Filtern
Dokumenttyp
Volltext vorhanden
- nein (2) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Intelligentes Transportsystem (2) (entfernen)
Institut
The high density of commercial freight transport on motorways makes it difficult for truck drivers to find safe parking places especially for longer rest periods during the night. Even though expansions have been made to satisfy the demand in Germany, overcrowding and dangerous situations still occur as a result of vehicles parking on the entrance and exit roads of rest areas. In 2005 a control procedure called "Convoy Parking" was installed at the rest area Montabaur on the A3 motorway in Germany. Convoy Parking is subject to a patent (EP 1 408 455 B1, 2007). Convoy Parking requires all drivers entering their departure time at a terminal in front of a barrier. Subsequently, on the basis of the input data, the automatically detected vehicle length and the actual situation at the rest area, a free parking row is assigned and trucks can be parked sorted. The German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) developed a new control procedure called "Intelligent Controlled Compact Parking" (hereafter referred to as "Compact Parking" for short) to achieve that trucks are parking in a compact way, side by side and without a driving lane between trucks. Convoy Parking and Compact Parking have a very different control procedure and appearance. While Convoy Parking assigns a parking row to the driver, Compact Parking deliberately leaves the choice of the parking row to the drivers themselves. Drivers do not have to disclose their departure time to any system and they are not stopped by any barrier because Compact Parking offers a wide range of departure times on variable message signs. Drivers ought to use the parking row where their intended departure time is offered. With the innovative system Compact Parking the capacity of an existing rest area can be quickly increased without enlarging the area. This also avoids long-term planning approval procedures and is friendly to the environment. Besides, the safety for all users of the rest area can be improved by reducing illegal parking. Compact Parking is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI). The first installation of Compact Parking is under construction at the rest area Jura-West on the A3 motorway (Northern Bavaria). The Autobahndirektion Nordbayern (Motorway Directorate for Northern Bavaria) is the central agency to plan, build and run the motorways in Northern Bavaria and got the approval of the BMVI to realize the pilot project. BASt accompanies the pilot project and leads the implementation of the control procedure. The opening is scheduled for summer 2015.
The Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA), the Japanese Automobile Research Institute (JARI) and the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) are co-operating in the International Harmonized Research Activities on Intelligent Transportation Systems (IHRA-ITS). Under this umbrella a joint study was conducted. The overall objective of this study was to contribute to the definition and validation of a "battery of tools" which enables a prediction and an assessment of changes in driver workload due to the use of in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) while driving. In this sense \"validation\" means to produce empirical evidence from which it can be concluded that these methods reliably discriminate between IVIS which differ in terms of relevant features of the HMI-design. Additionally these methods should also be sensitive to the task demands imposed on the driver by the traffic situation and their interactions with HMI-design. To achieve these goals experimental validation studies (on-road and in the simulator) were performed in Sweden, Germany and Japan. As a common element these studies focused on the secondary task methodology as an approach to the study of driver workload. In a joint German-Swedish on-road study the Peripheral Detection Task (PDT) was assessed with respect to its sensitivity to the complexity of traffic situations and effects of different types of navigation systems. Results show that the PDT performance of both the German and the Swedish subjects reflects the task demands of the traffic situations better than those of the IVIS. However, alternative explanations are possible which will be examined by further analyses. Results of this study are supplemented by the Japanese study where informational demands induced by various traffic situations were analysed by using a simple arithmetic task as a secondary task. Results of this study show that relatively large task demands can be expected even from simple traffic situations.