Sonstige
Refine
Year of publication
- 2005 (30) (remove)
Document Type
- Conference Proceeding (30) (remove)
Language
- English (30) (remove)
Keywords
- Conference (29)
- Konferenz (28)
- Accident (20)
- Unfall (20)
- Injury (14)
- Verletzung (14)
- Fahrzeug (10)
- Vehicle (10)
- Cause (9)
- Ursache (9)
- Datenbank (8)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (8)
- Data bank (7)
- Reconstruction (accid) (7)
- Severity (accid, injury) (7)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (7)
- Fußgänger (6)
- On the spot accident investigation (6)
- Pedestrian (6)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (6)
- Bewertung (5)
- Evaluation (assessment) (5)
- Car (4)
- Data acquisition (4)
- Datenerfassung (4)
- Deutschland (4)
- Driver (4)
- Fahrer (4)
- Fahrzeugsitz (4)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (4)
- Germany (4)
- Geschwindigkeit (4)
- Head on collision (4)
- Motorcycle (4)
- Motorrad (4)
- PKW (4)
- Safety (4)
- Seat (veh) (4)
- Sicherheit (4)
- Software (4)
- Speed (4)
- Accident prevention (3)
- Biomechanics (3)
- Biomechanik (3)
- Child (3)
- Development (3)
- Entwicklung (3)
- Europa (3)
- Europe (3)
- Fatality (3)
- Improvement (3)
- Insasse (3)
- Kind (3)
- Overturning (veh) (3)
- Prevention (3)
- Safety belt (3)
- Sicherheitsgurt (3)
- Test (3)
- Unfallverhütung (3)
- Vehicle occupant (3)
- Verbesserung (3)
- Überschlagen (3)
- Active safety system (2)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (2)
- Behaviour (2)
- Bein (menschl) (2)
- Cyclist (2)
- Decrease (2)
- Deformation (2)
- EU (2)
- Education (2)
- Erziehung (2)
- Fahrstabilität (2)
- Fracture (bone) (2)
- Government (national) (2)
- Highway (2)
- Knochenbruch (2)
- Leg (human) (2)
- Method (2)
- Motorcyclist (2)
- Motorradfahrer (2)
- Radfahrer (2)
- Regierung (staat) (2)
- Risiko (2)
- Risk (2)
- Simulation (2)
- Spain (2)
- Spanien (2)
- Technologie (2)
- Technology (2)
- Tödlicher Unfall (2)
- Vehicle handling (2)
- Verfahren (2)
- Verformung (2)
- Verhalten (2)
- Verhütung (2)
- Verminderung (2)
- Versuch (2)
- Absorption (1)
- Activity report (1)
- Administration (1)
- Air bag (restraint system) (1)
- Airbag (1)
- Alte Leute (1)
- Anfahrversuch (1)
- Anthropometric dummy (1)
- Arbeitsgruppe (1)
- Ausrüstung (1)
- Autotür (1)
- Benutzung (1)
- Bevölkerung (1)
- Body (car) (1)
- Braking (1)
- Bremsung (1)
- Budget (1)
- Car door (1)
- Carbon dioxide (1)
- Cervical vertebrae (1)
- Coach (1)
- Concentration (chem) (1)
- Correlation (math, stat) (1)
- Crash helmet (1)
- Damage (1)
- Data base (1)
- Digital computer (1)
- Digitalrechner (1)
- Dummy (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- Dynamik (1)
- Efficiency (1)
- Electronics (1)
- Elektronik (1)
- Energie (1)
- Energy (1)
- Entgleisung (Zug) (1)
- Equipment (1)
- Eu (1)
- Foot (not a measure) (1)
- Forecast (1)
- France (1)
- Frankreich (1)
- Front (1)
- Fuß (1)
- Halswirbel (1)
- Head (1)
- Hinten (1)
- Hip (human) (1)
- Human factor (1)
- Hüfte (1)
- Impact sled (1)
- Impact test (veh) (1)
- Information (1)
- Information documentation (1)
- Interactive model (1)
- Interaktives Modell (1)
- International (1)
- Inventar (1)
- Inventory (1)
- Japan (1)
- Karosserie (1)
- Knee (human) (1)
- Knie (menschl) (1)
- Kohlendioxid (1)
- Konzentration (1)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (1)
- Körperhaltung (1)
- LKW (1)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (1)
- Lorry (1)
- Mathematical model (1)
- Menschlicher Faktor (1)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (1)
- Model (not math) (1)
- Modell (1)
- Motorisierungsgrad (1)
- Movement (1)
- Netherlands (1)
- Niederlande (1)
- Nigeria (1)
- Number (1)
- Old people (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- Padding (safety) (1)
- Passive safety system (1)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- Policy (1)
- Politik (1)
- Population (1)
- Portugal (1)
- Posture (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Psychological aspects (1)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (1)
- Quality (1)
- Qualität (1)
- Rear (1)
- Rechenmodell (1)
- Reisebus (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (1)
- Rotation (1)
- Sachschaden (1)
- Sauerstoff (1)
- Schutzhelm (1)
- Schweden (1)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (1)
- Severity (accid, injuy) (1)
- Sicherheitspolsterung (1)
- Side impact (1)
- Spinal column (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Statistik (1)
- Strasse (1)
- Straße (1)
- Sweden (1)
- Thailand (1)
- Theorie (1)
- Theory (1)
- Traffic (1)
- Tätigkeitsbericht (1)
- United kingdom (1)
- Use (1)
- Vehicle ownership (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (1)
- Verkehr (1)
- Vermeidung (1)
- Verschiebung (1)
- Verwaltung (1)
- Vorn (1)
- Wirbelsäule (1)
- Working group (1)
- Zahl (1)
- finite element method (1)
- tödlicher Unfall (1)
Institute
- Sonstige (30) (remove)
Traffic accidents were ranked the third among the major causes of death in Thailand. About 13,438 deaths and the death rate from traffic accident was 21.5 per 100,000 of population in 2002. The deaths and death rate varied upon the economic situation. After the economic crisis, traffic accidents were increased as well as the period of the bubble economy. In the Central region of Thailand numbers of road traffic crashes were lower than Bangkok Metropolis, but the highest in the number of deaths, death rate and serious injuries in 2002. Men aged 15"29 years old had higher numbers of deaths than men in other age groups and higher than women. Deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes were the highest in April and January, because there was a long weekend in those months. About 80 percent of road traffic crashes were caused by private car and motorcycle. In 2000 about 51 percent of traffic accidents took place on the straight way, followed by the junction and curves. In 2002, about 97 percent of road traffic crashes were caused by human factors including improper passing, speeding and disregarding to traffic signal, however, the identification of causes of traffic accident needed to improve. Drunk driving, disregarding on safety equipment usage, inefficiency of law enforcement and discontinuing of road safety programs were the deepest causes of traffic accidents. Research based information, a broad coalition of stakeholder and urban planning policy were needed to incorporate for a comprehensive road safety policy formulation and actions.
This study is aimed to investigate the correlations of impact conditions and dynamic responses with the injuries and injury severity of child pedestrians by accident reconstruction. For this purpose, the pedestrian accident cases were selected from Sweden and Germany with detailed information about injuries, accident cars, and accident environment. The selected accident cases were reconstructed using mathematical models of pedestrian and passenger car. The pedestrian models were generated based on the height, weight, and age of the pedestrian involved in accidents. The car models were built up based on the corresponding accident car. The impact speeds in simulations were defined based on the reported data. The calculated physical quantities were analyzed to find the correlation with injury outcomes registered in the accident database. The reconstruction approaches are discussed in terms of data collection, estimating vehicle impact speeds, pedestrian moving speeds and initial posture, secondary ground impact, validity of the mathematical models, as well as impact biomechanics.
The data situation for quantifying the proportion of accidents avoided by the introduction of active safety systems is incomplete, since there is generally no data available on the accidents avoided by the technology in question. In this paper, a split-register approach is suggested and compared with the classical case-control approach known from epidemiologic applications. Provided a set of assumptions hold, which can reasonably be made in such data situations, the split register approach allows inferences on the population accident risk. For both approaches the benefits of basing the analysis on the results of a logistic regression to adjust for confounding factors are outlined. The biasing effects of violating key assumptions are discussed and the split-register approach is demonstrated using the example of the active safety system ESP with data from the German in-depth accident study GIDAS.
The so-called "seat-belt injuries" or "seat-belt syndromes", described as 2-point seat-belt injuries, contain heavy inflection injuries of the lumbal spinal column, combined with heavy abdominal injuries as rupture of the upper intestinal bold or heavy injuries of the upper entrails. With "playing" children in the font of the car, with inappropriate plant of 3-point belts, identical injuries can occur.
Rollover scenarios in Europe
(2005)
Rollover accidents seem to be a rising problem in Europe and therefore the systematic of this accident scenario should be investigated. Based on statistical investigations on major European accident databases for different countries a series of 73 real world rollover accidents was analysed. These cases were reconstructed using PC-Crash and preliminary categorised using a modified USbased rollover classification. In a first step, the rollover events were reconstructed from the point of conflict to the vehicle- rest position. The vehicles kinematics as well as its linear and rotational velocities were derived. In a second step typical velocity characteristics as well as kinematics were identified and the events categorised according to these criteria. Based on these results four main categories were defined, covering all reconstructed accidents. This categorisation was based on mechanical parameters (rotatory and translator kinematical data of the vehicle). Significant differences can be seen for different scenarios for the "first phase of rollover".
This paper describes the methodology of In-Depth Investigation in Germany on the example of GIDAS (German In-Depth Accident Study). Since 1999 in Germany a joint project between FAT (Forschungsvereinigung Automobiltechnik or Automotive Industry Research Association) and BASt (Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen or the Federal Road Research Institute) is being carried out in Hannover and Dresden. The methodology of this project is based on a statistically orientated procedure of data sampling (sampling plan, weighting factors). The paper describes the possibilities of such in-depth investigation on the results of the offered title. The accident cases were collected randomly within GIDAS at Hannover. There are more cases existing from previous investigation started in 1985 under the same methodology. The portion of rollovers can be established at 3.7% of all accidents with casualties in the year 2000. For the study 434 cases of car accidents with rollovers are used for a detail comprehensive analysis. The accidents happened in the years 1994 to 2000 in the Hannover area. The injury distribution will report about 741 occupants with rollover accident event. The presented paper will give an overview of the accident situations following in rollover movements of cars. The distributions of injury frequencies, injury severity AIS for the whole body and for the body regions of occupants will be presented and compared to technical details like the impact speed and the deformation pattern. The speed of the car was determined at the point of rollover and on the point of accident initiency. The characteristics of the kinematics followed in a rollover movement are analyzed and the major defined types of rollover will be shown in the paper. The paper will describe the possibilities of In-Depth Investigation methods for the approach of finding countermeasures on the example of car accidents with rollover and explaining the biomechanics of injuries in rollover movements.
This report gives an overview of pedestrian accidents on Japanese roads. Database used for the analysis is national traffic accident data based on police reports. Relevant measures and background information ranging from vehicle safety, engineering and education are briefly reviewed, and area for further improvement is discussed.rn
This paper set out to examine the possibilities for injury avoidance implications for older drivers in crashes, based on crash and injury patterns among older drivers and current trends in ageing in most western societies. A number of safety technologies were identified and discussed which have potential for improving vehicle older driver crash avoidance and crashworthiness. While there were some promising estimates available of the likely benefits of this technology for improving safety, it is evident that they need to be confirmed for older drivers, given their age-related disabilities and sensory limitations. Further research is urgently required to ensure that these technologies yield safety benefits without any disbenefits for older drivers.rn
This paper reviews briefly the evolution of the investigation of transport accidents from the early beginnings when individual events were studied but systematic data was not collected. In the transport modes other than on the roads, accident investigation early on, even of single events, was important in introducing safety improvements. Road accidents, however, evolved enormously with the growth of car ownership without any comparable political response to the consequent deaths and injuries, equivalent to what happened with the other modes. From the 1950s data bases started to contribute to our knowledge of the epidemiology of road traffic injuries, and in-depth sample studies have contributed much to the body of knowledge in the last 30 years. However, even the basic input and output variables of a crash, its severity and the seriousness of the outcomes in terms of injuries and their consequences are not complete or agreed upon. Issues of experimental design and sampling are discussed. It is proposed that the most important area for current research to address is the effect of population variations on injury outcomes. The need for the establishment of good data bases for active safety issues is emphasised with the consequent need for better links between the research community and the police.
Nowadays airbags are part of the standard equipment in almost all new cars. While airbags are saving an increasing number of people from severe injuries and death in moderate and high speed crashes, they do not completely prevent dashboard injuries. The most common mechanism in dashboard injuries is a posteriorly directed force to the proximal tibia with the knee flexed. This may occur during a motor vehicle frontal impact accident when a knee of the driver or the front-seat passenger strikes the dashboard. The posterior force can be combined with a abducting or rotational force leading to concomitant lateral or posterolateral injury. Car and airbag manufacturers therefore develop special inflatable systems to reduce the impact force in dashboard injuries. Every new inflatable system, however, has to be evaluated in out of position situations in which the system might cause injuries to certain body areas. Therefore, we investigated a new kneebag system in different critical seating positions of post mortem test subjects (PMTS). The tested knee airbag module is a folded airbag (18 litre volume) which is installed below the lower section of the instrument panel of a passenger car. Using four PMTS (2 male, 2 female, age 36"67) the following positions were tested: normal seating position, knee flexed >90 degrees and knee flexed <60 degrees in static deployment tests with direct contact. In addition a dynamic test (48.8kph, AAMA-pulse) was carried out with the PMTS belted in a normal seating position. The inflation phase and the impact of the system on the knee/lower leg were analysed by high speed videos. After the test the lower legs of the PMTS were examined by Xray and autopsy. All soft tissue injuries and bone fractures were recorded. All the tests could be evaluated. Except some superficial skin lesions in the impact area no fracture of the bones around the knee and no knee ligament and tendon injuries were observed. Neither video analysis nor autopsy of the PMTS showed any critical contact injuries caused by the inflation process of the bag. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the tested seating positions which are the most critical for the knee area the knee bag system is safe.