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Safety Enhanced Innovations for Older Road Users (Seniors): Further Development of Test and Assessment Procedures Towards an Improved Passive Protection of Pedestrians and Cyclists

  • Test and assessment procedures for passive pedestrian protection based on developments by the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) have been introduced in world-wide regulations and consumer test programmes, with considerable harmonization between these programmes. Nevertheless, latest accident investigations reveal a stagnation of pedestrian fatality numbers on European roads running the risk of not meeting the European Union- goal of halving the number of road fatalities by the year 2020. The branch of external road user safety within the EC-funded research project SENIORS under the HORIZON 2020 framework programme focuses on investigating the benefit of modifications to pedestrian test and assessment procedures and their impactors for vulnerable road users with focus on the elderly. Injury patterns of pedestrians and cyclists derived from the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) show a trend of AIS 2+ and AIS 3+ injuries getting more relevant for the thorax region in crashes with newer cars (Wisch et al., 2017), while maintaining the relevance for head and lower extremities. Several crash databases from Europe such as GIDAS and the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA) also show that head, thorax and lower extremities are the key affected body regions not only for the average population but in particular for the elderly. Therefore, the SENIORS project is focusing on an improvement of currently available impactors and procedures in terms of biofidelity and injury assessment ability towards a better protection of the affected body regions, incorporating previous results from FP 6 project APROSYS and subsequent studies carried out by BASt. The paper describes the overall methodology to develop revised FE impactor models. Matched human body model and impactor simulations against generic test rigs provide transfer functions that will be used for the derivation of impactor criteria from human injury risk functions for the affected body regions. In a later step, the refined impactors will be validated by simulations against actual vehicle front-ends. Prototyping and adaptation of test and assessment procedures as well as an impact assessment will conclude the work of the project at the final stage. The work will contribute to an improved protection of vulnerable road users focusing on the elderly. The use of advanced human body models to develop applicable assessment criteria for the revised impactors is intended to cope with the paucity of actual biomechanical data focusing on elderly pedestrians. In order to achieve optimized results in the future, the improved test methods need to be implemented within an integrated approach, combining active with passive safety measures. In order to address the developments in road accidents and injury patterns of vulnerable road users, established test and assessment procedures need to be continuously verified and, where needed, to be revised. The demographic change as well as changes in the vehicle fleet, leading to a variation of accident scenarios, injury frequencies and injury patterns of vulnerable road users are addressed by the work provided by the SENIORS project, introducing updated impactors for pedestrian test and assessment procedures.

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Metadaten
Author:Oliver ZanderORCiDGND, Julian OttORCiD, Marcus WischORCiD, Alba Fornells, Therese Fuchs, David Hynd, Paul Lemmen, Mark Burleigh, Francisco Lopez-Valdes, Andrea Luera, Christer Lundgren
Document Type:Conference Proceeding
Language:English
Date of Publication (online):2018/09/11
Year of first publication:2017
Contributing corporation:IDIADA Automotive Technology
Release Date:2018/09/11
Tag:Alte Leute; Bewertung; Fußgänger; Menschlicher Körper; Passives Sicherheitssystem; Prüfverfahren; Radfahrer; Schweregrad (Unfall; Simulation; Verbesserung; Verletzung)
Aged people; Cyclist; Evaluation (assessment); Human body; Improvement; Passive safety system; Pedestrian; Severity (accid; Simulation; Test method; injury)
Comment:
Außerdem beteiligt: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München; Transport Research Laboratory ; Humanetics Innovative Solutions; Universidad de Zaragoza; Fiat Chrysler Automobiles; Autoliv Development AB.

Volltext: https://www-esv.nhtsa.dot.gov/Proceedings/25/25ESV-000268.pdf
Source:25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Paper No. 17-0268
Institutes:Abteilung Fahrzeugtechnik / Abteilung Fahrzeugtechnik
Sonstige / Sonstige
Dewey Decimal Classification:6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / 62 Ingenieurwissenschaften / 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
collections:BASt-Beiträge / ITRD Sachgebiete / 91 Fahrzeugkonstruktion
BASt-Beiträge / Tagungen / International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) / 25th ESV Conference 2017

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