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Pelvic fracture, cracking or breaking of a portion of the pelvis are extremely common injuries in the side impact collisions of motor vehicles. Due to both its shape and structural architecture, mechanics of the pelvic bone is complicated. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the dynamic behavior of the pelvis and its biomechanical tolerance under impact environment. Hence this study is aimed at the understanding of the mechanical response of the human pelvis with three-dimensional finite element (FE) models, under side impact load, applied through a structure, equivalent to a car door. The door structure was modeled, considering few layers, consisting of foam (Styrodur®, 3035 CS), plastic (UHMWPE), steel, glass and steel, putting them in series. A soft tissue layer (equivalent to fat) was also considered on the greater trochanter location. These FE models (with and without the car door structure) were analyzed with ANSYS-LS-DYNA-® dynamic finite element software to compare the effect of the car door padding system for shock absorption. It was observed that with proper combination of shock absorbing material (foam, etc.) and its thickness, the transmission of impact load to the body part (pelvis, etc.) from the outer surface of the car door could be reduced.
The German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology is funding a projectrncalled "Leistra2" with the aim of understanding the tire road contact and to find measures to reduce traffic noise, in particular to reduce the noise of tires rolling on pavements, i.e. tire-road noise. The project is composed out of three mayor subjects, low noise tires, low noise pavements and verification of the results, each made out of single sub-projects. The purpose of this paper is to give a survey about Leistra2 and to report about the latest activities and results. More detailed information and contact data of the partners involved can be found at http://www. LeiStra2.de. The program is the successor of the program LeiStra (Leiser Strassenverkehr), dealing with similar topics.rn