohnung (Anreiz) (1)
- Bestrafung (1)
- Bicyclist (1)
- Blood alcohol content (1)
- Blutalkoholgehalt (1)
- Chemical analysis (1)
- Child (1)
- Collision (1)
- Compatibility (1)
- Confiscation (driving license) (1)
- Cost benefit analysis (1)
- Cycle track (1)
- Data acquisition (1)
- Data bank (1)
- Datenbank (1)
- Datenerfassung (1)
- Decision process (1)
- Delivery vehicle (1)
- Demand (econ) (1)
- Demografie (1)
- Demography (1)
- Detektion (1)
- Development (1)
- Driver assistance system (1)
- Driving license (1)
- Driving test (1)
- Efficiency (1)
- Entdeckung (1)
- Entscheidungsprozess (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Expert opinion (1)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (1)
- Fahrleistung (1)
- Fahrprüfung (1)
- Falschfahren (1)
- Feldversuch (1)
- Field (test) (1)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (1)
- Führerschein Punktesystem (1)
- Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung (1)
- Gesetzesübertretung (1)
- Gutachten (1)
- Head on collision (1)
- Highway (1)
- Hospital (1)
- Illness (1)
- Impact study (1)
- Impact test (veh) (1)
- In situ (1)
- Information (1)
- Information documentation (1)
- Insasse (1)
- Junction (1)
- Kind (1)
- Klassifikation (1)
- Klassifizierung (1)
- Kleintransporter (1)
- Knotenpunkt (1)
- Kompatibilität (1)
- Krankenhaus (1)
- Krankheit (1)
- Landstraße (1)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (1)
- Luftreinhaltung (1)
- Market (1)
- Markt (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Modification (1)
- Motorcyclist (1)
- Motorradfahrer (1)
- Motorway (1)
- Nachfrage (1)
- Norm (tech) (1)
- Offence (1)
- Old people (1)
- Penalty (1)
- Perception (1)
- Planning (1)
- Planung (1)
- Point demerit system (1)
- Poland (1)
- Polen (1)
- Police (1)
- Policy (1)
- Politics (1)
- Polizei (1)
- Programmed learning (1)
- Programmierter Unterricht (1)
- Psychological aspects (1)
- Psychological examination (1)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (1)
- Psychologische Untersuchung (1)
- Radweg (1)
- Reaction (human) (1)
- Reaktionsfähigkeit (1)
- Recidivist (1)
- Reward (1)
- Richtlinien (1)
- Road user (1)
- Rural road (1)
- Rückfalltäter (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Sociology (1)
- Soziologie (1)
- Specification (standard) (1)
- Specifications (1)
- Speed limit (1)
- Standardisierung (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Straße (1)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (1)
- Test (1)
- Theorie (1)
- Theory (1)
- Traffic regulations (1)
- Turning (1)
- Vehicle mile (1)
- Vehicle occupant (1)
- Verhütung (1)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (1)
- Versuch (1)
- Veränderung (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Wirkungsanalyse (1)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (1)
- Wrong way driving (1)
- Zusammenstoß (1)
Institut
The use of alcohol interlocks for DUI offenders is widespread around the world. in North America and Australia alcohol interlocks are core elements in the countermeasure system against DUI recidivism. Based on a European experience exchange hosted by the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) in October 2013, key features of European alcohol interlock programmes are illustrated. In addition, key findings from international alcohol interlock research are presented. They point towards a need for an accompanying rehabilitative measure in order to achieve long-lasting behavioural changes in the offender. Data from the interlock recorder can be used as predictor for recidivism risk, but also as objective data to aid counselling. Finally, an example of an accompanying rehabilitative measure, which was specifically developed for interlock programmes within a BASt project, is given.
The market introduction and penetration of electric vehicles can be seen as a milestone in order to reduce the environmental burden imposed by the transport sector. The wide-spread use of electric vehicles powered by electricity from renewable sources promises a substantial reduction of local emissions in urban areas as well as greenhouse gas emissions. To be a successful mobility alternative several obstacles and challenges have to be overcome first. Especially the customers' purchase decision determines finally whether an innovation like electromobility will be successful. Therefore, this paper concentrates on demand-related obstacles and barriers for a broad market deployment of electric cars. Within the Electromobility+ project eMAP these issues are investigated via a consumer survey. It was designed to identify the awareness of potential consumers of electric cars as well as give an estimate of the attitude towards this new technology. In addition to the picture of potential demand-related obstacles the consumers were asked to evaluate the suitability of various promotion measures.
In 2011 399 cyclists died in road accidents in Germany and another 76.351 cyclists have been injured. Since 2000 the number of injured or fatally injured cyclists remained on the same high level. Cyclists form 19% of all casualties in German road traffic, although the modal split rate of this transport mode in 2008 was only 10% of trips and resp. 3% of kilometres per day. The high proportion of fatally and seriously injured shows the high vulnerability of cyclists. The demographic shift towards an older population in Germany and the governmental recommendation of increased bicycle use as an ecological, economical and healthy alternative to other modes of transport lead to the assumption that bicycle use especially of elderly people will increase. Based on these facts about the German cyclists' situation a representative survey of 2.000 cyclists was conducted. Results display use patterns and accident involvement on a descriptive level. Overall 7.7% of cyclists report to have been involved in at least one road traffic accident within the last three years. The performed path model analysis reveals an acceptable model fit. Though the explained variance of accident involvement of the applied psychological factors was low, significant relations between several of these factors and especially risky behaviour could be found.
Im Mittelpunkt der Überlegungen zu Perspektiven einer zeitgemäßen und sicherheitswirksamen Fahranfängervorbereitung steht die Absenkung des weiterhin hohen Anfangsrisikos bei Fahranfängern. Ausgehend von den positiven Erfahrungen mit dem Begleiteten Fahren ab 17 beauftragte das Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS) die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) mit der Erarbeitung eines Rahmenkonzepts, in dem Entwicklungsperspektiven für weitere Verbesserungen der Vorbereitung von Fahranfängern und wissenschaftlich begründete Maßnahmenvorschläge für die Erhöhung der Fahranfängersicherheit formuliert werden. Zunächst werden die Aufgaben und die Vorgehensweise der Rahmenkonzepterarbeitung sowie die Kriterien für die Ableitung von Maßnahmenprioritäten skizziert. Ausgehend von den Erkenntnissen zur Entwicklung des Unfallrisikos im Verlauf der Fahrkarriere werden im Anschluss die maßgeblichen Ansatzpunkte zur verbesserten Gestaltung eines sicheren Übergangs in die Automobilität aufgezeigt. Zentrale Maßnahmenvorschläge des Rahmenkonzepts werden vorgestellt. Diese beziehen sich auf die Bekämpfung der maßgeblichen Ursachen des erhöhten Fahranfängerrisikos (Fahrerfahrungsdefizit und Einstellungsmängel), die Optimierung bestehender Fahranfängermaßnahmen und die verstärkte Erschließung von Technik und Wissenschaft für das Fahren lernen.
Various kinds of demerit point systems have been developed and implemented in European countries, aimed at tackling repeat offences in road transport by acting as a deterrent and providing sanctioning. The impact of a demerit point system on the number of crashes is often reported to be significant, but temporary. The objective of the EU BestPoint project was to establish a set of recommended practices that would result in a more effective and sustainable contribution of demerit point systems to road safety. A high actual chance of losing the licence and a high perceived chance of losing the licence are basic prerequisites for the effective operation of demerit point systems. For measures applied within the context of a demerit point system, a four-step-approach is recommended: warning letter, driver improvement course, licence withdrawal, rehabilitation course. Further recommendations concern issues like points and offences, e.g. which offences should lead to points, target groups, and the administration of demerit point systems. The final result of the EU BestPoint project is a handbook (van Schagen & Machata, 2012) which provides a concise overview of all recommended practices. The presentation/paper outlines how sustainable safety improvements can be achieved if national demerit point systems are implemented and maintained according to the recommended practices. In addition, potential further steps towards an EU-wide demerit point system (cross-border exchange on points and/or offences) are presented.
The practicability and feasibility of using alcohol ignition interlock devices has been discussed for more than 15 years in Germany. Thereby, judicial issues have been treated conversely. Consensus exists about the fact that the voluntary use of alcohol ignition interlocks is in all areas of possible use recommendable. Great reservation is shown concerning the operation of the devices for DUI (Driving Under Influence) offenders. Main doubts regard the missing legal base for application in such cases and potential circumvention attempts while the need of supportive psychological measures is unquestioned. In 2011, the Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs entered this topic in its newly released traffic safety programme as a matter of future research. Almost in parallel, the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) launched an alcohol ignition interlock project for DUI offenders. The study at hand aimed at developing a comprehensive programme concept for the use of alcohol ignition interlocks as additional measure to psychological rehabilitation for DUI offenders. Expert surveys serve as input for the establishment of a widely accepted innovative concept for nationwide implementation. By means of a pilot trial, the added value of using a combination of structural (alcohol interlock) and individual (psychological measure) intervention for DUI offenders to the existing countermeasure system should be studied. In addition, selection criteria for DUI offenders eligible for future programme participation should be defined. The majority of the experts evaluate the introduction of alcohol ignition interlocks as a good option to enhance traffic safety. The possibility of early psychological rehabilitation is emphasized in the process. Those who do not approve alcohol ignition interlock usage estimate the amount of offenders eligible for such programmes too small. The survey also revealed that legal regulations for issuing an alcohol interlock restricted licence to DUI offenders is missing. Hence, a possible amendment to the German Driving Licencing Regulation was developed within the project. Consultations with the Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs and the Ministry of Justice disclosed the need for a change of the road traffic law before an amendment to the existing regulations may be put into force. At least, the person responsible in the Ministry of Justice developed a proposal for the law section that needs revision. All in all, it became clear within the process of the project that a field trial in Germany is still a distant vision. Nevertheless, all institutions involved are motivated to deal with the matter further on in order to pave the way for a soon start of the pilot trial.
In Germany, courses for the restoration of the fitness to drive after licence revocation are provided for different offender groups (alcohol, drug and demerit point offenders). Providers of these courses are by law required to prove the effectiveness of the applied course programs. For the evaluation of effectiveness, the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) established specific "Reference Values" in 2002. The objective of the study at hand was to collect valid data in order to renew the old-established Reference Values from 2002. Additionally, data collection aimed at initializing Reference Values for drug offender programs. Over 66,000 drivers were analysed regarding their traffic probation in the three years after licence reinstatement. Offenders were assigned to an offender group (alcohol, drugs and demerit point offenders) based on the reason for prior licence revocation. Different indicators were used as criteria for re-offending: new alcohol or drug records, culpable accident involvement and repeated licence revocation. For each of the offender groups, frequency distributions regarding these indicators were calculated. Frequencies of recidivism are highest for the group of demerit point offenders. Compared to the Reference Values of this group from 2002, frequencies of re-offending increased. Conversely, re-offence frequencies of alcohol offenders are halved compared to the data from 2001. The analysis of the re-offence frequencies of drug offenders reveals an equal amount of re-offenders as in the alcohol offender group. The collected data serve as a good base for renewal of the old-established Reference Values and may be applicable as comparative data for future evaluations The results reveal significant differences between recent data and earlier studies. These may occur due to improvements of the applied programmes, but also due to situational changes, e.g. increased enforcement levels and expansion of the catalogue of offenses which lead to demerit points.
The 6th RFP project DRUID aimed at supporting European transport policy makers by suggesting scientifically based recommendations to combat impaired driving. The main DRUID objectives were: 1. In-depth analysis of the problem situation with regard to DUI/DUID in Europe; 2. Assessment of prevalence and accident risks of DUI/DUID on the basis of epidemiological and experimental studies; 3. Evaluation of oral fluid screening devices and cost-benefit analysis of a strengthened drug driving enforcement; 4. Development of a classification system for medicines; 5. Evaluation of driver rehabilitation schemes and strategies of licence revocation; 6. Assessment of the effectiveness of new prescribing and dispensing guidelines for medicines; 7. Ddevelopment of policy recommendations on the basis of DRUID results. All in all, the DRUID results revealed that prevalence of psychoactive substance consumption, DUI/DUID, enforcement levels and legal strategies are very heterogeneous in European countries. Nonetheless, DRUID derives general recommendations as base for national solutions.
The DRUID expert consensus established recommendations on how to define limits for psychoactive substance use in traffic. The European DRUID project established a group of experts who are members of national working groups for defining analytical and/or risk thresholds. This group evaluated the results of DRUID, scientific literature and the experience of representatives of several EU Member States and Norway in determining cut-off levels. 1. Cut-offs should be defined for the most frequently used psychoactive substances; 2. In order to achieve compliance of the population towards cut-off regulations, they should be clear and comprehensible, pointing out the risks when used in traffic; 3. Thus, the definition of cut-offs should be based on current scientific knowledge; 4. The lowest substance concentration exerting an effect on driving should be preferred instead of the lowest limit of quantification/ detection; 5. For all psychoactive substances including alcohol, the same risk should be accepted. When a country intends to determine per se cut-off levels, several considerations have to be taken into account. From a scientific point of view, the same risk should be anticipated for all psychoactive substances including alcohol. Nevertheless, every cut-off discussion should address the question if the DRUID approach, to determine risk thresholds equivalent to alcohol limits, is feasible for the respective case.
An approach to the standardization of accident and injury registration systems (STAIRS) in Europe
(1998)
STAIRS is a European Commission funded study whose aim is to produce a set of guidelines for a harmonised, crash injury database. The need to evaluate the effectiveness of the forthcoming European Union front and side impact directives has emphasised the need for real world crash injury data-sets that can be representative of the crash population throughout Europe. STAIRS will provide a methodology to achieve this. The ultimate aim of STAIRS is to produce a set of data collection tools which will aid decision making on vehicle crashworthiness as well as providing a means to evaluate the effectiveness of safety regulations. This paper will disseminate the up-to-date findings of the group as they try to harmonise their methods. The stage has been reached where studies into the diverse methods of the UK, French and German systems of crash injury investigation have been undertaken. An assessment has already been made of the relationships between the three current systems in order to define the areas of agreement and divergence. The conclusions reached stated that there were many areas that are already closely related and that the differences were only at the detailed level. With the emphasis on secondary safety and injury causation, core data sets were decided upon, taking into account: vehicle description, collision configuration, structural response of vehicles, restraint and airbag performance, child restraint performance, Euro NCAP, pedestrian and vehicle occupant kinematics, injury description and causation. Each variable was studied objectively, the important elements isolated and developed into a form that all partners were agreeable on. A glossary of terms is being developed as the project progresses which includes ISO standards and other definitions from the associated CAREPLUS project, which addresses the comparability of national data sets. A major consideration of the group was the data collection method to be employed. The strengths and weaknesses of each study were investigated to obtain a clear idea of which aspects offered the best way forward. The quality of this information and transference into a common format, as well as the necessary error checking systems to be employed have just been completed and are described. In tandem with this area of study the problem of the statistical relationship of each sample to the national population is also being investigated. The study proposes a mechanism to use a sample of crash injury data to represent the national and international crash injury problem