Sonstige
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2017 (52) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (52) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (38)
- Deutschland (37)
- Germany (37)
- Konferenz (37)
- Accident (25)
- Unfall (25)
- Analyse (math) (17)
- Analysis (math) (17)
- Injury (16)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (16)
- Verletzung (16)
- Accident reconstruction (13)
- Collision (13)
- Zusammenstoß (13)
- Radfahrer (10)
- Cyclist (9)
- Fußgänger (9)
- Pedestrian (9)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (9)
- Severity (accid, injury) (9)
- Simulation (9)
- Bewertung (8)
- Evaluation (assessment) (8)
- Insasse (8)
- On the spot accident investigation (8)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (8)
- Risiko (7)
- Risk (7)
- Alte Leute (6)
- Interview (6)
- Safety (6)
- Sicherheit (6)
- Driver (5)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (5)
- Old people (5)
- Vehicle occupant (5)
- Active safety system (4)
- Car (4)
- Cause (4)
- Datenbank (4)
- Fahrer (4)
- Fahrzeug (4)
- Fatality (4)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (4)
- Post crash (4)
- Prüfverfahren (4)
- Test (4)
- Test method (4)
- Tödlicher Unfall (4)
- Ursache (4)
- Versuch (4)
- Advanced driver assistance system (3)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (3)
- Auffahrunfall (3)
- Austria (3)
- Behaviour (3)
- Bremsung (3)
- Correlation (math, stat) (3)
- Database (3)
- Driver assistance system (3)
- Effectiveness (3)
- Europa (3)
- Europe (3)
- Geschwindigkeit (3)
- Korea (Süd) (Demokratische Republik) (3)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (3)
- Method (3)
- Motorcyclist (3)
- Motorradfahrer (3)
- Occupant (veh) (3)
- Passenger (3)
- Pkw (3)
- Probability (3)
- Rear end collision (3)
- Reconstruction (accid) (3)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (3)
- Severity (accid (3)
- Speed (3)
- Unfallfolgemaßnahme (3)
- Vehicle (3)
- Verfahren (3)
- Verhalten (3)
- Verletzung) (3)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (3)
- injury) (3)
- Österreich (3)
- Ablenkung (psychol) (2)
- Accident black spot (2)
- Age (2)
- Alter (2)
- Antikollisionssystem (2)
- Aufprallschlitten (2)
- Automatische Notbremsung (2)
- Autonomes Fahren (2)
- Autonomes Fahrzeug (2)
- Autonomous driving (2)
- Autonomous emergency braking (2)
- Autonomous vehicle (2)
- Behinderter (2)
- Beinahe Unfall (2)
- Benutzung (2)
- Biomechanics (2)
- Biomechanik (2)
- Braking (2)
- Brustkorb (2)
- Camera (2)
- Collision avoidance system (2)
- Crash victim (2)
- Crashtest (2)
- Crossing the road (2)
- Data security (2)
- Datensicherheit (2)
- Digital model (2)
- Digitale Bildverarbeitung (2)
- Disablement (2)
- Distraction (2)
- Dynamics (2)
- Dynamik (2)
- EU (2)
- Erste Hilfe (2)
- Fahrbahnüberquerung (2)
- Fahrsimulator (2)
- Fahrzeugsitz (2)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (2)
- Head on collision (2)
- Human factor (2)
- Impact sled (2)
- Impact test (veh) (2)
- Improvement (2)
- Kamera (2)
- Knotenpunkt (2)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (2)
- Langfristig (2)
- Learning (2)
- Long term (2)
- Menschlicher Faktor (2)
- Mobile phone (2)
- Mobiltelefon (2)
- Near miss (2)
- Numerisches Modell (2)
- Oberflächentextur (2)
- Ort (Position) (2)
- Output (2)
- Passive safety system (2)
- Policy (2)
- Politik (2)
- Republic of Korea (2)
- Restraint system (2)
- Schleudertrauma (2)
- Seat (veh) (2)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (2)
- Side impact (2)
- Simulator (driving) (2)
- Statistics (2)
- Statistik (2)
- Surface texture (2)
- Technologie (2)
- Technology (2)
- Unfallopfer (2)
- Unfallschwerpunkt (2)
- Use (2)
- Verbesserung (2)
- Verschiebung (2)
- Whiplash injury (2)
- Abdomen (1)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (Unfall) (1)
- Accident data (1)
- Accident prevention (1)
- Accident rate (1)
- Active safety (1)
- Adolescent (1)
- Adult (1)
- Aged people (1)
- Air bag (restraint system) (1)
- Airbag (1)
- Aktive Sicherheit (1)
- Anfahrversuch (1)
- Animal (1)
- Anthropometric dummy (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
- Anthropometry (1)
- Attitude (psychol) (1)
- Aufzeichnung (1)
- Australia (1)
- Australien (1)
- Automatic (1)
- Automatisch (1)
- Bein (menschl) (1)
- Berechnung (1)
- Bicyclist (1)
- Blutkreislauf (1)
- Brand (1)
- Brasilien (1)
- Brazil (1)
- Breaking (1)
- Bremsweg (1)
- Bruch (mech) (1)
- Bus (1)
- Calculation (1)
- Chest (1)
- Child (1)
- Circulation (blood) (1)
- Classification (1)
- Coefficient of friction (1)
- Cognitive impairment (1)
- Collision test (veh) (1)
- Communication (1)
- Comprehension (1)
- Compression (1)
- Condition survey (1)
- Contact (tyre road) (1)
- Cooperative intelligent transport system (1)
- Cost (1)
- Cost benefit analysis (1)
- Crash Test (1)
- Crash test (1)
- Customer (1)
- Data base (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Datenverarbeitung (1)
- Decision process (1)
- Depth (1)
- Detection (1)
- Detektion (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Digital image processing (1)
- Displacement (1)
- Driver training (1)
- Driving (veh) (1)
- Driving aid (electronic) (1)
- Dummy (1)
- Eigenschaft (1)
- Einstellung (psychol) (1)
- Electronic stability program (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (1)
- Emergency medical aid (1)
- Entscheidungsprozess (1)
- Erwachsener (1)
- Erziehung (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Expertensystem (1)
- Fahranfänger (1)
- Fahrausbildung (1)
- Fahrer ; Fahrerassistenzsystem (1)
- Fahrzeugführung (1)
- Fear (1)
- Fire (1)
- Fracture (bone) (1)
- France (1)
- Frankreich (1)
- Frau (1)
- Friction (1)
- Front (1)
- Furcht (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Head (human) (1)
- Head restraint (1)
- Health (1)
- Hospitsl (1)
- Human body (1)
- Human machine interface (1)
- Image analysis (1)
- Image generation (1)
- Image processing (1)
- In situ (1)
- Inertia reel safety belt (1)
- Infotainment System (1)
- Infotainment system (1)
- Intersection (1)
- Japan (1)
- Jugendlicher (1)
- Junction (1)
- Kind (1)
- Klassifizierung (1)
- Knochenbruch (1)
- Kognitive Beeinträchtigung (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Kontakt Reifen-Straße (1)
- Kooperatives System (ITS) (1)
- Kopf (menschl) (1)
- Kopfstütze (1)
- Korrelation [math (1)
- Kosten (1)
- Krankenhaus (1)
- Kreisverkehrsplatz (1)
- Kunde (1)
- Lap strap (1)
- Leg (human) (1)
- Lernen (1)
- Links (1)
- Lkw (1)
- Location (1)
- Lorry (1)
- Man (1)
- Mann (1)
- Massenunfall (1)
- Materialveraenderung (allg) (1)
- Mathematical model (1)
- Mean (math) (1)
- Measurement (1)
- Mensch Maschine Schnittstelle (1)
- Menschlicher Körper (1)
- Messung (1)
- Mittelwert (1)
- Model (not math) (1)
- Modell (1)
- Movement (1)
- Multiple collision (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Neuronales Netz (1)
- Oberfläche (1)
- Offset impact test (1)
- On the left (1)
- On the right (1)
- On the spot investigation (1)
- Personal (1)
- Personnel (1)
- Police (1)
- Polizei (1)
- Portugal (1)
- Position (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Properties (1)
- Reaction (human) (1)
- Reaktionsverhalten (1)
- Recently qualified driver (1)
- Rechenmodell (1)
- Rechts (1)
- Recording (1)
- Reduction (decrease) (1)
- Reibung (1)
- Reibungsbeiwert (1)
- Republic of Corea (1)
- Resuscitation (1)
- Rib (1)
- Risikobewertung (1)
- Risikoverhalten (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Risk taking (1)
- Road (1)
- Road network (1)
- Road traffic (1)
- Road user (1)
- Roadside (1)
- Robot (1)
- Roboter (1)
- Roll over (veh) (1)
- Roundabout (1)
- Run oo the road (accid) (1)
- Rupture (1)
- Safety harness (1)
- Schweden (1)
- Seat belt (1)
- Seat harness (1)
- Sicherheitsgurt (1)
- Sichtbarkeit (1)
- Spinal column (1)
- Sri Lanka (1)
- Steifigkeit (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Stopping distance (1)
- Straße (1)
- Straßennetz (1)
- Straßenseitenfläche (1)
- Straßenverkehr (1)
- Surface (1)
- Sweden (1)
- Telecommunication (1)
- Telekommunikation (1)
- Thorax (1)
- Tiefe (1)
- Tier (1)
- Trend (stat) (1)
- Tunnel (1)
- Unfalldaten (1)
- Unfallfolgephase (1)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (1)
- Unfallverhütung (1)
- Ungeschützter Verkehrsteilnehmer (1)
- United Kingdom (1)
- Unterleib (1)
- Untersuchung am Umfallort (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (1)
- Verhütung (1)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (1)
- Verminderung (1)
- Verständnis (1)
- Sichtbarkeit (1)
- Vorne (1)
- Vulnerable road user (1)
- Wirbelsäule (1)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (1)
- Woman (1)
- Zeitreihe (stat) (1)
- Zusammendrückung (1)
- Zustandsbewertung (1)
- stat] (1)
- Überschlagen (1)
Institut
- Sonstige (52) (entfernen)
Whiplash injuries are characterized by the high variability of its symptoms and by the subjectivity of its diagnosis, which sometimes leads to frauds perpetrated by victims of rear-end impacts. It is estimated that whiplash injuries cost annually about 10.000 million Euros in Europe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the dynamics of the accident in which the victim was involved in the probability of development of whiplash associated injuries. In the presented methodology, first an accident reconstruction is performed where the dynamics of the accident is determined. This is carried out using the software PC-Crash, police and insurance companies' data. Then biomechanical injuries criteria related with whiplash injuries are evaluated. For the evaluation of the probability of having whiplash injuries, the Neck Injury Criterion (NIC) of the victim and the mean acceleration of the vehicle were evaluated. Then, with medical reports, the results of the accident reconstruction are correlated with the reported injuries. Some examples are presented. The results obtained indicate that the study of the dynamics of the road accidents in which the victims were involved could be used as an auxiliary of the prognosis of whiplash injuries and is important for a precise diagnosis of this type of injuries.
One main objective of the EU-Project SENIORS is to provide improved methods to assess thoracic injury risk to elderly occupants. In contribution to this task paired simulations with a THOR dummy model and human body model will be used to develop improved thoracic injury risk functions. The simulation results can provide data for injury criteria development in chest loading conditions that are underrepresented in PMHS test data sets that currently proposed risk functions are based on. To support this approach a new simplified generic but representative sled test fixture and CAE model for testing and simulation were developed. The parameter definition and evaluation of this sled test fixture and model is presented in this paper. The justification and definition of requirements for this test set-up was based on experience from earlier studies. Simple test fixtures like the gold standard sled fixture are easy to build and also to model in CAE, but provide too severe belt-only loading. On the other hand a vehicle buck including production components like airbag and seat is more representative, but difficult to model and to be replicated at a different laboratory. Furthermore some components might not be available for physical tests at later stage. The basis of the SENIORS generic sled test set-up is the gold standard fixture with a cable seat back and foot rest. No knee restraint was used. The seat pan design was modified including a seat ramp. The three-point belt system had a generic adjustable load limiter. A pre-inflated driver airbag assembly was developed for the test fixture. Results of THOR test and simulations in different configurations will be presented. The configurations include different deceleration pulses. Further parameter variations are related to the restraint system including belt geometry and load limiter levels. Additionally different settings of the generic airbag were evaluated. The test set-up was evaluated and optimized in tests with the THOR-M dummy in different test configurations. Belt restraint parameters like D-ring position and load limiter setting were modified to provide moderate chest loading to the occupant. This resulted in dummy readings more representative of the loading in a contemporary vehicle than most available PMHS sled tests reported in the literature. However, to achieve a loading configuration that exposes the occupant to even less severe loading comparable to modern vehicle restraints it might be necessary to further modify the test set-up. The new generic sled test set-up and a corresponding CAE model were developed and applied in tests and simulations with THOR. Within the SENIORS project with this test set-up also volunteer and PMHS as well as HBM simulations are performed, which will be reported in other publications. The test environment can contribute in future studies to the assessment of existing and new frontal impact dummies as well as dummy improvements and related instrumentation. The test set-up and model could also serve as a new standard test environment for PMHS and volunteer tests as well as HBM simulations.
For the avoidance of traffic accidents by means of advanced driver assistance systems the knowledge of failures and deficiencies a few seconds before the crash is of increasing importance. This information e.g. is collected in the German accident survey GIDAS by an interview derived from the ACAS methodology. However to display the whole range of accident causation factors additional information is needed on enduring factors of the system components "human", "infrastructure" and "machine". On the strategic level these accident moderating factors include long term influences such as medical preconditions or a general higher risk taking behavior as well as influences on the immediate conflict level such as an aggressive response to a perceived previous traffic conflict. This study was conducted to examine the feasibility of collecting such causation information in the scope of an in-depth accident investigation like GIDAS. Due to the comprehensive amount of information necessary to estimate the moderating factors the collection of the information is distributed to different methods. 5 cases of real world crashes have been investigated where information was collected on-scene and retrospective by interviews. The identified moderating factors of the accidents and the method for collecting the information are displayed.
A study on knowledge and practices of first aid and CPR among police officers in Colombo and Gampaha
(2017)
Around 85% of deaths in developing countries have been found to be due to road traffic accidents (RTAs), which cost the countries around 1-2% of their gross national product (GNP). In Sri Lanka there were 2,436 deaths reported from 36,045 RTAs in 2014. This study aimed at assessing first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) knowledge among police officers and identifying its relationship to their first aid and CPR practices. A study was done on 493 police officers from Colombo and Gampaha who were selected using convenience sampling through a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed that the police officers had unsatisfactory knowledge and practices of CPR and interventions for bleeding and fractures. These should therefore be focused in their further training.
Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen sind im Zuge der quantitativen Sicherheitsbewertung von Straßentunneln Risikoanalysen durchzuführen. Neben objekt-, verkehrs- oder ereignisspezifischen Parametern gibt es auch etliche Eingangsparameter, die fest im Risikomodell hinterlegt sind und deren Variation für gewöhnlich nicht vorgesehen ist. Dies trifft auch für Parameter des menschlichen Verhaltens zu. Im Zuge von Versuchsreihen zum Flucht- und Reaktionsverhalten der Verkehrsteilnehmer im Ereignisfall in Straßentunneln wurden verschiedene Verhaltensparameter ermittelt und analysiert, die den konventionellen Modell-Basisparametern erstmals im Österreichischen Tunnelrisikomodell (TuRisMo) gegenübergestellt werden. Als Ergebnis kann auf Basis der aktuell gewonnenen Verhaltensparameter eine Senkung des Gesamtrisikos aufgezeigt werden, dessen Einordnung im folgenden Beitrag diskutiert wird.
For more than a decade, ADAC accident researchers have analysed road accidents with severe injuries, recording some 20,000 accidents. An important task in accident research is to determine the causative factors of road accidents. Apart from vehicle engineering and human factors, accident research also focuses on infrastructural and environmental aspects. To find out what accident scenarios are the most common in ADAC accident research and what driver assistance systems can prevent them, our first task was to conduct a detailed accident analysis. Using CarMaker, we performed a realistic simulation of accident scenarios, including crashes, with varying parameters. To begin with, we made an initial selection of driver assistance systems in order to determine those with the greatest accident prevention potential. One important finding of this study is that the safety potential of the individual driver assistance systems can actually be examined. It also turned out that active safety offers even much more potential for development and innovation than passive safety. At the same time, testing becomes more demanding, too, as new systems keep entering the market, many of them differing in functional details. ADAC will continue to test all driver assistance systems as realistically as possible so as to be able to provide advice to car buyers. Therefore, it will be essential to develop and improve test conditions and criteria.
Advancing active safety towards the protection of vulnerable road users: the PROSPECT project
(2017)
Accidents involving Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) are still a very significant issue for road safety. According to the World Health Organisation, pedestrian and cyclist deaths account for more than 25% of all road traffic deaths worldwide. Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems have the potential to improve safety for these VRU groups. The PROSPECT project (Proactive Safety for Pedestrians and Cyclists) aims to significantly improve the effectiveness of active VRU safety systems compared to those currently on the market by expanding the scope of scenarios addressed by the systems and improving the overall system performance. The project pursues an integrated approach: Newest available accident data combined with naturalistic observations and HMI guidelines represent key inputs for the system specifications, which form the basis for the system development. For system development, two main aspects are considered: advanced sensor processing with situation analysis, and intervention strategies including braking and steering. All these concepts are implemented in several vehicle prototypes. Special emphasis is put on balancing system performance in critical scenarios and avoiding undesired system activations. For system validation, testing in realistic scenarios will be done. Results will allow the performance assessment of the developed concepts and a cost-benefit analysis. The findings within the PROSPECT project will contribute to the generation of state -of-the-art knowledge, technical innovations, assessment methodologies and tools for advancing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems towards the protection of VRUs. The introduction of a new generation safety system in the market will enhance VRU road safety in 2020-2025, contributing to the "Vision Zero" objective of no fatalities or serious injuries in road traffic set out in the Transport White Paper. Furthermore, the test methodologies and tools developed within the project shall be considered for the New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) future roadmaps, supporting the European Commission goal of halving the road toll in the 2011-2020 timeframe.
This study investigates the protection offered by passive head-restraints with different stiffness and energy dissipation properties. For this purpose, computational multi-body models of a generic car seat and a biofidelic 50thpercentile male human for rear impact are used to study different seat designs and passive head-restraints. The validated seat-occupant model is also used in the design of two different car-seat models which are shown to effectively mitigate whiplash by utilising a crash-energy distribution technique. Five different passive head-restraints with varying stiffness (low-medium-high) and energy dissipation percentages (low-high) are successively attached to four different car-seat models. The simulation results indicate that the protection offered by head restraints is strongly dependent on the seat design. It has also been shown that the stiffness of the passive head-restraint has much more influence on whiplash-risk in comparison to its energy dissipation capacity.
Car occupants have a high level of mortality in road accidents, since passenger cars are the prevalent mode of transport. In 2013, car occupant fatalities accounted for 45% of all road accident fatalities in the EU. The objective of this research is the analysis of basic road safety parameters related to car occupants in the European countries over a period of 10 years (2004-2013), through the exploitation of the EU CARE database with disaggregate data on road accidents. Data from the EU Injury Database for the period 2005 - 2008 are used to identify injury patterns, and additional insight into accident causation for car occupants is offered through the use of in-depth accident data from the EC SafetyNet project Accident Causation System (SNACS). The results of the analysis allow for a better understanding of the car occupants' safety situation in Europe, thus providing useful support to decision makers working for the improvement of road safety level in Europe.
Millions of kilometers are driven and recorded by car manufacturers and researchers every year to gather information about realistic traffic situations. The focus of these studies is often the recording of critical situations to create test scenarios for the development of new systems before introducing them into the market. This paper shows a novel Analysis and Investigation Method for All Traffic Scenarios (AIMATS) based on real traffic scenes. It also shows how to get detailed information about speeds, trajectories and behavior of all participants without driving thousands of kilometers at the example of conflict situations with animals. Basis of the AIMATS is the identification of the most relevant locations as "Points of Interest" (POI), the recording of the critical situations and their "base lines" at these POI. This paper presents a new method to identify critical scenarios involving both vehicles and animals as well as preliminary results of a study done in Saxony using this new method.