Sonstige
Filtern
Schlagworte
- Anfahrversuch (2)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (2)
- Head on collision (2)
- Air bag (restraint system) (1)
- Airbag (1)
- Bewertung (1)
- Collision test (veh) (1)
- Conference (1)
- Crash test (1)
- Damage (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Edge (1)
- Evaluation (assessment) (1)
- Event data recorder (road vehicle) (1)
- Fahrdatenschreiber (1)
- Fatality (1)
- Front (1)
- Germany (1)
- Impact test (veh) (1)
- Injury (1)
- Konferenz (1)
- Method (1)
- Nordamerika (1)
- North America (1)
- Reconstruction (accid) (1)
- Risikobewertung (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Sachschaden (1)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (1)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (1)
- Seite (1)
- Severity (accid (1)
- Severity (accid, injury) (1)
- Tödlicher Unfall (1)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (1)
- Verfahren (1)
- Verletzung (1)
- Verletzung) (1)
- Vorne (1)
- injury) (1)
Over the past two decades the popularity of consumer crash test programs, commonly referred to as New Car Assessment Programs (NCAP), has grown across the world. They are popular among government regulators as they afford a means of promoting safety innovations and levels of vehicle performance beyond those dictated by national standards. They also fulfill the demand for information regarding the safety ranking of vehicles among consumers contemplating the purchase of a new vehicle. There is no question that consumer crash test programs greatly influence vehicle design changes as well as accelerate the fitment of new safety features. The extent to which these changes can be expected to reduce serious and potentially fatal injuries will be influenced by how well the testing protocols and associated rating schemes correctly reflect the nature of the residual safety problem they seek to address. Drawing on data contained primarily in the US National Automotive Sampling System (NASS), the field relevance of current and proposed testing and rating protocols addressing frontal crash test protection is examined. Emphasis is placed on examining how accurately injury rates computed from the dummy responses measured in consumer crash tests correspond to actual injury rates observed in the field. Additional data from Canadian field investigations and US databases such as the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey (NMVCCS) are examined to see how well frontal airbag firing times, crush pulse durations and other determinants of injury are replicated in consumer testing protocols. This portion of the analysis draws on data obtained from Event Data Recorders (EDR) in both field collisions and staged tests of the same vehicle model. Vehicle rankings and overall frontal crash test ratings were found to be particularly sensitive to the choice of injury risk functions employed in the test. This was particularly true in the case of injury risk functions used to assess neck injury potential. Neck injury risk derived from Nij was found to show the least agreement with the field. Agreement between field chest injury rates and those derived from crash tests was improved considerably when chest injury risk functions for "older" occupants were employed. The paper concludes with a discussion of how different current testing protocols could be improved to enhance their field relevance.
In North America, frontal crash tests in both the regulatory environment and consumer-based safety rating schemes have historically been based on full-width and moderate-overlap (40%) vehicle to barrier impacts. The combination of improved seat-belt technologies, notably belt tensioning and load limiting systems, together with advanced airbags, has proven very effective in providing occupant protection in these crash modes. Recently, however, concern has been raised over the contribution of narrower frontal impacts, involving primarily the vehicle corners, to the incidence of fatality and serious injury as a result of the potential for increased occupant compartment intrusion and performance limitations of current restraint systems. Drawing on data documented in the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS)/ Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) for calendar years 1999 to 2012, the present study examines the characteristics of existing and proposed corner crash test configurations, and the nature of real-world collisions that approximate the test environments. In this analysis, particular emphasis is placed on crash pulse information extracted from vehicle-based event data recorders (EDR's).